2019高考英語一輪復習練習題 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Cloning 一、閱讀理解 Pollution’s great effects on the environment have bee more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（維護）and demolition（拆毀）—than those who construct more regular buildings. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings. The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微風）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or pletely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment. 1.What is the text mainly about? A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. B. The process of building green buildings. C. The benefits and features of green buildings. D. Green buildings effects on the environment. 2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______. A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently 3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings? A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones. C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building. D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs. 4.Why are green roofs used ? A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well 【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的諸多好處和對環(huán)境的巨大的保護作用，呼吁人們多建設這樣的綠色的建筑。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒數(shù)第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒數(shù)第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要講述的是Green buildings的很多的好處和特征。故C正確。 3.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造綠色建筑時必須考慮生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。 4.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段These roofs are partly or pletely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他們可以幫助控制大樓里的溫度。故選D。 二、教材與語法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is that gardeners use it 1.___________ (produce) mercial quantities of plants. The other is that it is 2.___________ (value) for research on new species and for medical research on animals. However, the process of cloning is difficult 3.___________ (undertake)．Many 4.___________ (attempt)to clone mammals failed. The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole 5.___________ (science) world follow its progress, though it had 6.___________ (many) problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance 7.___________ (raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.___________ the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it. 9.___________ ， scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10.___________ it is leading us. 答案：1.to produce　2.valuable　3.to undertake 4．attempts　5.scientific　6.more　7.raised　8.on/upon 9．However　10.where 三、完形填空 It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will __1__ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired，and __2__ to climb further.With a broad __3__，he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(癱瘓) in both legs and was __4__ funds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully，he could __5__ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of __6__ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the __7__ money.After a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for acmodation.This time I was more or less __8__ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said，“This is all I have.” A year went by and I had moved to a(n) __9__ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didnt __10__ him.Then he said he was the very paralyzed person I helped a year ago. I asked him how he was doing.He said，“What sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my __11__ state.” “With your kind help I am now able to __12__ on my legs without support.I was operated __13__.I am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable __14__.” I dont __15__ remember if I gave him my phone number.__16__，what he said next was touching.He said he wanted to return my money so that I didnt feel cheated and would continue to help people __17__ in the future.I dont know whether he read my facial expression the day I helped him but tears were __18__ down my face.That day I promised him I would continue to help people as I saw a(n) __19__—small or big.__20__ a lifechanged event of my life. 1．A.send B．break C．bring D．turn 2．A.struggling B．substituting C．playing D．walking 3．A.look B．smile C．view D．whisper 4．A.finding B．raising C．seeking D．earning 5．A.pretend B．intend C．attend D．tend 6．A.interests B．minds C．worries D．doubts 7．A.remaining B．left C．hiding D．forgotten 8．A.informed B．prepared C．convinced D．outspoken 9．A.new B．old C．systematic D．bad 10．A.remind B．recognize C．replace D．repeat 11．A.excited B．messed C．disabled D．stressed 12．A.live B．base C．focus D．stand 13．A.successfully B．surprisingly C．hopefully D．naturally 14．A.reason B．promise C．character D．job 15．A.also B．even C．already D．only 16．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Meanwhile 17．A.in need B．in place C．in favor D．in advance 18．A.bringing B．putting C．running D．pulling 19．A.behavior B．case C．accident D．opportunity 20．A.Strangely B．Truly C．Generally D．Originally 【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者一次無意間的幫助改變了一位癱瘓者的一生。這件事也改變了作者的人生，讓他決定繼續(xù)幫助那些有困難的人。 1．D　考查動詞短語辨析。此處指作者從未想過一個小小的幫助最后竟成為他曾做過的最令自己滿意的一件事。四個選項都能與out組成固定短語。turn out意為“結果是，最后成為”，符合語境。send out意為“發(fā)出”；break out意為“爆發(fā)”；bring out意為“生產，出版”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 2．A　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“paralyzed (癱瘓)”可知，他癱瘓了，所以此處應指他努力往前爬。A項意為“努力，掙扎”，符合語境。B項意為“替換”；C項意為“玩”；D項意為“走”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 3．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“broad”可知，此處應指他咧嘴微笑著。B項意為“微笑”，符合語境。A項意為“表情”；C項意為“觀點”；D項意為“耳語”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 4．B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上句中的“help him with some money”可知，此處應指他在籌集手術資金。B項意為“籌集”，符合語境。A項意為“找到”；C項意為“尋找”；D項意為“掙得”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 5．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應指如果手術成功了，他就能參加能讓他得到一份工作的培訓。C項意為“參加”，符合語境。A項意為“假裝”；B項意為“打算”；D項意為“往往會”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 6．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“even asked him to show his legs”可知，作者要求看看他的腿，所以對他所說的話應該是充滿了懷疑。D項意為“懷疑”，符合語境。A項意為“興趣”；B項意為“思想”；C項意為“擔心”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 7．A　考查形容詞辨析。此處指作者把手上剩余的錢都給了他。A項意為“剩余的”，符合語境。B項意為“剩下的”，不作前置定語；C項意為“隱藏的”；D項意為“被遺忘的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 8．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“he was not cheating me”和下句中的“gave him some”可知，作者給了他一些錢，有幾分確信他并沒有騙自己。C項意為“確信的，信服的”，符合語境。A項意為“見多識廣的”；B項意為“準備好的”；D項意為“坦率的，直言不諱的”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文的“moved to”及下文作者接到一個陌生電話可知，作者搬到了一個新地方。A項意為“新的”，符合語境。B項意為“舊的”；C項意為“系統(tǒng)化的”；D項意為“壞的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 10．B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的轉折連詞“but”及下文中的“you recognize me not by my name”可知，打電話的人報出了自己的名字，但作者并沒有認出他來。B項意為“認出”，符合語境。A項意為“提醒”；C項意為“代替”；D項意為“重復”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 11．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Then he said he was the very paralyzed person”可知，作者不是通過他的名字而是通過他癱瘓的情況認出了他。C項意為“殘疾的”，符合語境。A項意為“興奮的”；B項意為“混亂的”；D項意為“有壓力的”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 12．D　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“without support”可知，此處指他不需要支架就可以自己站起來。D項意為“站立，站起來”，符合語境。live意為“居住”；base意為“基于”；focus意為“關注”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 13．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上一句可知，他現(xiàn)在能夠站起來，所以手術成功了。A項意為“成功地”，符合語境。B項意為“令人驚奇地”；C項意為“有希望地”；D項意為“自然地”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 14．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識及上文中提到的“guaranteeing him a job”可推斷出，他結婚了，還有了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。D項意為“工作”，符合語境。A項意為“理由”；B項意為“允諾”；C項意為“性格”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 15．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境及上文中的“A year went by”可知，此處指作者甚至不記得是否給過他電話號碼。B項意為“甚至”，符合語境。故答案選B。 16．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者甚至不記得是否給過他電話號碼，但是他接下來說的話卻令人感動。C項意為“然而”，表示轉折，符合語境。A項意為“因此”；B項意為“否則”；D項意為“與此同時”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 17．A　考查短語辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，這位曾經(jīng)癱瘓的人想將錢還給作者，這樣作者就不會感覺到自己被騙從而以后可以放心去幫助那些有困難的人。A項意為“在危難中的”，符合語境。B項意為“在適當?shù)奈恢谩?；C項不是短語；D項意為“提前”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 18．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指眼淚流過作者的臉龐。四個選項都能與down組成短語。run down意為“往下流”，符合語境。bring down意為“降低，打倒”；put down意為“鎮(zhèn)壓，記下”；pull down意為“拉下來，摧毀”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 19．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境及本句中的“small or big”可知，此處表示只要有機會，無論大小，作者都會繼續(xù)幫助他人。D項意為“機會”，符合語境。A項意為“行為”； B項意為“事例”；C項意為“事故”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 20．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)全文內容以及第一段第一句可知，此處與第一句相呼應，指的是這的確是改變了作者一生的事情。B項意為“確實，的確”，符合語境。A項意為“奇怪地”；C項意為“大體上地”；D項意為“起初”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 四、教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學知識完成下列句子。 1．據(jù)我所知，人們對于克隆技術尤其是在克隆人方面的分歧相當大。(differ) ___________________________________________________ 答案：As far as I know, people differ greatly in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings. 2．一些人支持它的發(fā)展，他們認為這項技術一定會有利于醫(yī)學的發(fā)展。(in favour of; be bound to) ___________________________________________________ 答案：Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development. 3．相反，另一些人害怕克隆能引起一系列的道德問題，對社會的發(fā)展造成危害。(on the contrary; moral) ___________________________________________________ 答案：On the contrary, others fear that it could raise a storm of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development. 4．我認為，只要所有的人都遵守規(guī)則，承諾合理應用克隆技術，克隆將會取得成功。(on assumption that; pay off) ___________________________________________________ 答案：In my opinion, cloning will pay off on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it properly. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。 ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤，改正錯誤并背誦該文。 As far as I know, people differ great in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings. Some people are in favour of its development, believe the technique is bound to benefit the medical development. On the contrary, others fear that it could raise a storm of moral problem, thus causing damage to the social development. Therefore, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use properly. 答案： As far as I know, people differ in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings. Some people are in favour of its development, the technique is bound to benefit the medical development. On the contrary, others fear that it could raise a storm of moral ， thus causing damage to the social development. ， in my opinion, cloning will pay off on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use properly.