2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 代詞.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 代詞 知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！ 一、 代詞的分類英語(yǔ)中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。 二、 代詞的用法 1． 人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我” “你” “他” “我們” “你們” “他們”。請(qǐng)看下表： 數(shù) 格 人 稱 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 主 格 賓 格 主 格 賓 格 第一人稱 we me we us 第二人稱 you you you you 第三人稱 he him they them she her it it (1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：She is my English teacher. (2) 賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如：They don’t want me to go there alone. Don’t worry. I can look after her. (3) 賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語(yǔ)中。例如：--- Who’s that? --- It’s me. 注意：①人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。 ②人稱代的主格作表語(yǔ)，一般都在正中的談話中， 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。 ③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國(guó)、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如： The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時(shí)她第一次去波士頓。 We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger. 我們熱愛我們的祖國(guó)，我們希望她越來越強(qiáng)大。 ④It作為人稱代詞時(shí)，可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。 ⑤It 還可用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，來代替由不定式，動(dòng)詞的-ing,形式或主語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)， 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. ⑥英語(yǔ)里當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí)，人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語(yǔ)不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project. 2．物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。 詞 義 類 型 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他/她/它們的 形容詞性物主代詞 my your his her its our your their 名 詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs （1） 形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語(yǔ)， 后面跟名詞。例如： To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征， 在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。例如： May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主語(yǔ)) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表語(yǔ)) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作賓語(yǔ)) (3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用， 作定語(yǔ)。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us. 3．反身帶詞：用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示： 詞 義 數(shù) 我(們)自己 你(們)自己 他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己 單 數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself 復(fù) 數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves （1）反身代詞在句中常用賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語(yǔ)) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)) You’d better ask your wife herself. (賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)) (2) 反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，例如： make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc 4．指示代詞：表示時(shí)間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表 這，這個(gè) 那，那個(gè) 這些 那些 this that these those 指示代詞可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主語(yǔ)) Throw it like that. (作表語(yǔ)) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語(yǔ)) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語(yǔ)) 注意：（1）前面剛剛提到過的東西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如： I’m sorry to hear that. ( 2 )下文將要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起啟下的作用。 例如： Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it. 5．疑問代詞：用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。 作主語(yǔ)： What make you so happy? 作賓語(yǔ)： Who / Whom is your manager talking with? 在口語(yǔ)中， 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) who和whom可以通用，但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如： About whom they are talking just now? 作定語(yǔ)： Which subject do you like best? 作表語(yǔ)： What’s your mother. 6．相互代詞：用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。例如： We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year. 相互代詞后可以加’s,表示所有關(guān)系。 例如： We put the presents in each other’s stocking. 7．連接代詞： 用來連接賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office? 8. 不定代詞：不定代詞沒有確定的對(duì)象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。 不定代詞通常可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語(yǔ)，no和every 只能做定語(yǔ)。 代詞 many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。 例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！ 1. This isn’t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at home. A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself 解析：此類題主要用于考查學(xué)生對(duì)人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的掌握情況。要做好這類題，就必須熟練掌握這三類詞的用法。應(yīng)選A。 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 解析：歷年來中考始終將little, a little, few, a few作為一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，要做好這類題，必須明確幾點(diǎn)：（1）little, a little修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞；few, a few修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意義；a few, a little表示肯定意義。應(yīng)選D。 3. ------ Can I e this evening or tomorrow morning? ------ ______ OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 解析：此類題主要是針對(duì)each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代詞的考查。Both指兩個(gè)人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它們都表示肯定意義，均與of連用，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。all也可代替不可數(shù)名詞或一個(gè)整體，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，either指兩者只任何一個(gè)，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè)用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示兩者都不是。應(yīng)選A。 4. The population of China is much large than ______ A. this B.those C.it D.that 解析：在比較級(jí)的句型中，經(jīng)常用that指代前面提到過的不可數(shù)名詞，用those指代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 選D。 5 . ------ When shall we meet again? ------ Make it ______day you like. It’s all the same to me. A. one B.any C.another D.all 解析：any表示任何一個(gè)。選B。 He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 解析：此句的意思是“他在會(huì)上一言不發(fā)，只是靜靜地坐在那里。”根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選C。 ------ Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster? ------ Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 解析：先行詞指人且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選B。 練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！ 一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空 Help ______ to some ice cream, girls. He came up with an idea at last, the idea of ______ was very good. Hurry, up, there’s ______ time left. There is hardly ______ in the basket, it’s empty. Lili and Coco don’t know ______ address. Lili has never been to Coco’s home and Coco has never been to Lily’s home, either. He is ______ a kind friend that ______of us like him. He have two English novels, but he has read ______ of them. I don’t like the color of this jacket. Could you show me ______ one? You may take ______ of them, they’re both good. Don’t worry. ______ goes well here. 二、選擇最佳答案填空： 1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _________ of them. A. both B. each C. either D. any 2. He had ________milk but_________ bread for breakfast. A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many 3. Is there ________you want to say? A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something 4. A: _________ are you going to visit? B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum. A. Where B. What C. Why D. When 5. One should keep ________ promise. A. one’s own B. every C. himself D. herself 三、完成句子 1. There’s two apples here, you can take ______（任意一個(gè)）. 2. Lisa has two daughters. ______(沒有一個(gè)喜歡)traveling. 3. ______ (所有的)girls like singing. 4. To say is ______ (一回事), to do is ______ (另一回事). 5. They keep one black cat and ______ (兩只黑的). 6. He has ______ (許多) money, but he has ______ (沒有) friends. 7. Can she speak French? ______ (只會(huì)一點(diǎn)). 8. ______ (他們中很少有人) can talk in Chinese. 9. ______ (沒人) has been reached farther than the moon. 10. We looked at ______ (相互) in great surprise. Key: 一、1.yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each other’s 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either 10.everything 二、CBBAA 三、1.either 2.neither 3.all 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 6.a lot of/much, no 7.A little 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody 10.each other