2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第12章 動詞的語氣.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第12章 動詞的語氣語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對說話內(nèi)容的特法和態(tài)度。英語中動詞的語氣分為:陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。對于語氣的考查，主耍集中在祈使語氣和虛擬語氣上，多以單項(xiàng)選擇或完成句子的形式設(shè)題。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，要牢記祈使語氣的形式，掌握不同從句中虛擬語氣的用法。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識點(diǎn)1 語氣的分類知識點(diǎn)2虛擬語氣知識詳單知識點(diǎn)1 語氣的分類分類說明例句陳述語氣表示說話人認(rèn)為他說的話是事實(shí)They went to visit the Great Wall yesterday.他們昨天去參觀長城了。祈使語氣表示說話人提出請求、命令、勸告、警告、號召等Dont leave todays work for tomorrow.不要把今天的工作放到明天。虛擬語氣表示說話人認(rèn)為他所說的話是和事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想或主觀愿望If I were you, I would study hard.如果我是你，我就會好好學(xué)習(xí)。知識點(diǎn)2虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣在條件中的用法情況從句結(jié)構(gòu)主語結(jié)構(gòu)例句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況if+主語+動詞過去式(be動詞用were)+其他主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形+其他If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.如果天氣好，他們就去游泳了。(事實(shí)是天氣不好)If we had time now, we should/would read it again.要是現(xiàn)在我們有空，我們就把它再看一遍。(事實(shí)是我們現(xiàn)在沒空)與過去事實(shí)相反的情況If+主語had+過去分詞+其他主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞+其他If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.如果我聽了他的忠告，就不會犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(事實(shí)上當(dāng)初我沒有聽他的忠告)I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.如果我想到你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會笑了。(事實(shí)上是我笑了)與將來事實(shí)相反的情況詞峨他動姍其if+主語+過去式+其他+注+主語R+動詞原形伽if+主語+.6dd+動詞原形+其他主講+should/would/could/might+動詞原形+其他If she should e, I would ask her for help.萬一她來的話，我就請她幫忙。(事實(shí)上她來的可能性很小)If I had time tomorrow，I would certainly go for an outgoing with you如果我明天有時(shí)間，我一定會和你去郊游。If you were to quarrel with him，I should feel very sorry.如果你和他吵架,我會覺得很遺憾?！局R拓展】1.混合虛擬語氣:有時(shí)從句和主句分別表示發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)，這時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)情況分別使用各自的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:If he had followed the doctors advice，he would be quite all right now.他當(dāng)時(shí)若是聽從醫(yī)生的話，現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了。(從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在)If you were to master English，you should have worked hard. 如果你要掌握英語，你本來應(yīng)該下苦功的。(從句說明將來，主句說明過去)2.在if虛擬條件句中，如果從句中含有should, had或were可以省去if，把should, had或were移到主語之前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Should it happen(=If it should happen)，what would you do?如果真發(fā)生這樣的事，你怎么辦呢?Were I you(= If I were you)，I would go.如果我是你，我就去。Had he recognized me(=If he had recognized me) , he would have e over.如果他認(rèn)出了我，早就走過來了。【易錯(cuò)警示】if only與only if.二的區(qū)別: （1）if only作“只要”講，引出真實(shí)條件句，謂語動詞用陳述語氣;if only作“如果就好了，要是就好了” 講，引出虛擬條件句，用來表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望或遺憾，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，通常省略主句。例如:If only you work hard，youll learn English well. 只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就能學(xué)好英語。If only I were you!要是我是你就好了!（2） only if表示“只有在情況下才能，只有在條件下才能”，謂語動詞用陳述語氣;only if從句如果放在主句前，則主句用倒裝語序。例如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。Only if my teacher helps me can I succeed.只有在老師的幫助下我才能成功。2.虛擬語氣在賓語從句的用法說明例句有些動詞后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，即“( should)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:advise建議;mand命令;demand要求，需要;desire希望，渴望，要求;insist堅(jiān)決要求，order命令;propose提議，建議;request請求，需要;require需要，要求;suggest建議;urge力勸，督促Tom ordered that all the people(should)go to the front.湯姆命令所有人上前線。We suggest that the meeting (should) be put off.我們建議推遲會議。We insisted that he(should) be taken to hospital as soonas possible.我們堅(jiān)決要求盡快把他送到醫(yī)院。動詞wish后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。表示現(xiàn)在情況時(shí)，從句使用動詞過去式;將來情況，從句使用would/could/might+動詞原形”;過去情況，從句使用“had+過去分詞”或“would/could+ have+過去分詞”I wish I were as strong as you.我希望我和你一樣強(qiáng)壯。I wish I could have gone to the movies with you last night.我真希望昨天晚上能和你去看電影。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.我希望你明天能和我一起去。would rather之后接賓語從句時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在和將來情況時(shí)，從句使用動詞的過去式;表示過去情況，從句使用 had+過去分詞”。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒是希望你明天來。Id rather I hadnt done that.我真希望沒做那事?！疽族e(cuò)替示】1. suggest作“表明、暗示”講時(shí).從句不用皮擬語氣。例如:Mr. Smiths oral English suggests that he is from Canada.史密斯先生的口語表明他來自加拿大。2. insist作堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說”講時(shí)，后面跟一種事實(shí)或客觀情況.從旬不用虛擬語氣。例如:He insisted that he had seen the film.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他看過這個(gè)電影。3.在“I am surprised /sorry+ that從句”和“ I regret + that從句”中，從句謂語動詞要用should，其中，should不可省略，意思是“竟然”。表示說話人的驚訝、懊悔、失望等情感，需用虛擬語氣。例如:I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you.我很驚訝他竟然對你這么粗魯。3.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法說明例句在“It is+ adj/n.+ that從句”中，that從句常常用“( should )+動詞原形”It is necessary that those machines(should) be examined.那些機(jī)器檢查一下是必要的?！局R拓展】常見的形容詞或名詞有:strange陌生的，surprising驚奇的，amazing驚訝的，wrong錯(cuò)的，important重要的，necessary必須的，natural自然的，possible可能的，probable或許，urgent急切的，better更好的，funny，可笑的，eager熱切的，anxious急切的，pity遺憾，shame羞愧的事情，wonder奇跡等在It is+過去分詞+that從句”中，that從句須用“(should)+動詞原形”It is suggested that Tom(should)take over the work at once.建議湯姆馬上接管這項(xiàng)工作?！局R拓展】常見的過去分詞有:insist堅(jiān)持要求;prefer寧愿;urge力勸，督促;intend要求;arrange安排，布置; order命令，mand命令;suggest建議;advise建議;propose建議，提議;remend命令;ask要求;require需要，需求;request請求，需要;demand要求，需求;desire希望，渴望，要求等4.虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法從句說明例句表語從句當(dāng)主句的主語為advice(建議)idea(想法，主意), order(命令), mand(命令)，,Proposal(提議，需求)，,request(請求，需要), requirement (要求，需求)， suggestion (建議)等名詞時(shí)，表語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣形式，即“( should)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)His requirement was that the floor(should)be kept clean.他的要求是地板保持干凈。His suggestion is that your homework(should) be finished in time every day.他的建議是你的作業(yè)每天及時(shí)完成。同位語從句當(dāng)advice, demand, order, proposal, request，requirement, suggestion等表示“建議，要求，命令”的名詞后接同位語從句時(shí)，從句使用虛擬語氣，即“(should)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)The officer gave the order that all the soldiers(should) get ready at once.軍官命令所有的戰(zhàn)士馬上做好準(zhǔn)備。The advice came from his teacher that he (should) read as many books as possible.建議是來自他的老師，他應(yīng)該讀盡可能多的書。:5.虛擬語氣在狀語從句的用法從句說明例句方式狀語從句as if/though(好像)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí)，從句常用虛擬語氣形式，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用動詞過去式(be動詞使用were )，與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用“had+過去分詞”。(as if/though引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，用法與此相同)They talk very loudly as if nobody were around.他們說話聲音很大，好像周圍沒人似的。He speaks as if he had been in England for years.他說話就好像他在英國待了很多年?！疽族e(cuò)普示】as if/though在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果從句所說的內(nèi)容可能性很大，則需要使用陳述語氣，即從句謂語動詞應(yīng)使用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~時(shí)態(tài)。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.仿佛天要下雨。(可能性大，表示馬上就要下雨)條件狀語從句 if only (是就好了)后接從句時(shí)(從句 往往獨(dú)立使用，省略主句)，從句常使使用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)與wish的結(jié)構(gòu)相同If only he had had more courage!他再勇敢一些就好了!If only she didnt drive so fast.但愿她車沒開得那么快。If only Tom would go with me!湯姆要是愿意和我一道去就好了!讓步狀語從句even if/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句常使用虛擬語氣形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相同Even if he were here，he should not know what to do.即使他在這，他也不知道該怎么辦。Even if it dlid not rain tomorrow，I would not go there.即使明天不下雨，我也不會去那里的。目的狀語從句for fear that(以免，免得) , in case(以免，以防) lest(以防)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句常用虛擬語氣形式，即“should+動詞原形”，其中的should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should e in.她又把門檢查一遍，以防盜賊進(jìn)人。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早出發(fā)以防遲到。6.虛擬語氣的其他用法用法說明例句虛擬語氣用于定語從句在定語從句的句式“It is ( high) time (that) .”中，that之后的從句使用動詞的過去式(be使用were)或“should+動詞原形”，注意其中的should不可省略(第二種結(jié)構(gòu)用得較少)Im getting tired. Its time we wenthome.我累了，我們該回家了。I think Its time you went to bed.我想你該睡覺了。虛擬語氣用于某些表祝愿的句子中結(jié)構(gòu)為“May+主語+動詞原形”May you succeed。祝你成功。May you be happy forever!祝愿你永遠(yuǎn)快樂!用于What if?句式表示“要是怎么辦?”What if I should fail?萬一失敗，我怎么辦呢?考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn) 考查虛擬語氣的用法1.(安順中考)if I_, a bird, I_ fly in the blue sky.A. was would B. am; will C. will be; will D. were; would【解析】選D “如果我是一只鳥”表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的說法，應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。從句的系were，主句用would十動詞原形。故選D2.(達(dá)州中考)-Swimming in the river for teenagers is very dangerous.-So it is. If I_ them，I _ a shower at home.A. am, would take B. were, will take C. was, would take D. were,would take【解析】選D“如果我是他們”表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的說法，應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。從句的系動詞用were，主句用would+動詞原形。故選D