2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第8章 常見的連詞.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第8章 常見的連詞連詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，但可以起連接作用.用來連接閱與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。對于連詞的考查，往往集中于并列連詞的河義拼析和從屬連詞引導(dǎo)不同的狀語從句的用法。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，不但要搞清楚并列連詞所引導(dǎo)的各種關(guān)系，還耍掌握從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的各類從句的用法。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識點(diǎn)1連詞的分類知識點(diǎn)2并列連詞的用法知識點(diǎn)3從屬連詞的用法知識點(diǎn)4常見連詞的用法辨析知識詳單知識點(diǎn)1連詞的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類例詞根據(jù)形式分類簡單連詞and和，or或者，but但是，if如果，because因?yàn)椋瑂o所以關(guān)聯(lián)連詞Bothand(二者)都，Either.or或者或者，not onlybut also不但而且短語連詞as long as只要，as if好像根據(jù)意義分類并列連詞and和，or或者，so所以，but但是，for原因，while然而從屬連詞自從，if如果，unless除非，until直到，as if好像知識點(diǎn)2并列連詞的用法分類連詞含義例句表示并列and和，又We are singing and they are dancing.我們在唱歌，他們在跳舞?！局R拓展】1. and用于連接三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的并列成分時(shí)，前面幾個(gè)往往使用逗號隔開，最后兩個(gè)之間使用and進(jìn)行連接。例如: Its you that always make me feel warm, safe and happy是你總是讓我感到溫暖，安全和快樂。2. and如果連接的是動詞不定式，往往只在第一個(gè)不定式前加不定式符號to，而其余的不定式符號to可省略。例如:She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back她告訴我們待在家里一直等到她會來。3. and連接兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物，此時(shí)第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞或者所有歌。例如:His secretary and driver picked him up at the airport yesterday。昨天是他的秘書兼司機(jī)在機(jī)場接他。As well as也，又Im learning French as well as English.我學(xué)法語，還學(xué)法語.Bothand既又Both Jim and Kate are from England。吉姆和凱特都是來自英國。Neithernor既不也不Neither the father nor the son is interested in the film.父子倆對這部電影都不感興趣。not onlybut also不但而且Not only English but also French is spoken in Canada.加拿大不僅說英語，而且說法語。表示轉(zhuǎn)折but可是，但是I askedhim a questionbut he would not answer。我問了他一個(gè)問題，但是他不作回答。while而，然而I am a worker while my brother is a professor.我是一名工人，而我的兄弟是一位教授。yet可是，然而It is very strange, yet it is true.這件事很奇怪，然而它卻是真的。whereas然而，反而Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.有人喜歡咖啡，然而也有人喜歡茶。【易錯(cuò)警示】although或though在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，主句不可使用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，但是可以使用yet或still。例如:Although she is in poor health，(yet) she works hard.雖然她的身體不好，但是她工作非常努力。二She is in poor health，but she works very hard.【知識拓展】however作為“然而”之意時(shí)，是副詞，可位于句首、句中和句尾，而且需要使用逗號與句子隔開。例如:Its raining hard. However I still want to go there.雨下得很大。然而，我仍然想去那里。Later, however, he madehis mind to give up the idea.然而，后來他下定決心放棄了那個(gè)想法-表示選擇or或者，否則Will you go to the post office by bus or on foot?你你要乘公共汽車還是步行去郵局?Hurry up, or you will be late.快點(diǎn)，否則你會遲到的?！局R拓展】在否定句中，or用于連接并列的成分時(shí)，相當(dāng)于“and+否定詞”例如:There is no water or air on the moon.(=There is no water and no air on the moon.)月球上沒有水和空氣。or else否則，要不然Be careful or else you will make a mistake.小心，否則你將會犯錯(cuò)誤。rather than而不是I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.我會親自去做這件事，而不是叫他去做。notbut不是而是.John is not her father but her uncle.約翰不是她的父親而是她的的叔叔。eitheror或者或者.Either Alice or her father cooks meals at home要么愛麗絲要么她爸爸在家做飯。whetheror不管是還是They havent decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。他們尚未決定-是去倫敦還是去柏林。表示因果so因此，所以I had a headache, so I went to bed very early.我頭痛，因此很早就上床睡覺了。for因?yàn)椋捎贗ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.找會聽從他的建議，因?yàn)樗轻t(yī)生?！疽族e(cuò)警示】so作為表示因果關(guān)系的連詞，不與because在一句話中同時(shí)使用。另外，還有些副詞或短語，如besides（而且，此外），hence（因此），moreover（而且，此外），,then（那么，因而），therefor（因此），thus（因而），as a result/ consequence (結(jié)果，因此)，in addition（此外）等，也可使句子的前后意思更為連貫，有時(shí)可以起到和連詞相同的作用。例如：.It rained and therefore the football match was put off.下雨了，.因此足球賽延期。I dont want to go; besides， Im too tired.我不想去，此外.我也太累了。【知識拓展1. neithernor，not only. but also，either. or:和notbut.用于謂語動詞與最近的主語保持就近一致原則。例如：Not only you but also I am going to attend a lecture given by Dr. Smith.不僅你而且我要去聽史密斯博士的講座。2. as well as和rather than用于連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致。例如:He as well as I is satisfied with the result.他和我都對這一結(jié)果表示滿意。3. and和or常用于句式“祈使句+and/ or+主語+will+其他”，此句式相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。例如:Turn left and you will find the post office.向左轉(zhuǎn)，你就會找到郵局的。知識點(diǎn)3從屬連詞的用法序號分類從屬連詞例句1引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句since自從，until/till直到，after在之后，before在之前，when當(dāng)時(shí)候，while當(dāng)時(shí)侯，as soon as一就，whenever無論何時(shí)Ill tell him the good news as soon as he es back.他一回來我就告訴他這個(gè)好消息。When I arrived there, it was raining.當(dāng)我到那里時(shí)，天正在下雨。2引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句if如果，unless除非，as/so long as只要If you go shopping with me, Ill buy you a pair of shoes.如果你和我一起去購物，我就會給你買一雙鞋。3引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句so that以便，in order that為了, incase以防Give me your phone number so that I can call you back.告訴我你的電話號碼，這樣我就可以給你回電話了。4引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句so that所以，sothat如此以致，such.that如此以致He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.這個(gè)男孩如此小，無法去上學(xué)。5引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句because因?yàn)?，since因?yàn)?，as因?yàn)镮 cant get to sleep because it is too noisy outside.由于外面聲音太嘈雜，我睡不著。6引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句though盡管。although盡管，eVen if/though即使Thought he is very old，he still teaches himself English.盡管他年齡很大，他仍然自學(xué)英語。7引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句as正如，as if/though好像He stared at me as if he saw me for the first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。8引導(dǎo)地A狀語從句where在的地方，wherever無論何地We must camp where we can get water.我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。9引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句as/so. as像一樣，than比Not all events in history are as terrible as this，of course.當(dāng)然，歷史上不是所有的事件都像這個(gè)這樣糟糕。1. so that表示結(jié)果和目的的用法區(qū)別:引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，表示“以便，為了”，從句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等詞;引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，從句中一般不用can和may等詞，在so that前可以用逗號，意思是“因此，所以”。例如:The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.為了能夠在母親節(jié)給她的母親買一份禮物，小男孩存下了每一分錢。(目的狀語從句)The girl was very hungry so that she ate the wholepizza.那個(gè)女孩非常餓以至于她吃了一整個(gè)比薩餅。(結(jié)果狀語從句)2. whether與if的用法區(qū)別:用作從屬連詞時(shí).whether和if都意為“是否”。一般情況下，二者可以互換。但以下幾種情況中只能用whether：與動詞不定式連用時(shí)。例如:I couldnt decide whether to go.我不確定是否要去引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句時(shí)。例如:There has been no news about whether they havefinished their work.仍然沒有他們是否已經(jīng)完成工作的消息。引導(dǎo)主語從句且里于句首時(shí)。例如:Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假還是個(gè)問題。引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)。例如:The question is whether it will rain.問題是會不會下雨。引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)。例如There is a doubt whether he is fit for the job.他是否勝任這份工作還有疑問。與or not直接連用時(shí)。例如Let me know whetheror not you can win the game.請讓我知道你是否能移獲勝。3. though與although的用法區(qū)別:用作連詞，表示“雖然”，兩者含義相同，可換用，although比though更為正式。例如:Though/Although we are poor, we are still happy.我們雖然窮，仍然很快樂。用作副詞，though可用作副詞，一般放在句末，意為“可是，不過”;although不用作副詞。例如:Its hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦，可是我樂意干。用于短語，在as though(好像，仿佛),even though(即使，縱然)等固定短語中不能用although.用于倒裝，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可用倒裝的形式(注意:倒裝后位于句首的名詞之前不用冠詞)，但although一般不這樣用。例如:Child though he was, he did quite well.他雖是個(gè)孩子，但干得很好。4. till與until的用法區(qū)別:這兩個(gè)詞都意為“直到，一直為止”，表示一個(gè)動作持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻或另一動作發(fā)生為止，其后的詞或從句表示這段時(shí)間的終點(diǎn).在句首時(shí)只能用until。在肯定句中，句子(或主句)與延續(xù)性動詞連用。在否定句中，句子(或主句)可以和非廷續(xù)動詞連用，這時(shí)。until和before近義，表示直到才”。例如:He didnt go to sleep until 12 last night.他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺。Her mother couldnt buy him a piano until he was seven.直到她七歲.她媽媽才有能力給她買一架鋼琴。知識點(diǎn)4常見連詞的用法辨析1.when，while，與aswhenwhen既可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間段，其引導(dǎo)的從句中的動詞可以是非延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動詞引導(dǎo)的從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest. (finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會兒。whilewhile只指時(shí)間段，其引導(dǎo)的從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞；while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程中或主從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。While we were swimming，they were reading books.我們在游泳，他們在讀書。asas表示“一邊一邊，與同時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件也在進(jìn)行中。As the day went on，the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。When/While/As we were dancing，a strangercame in. ( dance為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。【知識拓展】1. when有時(shí)作并列連詞用，相當(dāng)于at that/this time，意為“就在這/那時(shí)”，而不是“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。例如:A girl was walking along the street, when she met her friend一個(gè)女孩正在街上走著，這時(shí)，她遇到了她的朋友。2. while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句和從句均可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如:I was drawing while my brother was reading.我在畫畫的時(shí)候，我弟弟在讀書。2.because，since，與asbecausebecause是從屬連詞，表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)，常用來回答由why引導(dǎo)的問句，其從句的位里通常在主句的后面。He has to leave because it is too late.因?yàn)樘砹?，他不得不走。He didnt go to school because he was ill.他因?yàn)樯]有去上學(xué)。sincesince是從屬連詞.語氣比as稍強(qiáng)，不表示直接的或根本的原因，而是一種已知的或非常顯然的理由，since引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于主句之前。Since everyone is here, lets start.既然大家那到齊了，我們就出發(fā)吧!Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it.既然你不感興趣，那找就不告訴你了。asAs是從屬連詞，表示原因時(shí)，語氣最弱，所說的原因比較明顯或是是已知的事實(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于主句之前。We all like her as she is kind.我們都喜歡她，因?yàn)樗屏肌s you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.因?yàn)槟悴荒芑卮?也許我們該問別的人。【知識拓展】for也可表示原因，但它是并列連詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)間接原因和理由，是對前面的分句加以解釋或表示推斷的原因。for所連接的分句通常位于句尾，前面用逗號分開。例如:There must be in the classroom now, for the light is still on.教室里現(xiàn)在一定有人，因?yàn)闊暨€亮。粉。3.suchthat與sothatsuchthatsuch為形容詞，后接名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三種情況:such + a(an) + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such + adj+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such +adj+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句He was such an honest man that he waspraised by theteacher.他非常誠實(shí)，因而受到了老師的表揚(yáng)。Theyare such interesting movies that I want to watch them once again這些電影非常有趣，我想再看一遍。He has made such great progressthat the manager is pleasedwith him.他進(jìn)步得很快，經(jīng)理對他感到很滿意。sothatso為副詞，與形容詞或副詞連用其結(jié)構(gòu)是:so+adj (adv.)+that從句so+adj. +a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句This is so interesting a book that we all like reading it.這本書是如此有趣以至于我們都喜歡看。John ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with her.約翰跑得那么快，我趕不上她?！疽族e(cuò)警示】1.當(dāng)名詞前面有many, much,few, little等表示數(shù)量多少的限定詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該用so，而不能用such。例如Ive had so many falls that Imblack and blue all over.我跌倒了好多次，以至于我的全身青一塊紫一塊。Peter drank so much wineyesterday that he felt terrible.昨天彼得喝了那么多的酒，以至于他感覺不舒服。2.當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞時(shí)，既可用so，也可用such，但不定冠詞的位置卻有所不同。如:This is such an important meeting that you shouldattend it.(=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.)這是一次很重要的會議，你一定要參加。考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1考查并列連詞and(龍東中考)To make our dreams e true, we should have aims_ then try our best to achieve itA. and B. but C. or【解析】選A?？蘸缶渥映薪忧懊娴膬?nèi)容,表示順承關(guān)系，用并列連詞and?？键c(diǎn)2考查并列連詞or2.(赤峰中考)Hurry up, _ youll be late for school.A. but B. and C. or D. then【解析】選C。or可用于句式“祈使句+or+主語+will+其他”中，表示“否則”，故此處要用or3. (平?jīng)鲋锌?Which do you prefer to use to municate with your friends, QQ_ MSN?A. and B. nor C. or D. so【解析】選C。該句為選擇疑問句，連詞or意為“或者”，表示選擇關(guān)系?？键c(diǎn)3 考查并列連詞but4.(上海中考)-Would you like to go to the cartoon show with me? -It sounds like fun，_ Im too busy. A. so B. for C. or D. but 【解析】選D。答語后半句話表示轉(zhuǎn)折，but表示“但是”，符合題意。 考點(diǎn)4考查并列連詞eitheror5.(呼和浩特中考)一Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?一I may live _ in a hotel_ in a friends house.A. both; and B. .either; or C. neithernor D.not onlybut also【解析】選B。答句中兩者為選擇關(guān)系，表示“或者或者”,故用either. .or.結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c(diǎn)5考查并列連詞so6.(德州中考)-Are you going out, Mike? Its really late now. -Its the last day to buy tickets to the xx FIFA World Cup in Brazil, _ I must go now. A. if B. or C. so D. though 【解析】選C。由答語可知，空后句子表示結(jié)果，故用so“因此”。考點(diǎn)6考查從屬連詞until7.(來賓中考)I didnt know the news_ you told me. Thank you for telling that.A. unless B. though C. until D. while【解析】選C。句意為:直到你告訴我,我才知道這個(gè)消息。此處為“not. .until. .”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到才”?？键c(diǎn)7考查從屬連詞as soon as8.(赤峰中考)-Will you please give this message to Helen?-Sure. Ill give it to her _ she arrived here.A. Until B. although C. before D. as soon as【解析】選D, 此處意為“她一來我就給她as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，符合句意。考點(diǎn)8考查從屬連詞as long as 9。(邢州中考)一We will certainly enter a good high school_ we work hard 一Yes. Our dream will e true by working hard.A .as soon as B. as long as C. as far as D. even if【解析】選B。句意為:只要我們努力學(xué)習(xí)、我們肯定能進(jìn)人一所優(yōu)秀的高中。as long as意為只要”,條件狀語從句，符合句意?？键c(diǎn)9考查從屬連詞so that10. (濱州中考)The teacher asked me to read aloud_ all the students could hear me.A. so that B. for C. because D. in order to【解析】選A so that意為“以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。句意為“老師讓我大聲朗讀以便所有學(xué)生都能聽到. for意為“因?yàn)椤? because意為“因?yàn)椤?in order to意為“為了”，其后接動詞原形?？键c(diǎn)10考查從屬連詞because11. （黔西南中考)He didnt go to school yesterday_ he was ill A. because B. because of C. if D.so【解析I選A because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“因?yàn)椤?，符合題意。Because of后接名詞、代詞或動名詞; if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;so表示結(jié)果。故選A 考點(diǎn)11考查從屬連詞although/though12.(天津中考)_ he was very tired, he continued working in his office.A. Since B. Although C. As soon asD. Because【解析】選B。句意為:盡管很累，他還是繼續(xù)在辦公室工作。although意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。13. (xx衡陽)_we felt tired._ we felt happy. A. Though; but B. If; but C. Though;/ 解析I選C although/though不能與but連用，排除A項(xiàng);if意為“如果”，含義不對，排除B項(xiàng);though意 為“盡管”，符合句意，第二空不填，故選C考點(diǎn)12考查從屬連詞than14.(宜昌中考)-What would you do for your dad on Fathers Day?-I prefer to take him for a trip_ buy him gifts. A.in order to B. no more than C. rather than D. according to【解析】選C。答句意為:我更愿意帶他去旅游而不愿給他買禮物。Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”，符合題意。故選C 15.(東營中考)It is better to travel 10,000 miles_ to read 10,000 books. A. as B. but C. nor D. than 【解析】選D。句意為:讀萬卷書不如行萬里路?？崭袂昂鬄楸容^關(guān)系，用連詞than.