天津市高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 單項填空 專題三 形容詞和副詞課件

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1、專題三形容詞和副詞專題三形容詞和副詞-2-考情概覽1.考查形容詞和副詞及其短語的詞義辨析。高考命題者對形容詞的考查主要是設(shè)置較長的題干,考查在具體語境中辨析詞義的能力。對于副詞主要考查以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞,程度副詞和表達行文邏輯、起銜接作用的副詞。2.考查形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級。命題者設(shè)置巧妙的語境,題干中信息含蓄,沒有明顯的標志詞,考生只有理解句子含義,明確比較范圍,才能得到正確的答案。-3-考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析詞義辨析是高考對形容詞、副詞考查的一大熱點。解答此類題的關(guān)鍵是理解所給形容詞、副詞的詞義,認真分析具體的語境,結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案

2、。從近幾年全國及各省市高考試題來看,考查頻率最高的形容詞和副詞有otherwise,however,nevertheless,instead,merely,even,interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,common,effective,either,ever,fair,seldom,always,rare,never,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。-4-考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五

3、【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,3)I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment.Im sorry,but he is not at the moment,for the meeting hasnt ended.A.busyB.activeC.concernedD.available答案為D項。句意:我想見懷特先生,我們有約定。抱歉,他現(xiàn)在沒有空,因為會議還沒有結(jié)束。busy“繁忙的”;active“積極的”;concerned“擔心的”;available“有空的;可得到的”。故選D項。-5-考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五(2016浙江卷,13)

4、A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, if you are travelling at high speed.A.eventuallyB.strangelyC.merelyD.especially答案為D項。句意:突然制動是很嚇人的經(jīng)歷,特別是你正在高速行駛的時候。根據(jù)句意,選especially “特別,尤其”。eventually“最后”;strangely“奇怪地”;merely“僅僅”。-6-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.對兩者進行同等程度的比較用“as+原級+as”句型。當as .as 中間有

5、名詞時采用“as+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+as”和“as+many/much+名詞+as”的形式。如:This is as good an example as the other is.2.對兩者進行不同程度的比較用“not as/so+原級+as”句型。如:He cannot run so/as fast as you.3.表示前者的程度超過后者時用“比較級+than”句型。如:Tom works harder than Peter.He is more diligent than his brother.4.表示前者的程度不如后者時用“l(fā)ess+原級+than”句型。如:This b

6、ook is less interesting than that one.-7-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四5.“比較級+and+比較級”可用來表示“越來越”。如:It is becoming colder and colder.6.“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越,就越”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.7.要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。如:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.(對)The population of Shanghai is la

7、rger than Beijing.(錯)8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。如:He is cleverer/more clever than his brother.(對)He is more cleverer than his brother.(錯)-8-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四9.要避免將主語含在比較對象中。如:China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.(對)China is larger than any country in Asia.(錯)-9-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四【典例分析】

8、(2016浙江卷,18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years.A.little more B.no moreC.much more D.many more答案為D項。前面提到的名詞events是可數(shù)名詞,因此不能用little和much去修飾,故排除A、C兩項。根據(jù)語境,“我”一直喜歡這些活動,應(yīng)該希望未來幾年繼續(xù)參加更多(類似的活動)。后半句補全以后應(yīng)該是I hope to attend many more such events in the c

9、oming years。故選D項。-10-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are meaningful things to do.A.lessB.moreC.the least D.the most答案為B項。less“更少的”;more“更多的”;the least“最小的,最少的”;the most“最多的”。句意:我認為每天晚上看電視是浪費時間有更多有意義的事情去做。故選B項。-11-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四 特別提醒我們在解考查比較級和最高級的題目時,分清比較的范圍

10、是關(guān)鍵:(1)兩個事物進行比較應(yīng)用比較級,三個或三個以上的事物進行比較應(yīng)用最高級。做題時既要通過分析數(shù)量關(guān)系確定使用比較級還是最高級,又要注意通過句意和語境進行判斷,因為很多題目并沒有直接說明是幾者進行比較,而是把數(shù)量隱含在句意中。(2)若題目為省略句,應(yīng)根據(jù)語境和語意尋找被比較的對象,然后確定比較的范圍。-12-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四比較級和最高級前的狀語1.比較級前常用表示程度的副詞(短語)做狀語,常見的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來修飾比

11、較級。如:He is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I.2.比較級前還常用名詞、數(shù)詞和倍數(shù)做狀語。如:We have a third as many students as we had last term.The river is three times as long as that one.3.最高級常用by far/much或序數(shù)詞做狀語。如:The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.-13-

12、考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四【典例分析】 (2017天津南開區(qū)二模,8)How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected.A.even much interestingB.far more interestingC.so far interestingD.far from interesting答案為B項。句意:你認為你在2016年夏天的水上樂園之旅怎么樣?我非常享受那次旅行。它比我預(yù)期的要有趣得多。根據(jù)句意可知,空處表示“

13、有趣得多”,形容詞interesting的比較級為more interesting,修飾形容詞的比較級可用far或much等,故選B項。-14-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四特別提醒比較句型中用名詞、數(shù)詞和倍數(shù)做狀語時,一定要把這些狀語放在比較級前或同級比較的第一個as前。-15-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四比較級的否定1.not用來否定比較級時,只陳述客觀事實,即“not+比較級+than .”表示“不比”。如:Jim is not taller than Daming.2.no用來否定比較級時,往往帶有感情色彩,對比較的兩者都否定,即“no+比較級+than .”表示“和一樣不”。如:T

14、he patient is no better than he was yesterday.Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.3.“否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+名詞”或“否定詞+比較級”表示“從未,未曾”,常常表達最高級的意義。如:This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.-16-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四【典例分析】 (2017天津高考壓軸卷,25)Grandma does all her own shopping and

15、 cookingI have never seen aged person.A.an independentB.a more independentC.the most independentD.the more independent答案為B項。句意:奶奶自己購物做飯,我從沒見過比她更獨立的老年人。否定詞加比較級表示最高級的意思,修飾可數(shù)名詞person且表示泛指,用a, 故選B項。-17-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四常用連接性副詞1.besides“另外,此外”,表示遞進關(guān)系。2.however“然而”,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。常用逗號與句子的其他部分隔開。3.though“然而,可是”,表

16、示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。做副詞時,用于句末。4.moreover“另外”,表示承接關(guān)系。5.anyway“無論如何,不管怎樣”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。6.therefore“因此,所以”,表示結(jié)果。7.meanwhile “在此期間”,表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。8.instead“相反”,表示動作相反。-18-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點四【典例分析】 By accepting lower prices,organizers can sell tickets that would go unsold.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.insteadD.however答案為B項。句意:組織者通過降低價格出

17、售那些否則就會賣不出去的票。therefore“因此,所以”;otherwise“否則,要不然”;instead“代替,而不是”;however“然而”。根據(jù)句意選B項。-19-1.(2017江蘇卷,29)Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smart-phones defeated PCs in sales.A.controversialB.contradictoryC.confidentialD.conventional解析 句意:史蒂夫喬布斯死后僅五年,智能手機在銷量上就擊敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦。controversial“有爭議的”;contrad

18、ictory“矛盾的”;confidential“秘密的”;conventional“傳統(tǒng)的”。故選D項。2.(2017江蘇卷,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But explanations are hard to find.A.alternativeB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.apparent 解析 句意:恐龍的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。但是很難找到其他的解釋。alternative“其他的,替代的”;aggressive“

19、侵略的”;ambiguous“含糊的”;apparent“顯而易見的”。故選A項。DA-20-3.(2017天津南開區(qū)四模,2)As economy is declining,jobs to the young continue to be scarce.A.availableB.convenientC.comfortableD.valuable解析 句意:隨著經(jīng)濟的衰退,可供年輕人選擇的工作仍然很稀缺。available “可供選擇的”,與句意相符,故選A項。convenient“便利的”;comfortable“舒適的”;valuable“有價值的”。 4.(2017天津紅橋區(qū)上學(xué)期期中,

20、6)Do you think Mr.Wang is a serious teacher?Absolutely.He tells jokes in his classes.A.suddenlyB.occasionallyC.rarelyD.frequently解析 句意:你認為王老師是個很嚴肅的老師嗎?確實是這樣。他很少在班上開玩笑。由Absolutely及句意可知,此處應(yīng)選C項,rarely“極少地,罕見地”。suddenly“突然地”;occasionally“偶爾地”; frequently “頻繁地”。A C-21-5.(2017天津紅橋區(qū)上學(xué)期期中,10)A man,called Ki

21、dul,in Indonesia,has kept awake for over 40 years.My God!How could he work or live a life?A.usualB.commonC.formal D.normal解析 句意:在印度尼西亞,有一位叫Kidul的男子連續(xù)四十年沒有睡覺。我的天哪!他是怎么工作、怎么過正常的生活的啊?normal “正常的”,與句意相符,故選D項。usual“通常的”;common“普通的”;formal“正式的”。D-22-6.(2017天津河西區(qū)三模,3)Considering the different demands of th

22、e students,the school has adopted a more approach to education.A.flexibleB.independentC.responsibleD.considerate解析 句意:考慮到學(xué)生的不同需求,這所學(xué)校已采用一種更為靈活的教學(xué)方式。flexible“靈活的”,符合句意,故選A項。independent“獨立的”;responsible“有責任的”;considerate“考慮周到的”。A-23-7.(2017天津河西區(qū)三模,9)Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agri

23、culture and food chain,and to human health.A.frequentlyB.significantlyC.steadilyD.consequently解析 句意:化學(xué)污染會對農(nóng)業(yè)和食物鏈造成威脅,因而危及人的健康。consequently“結(jié)果,因此”,符合句意,故選D項。frequently“頻繁地”;significantly“顯著地”;steadily“穩(wěn)定地”。8.(2017天津和平區(qū)學(xué)業(yè)水平考查模擬,9)The film is really boring.It was Ive ever seen.A.most boring filmB.the m

24、ore boring filmC.the film more boringD.the most boring film解析 句意:這部電影真無聊。它是我看過的最無聊的電影。由Ive ever seen可知此處應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級修飾名詞film,且最高級前應(yīng)加定冠詞the,故選D項。DD-24-9.(2017天津和平區(qū)上學(xué)期期末,9)Mr.Black has made great achievements in science,but he remains and never talks about them.A.silentB.modestC.calmD.active解析 句意:布萊克先生已

25、經(jīng)取得了很大的科學(xué)成就,但是他仍然保持謙虛的態(tài)度,從不提起這些成就。modest“謙虛的”,符合句意,故選B項。silent“沉默的”;calm“鎮(zhèn)定的”;active“活潑的”。10.(2017天津和平區(qū)一模,14)They carry out checks on milk products to make sure that they are of high quality.A.commonB.naturalC.ordinary D.regular解析 句意:他們對奶產(chǎn)品進行定期檢查,以確保其高質(zhì)量。regular “定期的”,與句意相符,故選D項。common“普通的;共同的”;natu

26、ral “自然的”;ordinary“普通的,平常的”。BD-25-11.(2016江蘇卷,31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.A.explicit B.ambiguousC.original D.arbitrary解析 句意:他全面的調(diào)查已經(jīng)為這些數(shù)據(jù)是如何收集、以及在什么基礎(chǔ)上收集的提供了最明確的說明。explicit“明確的”,與句意相符,故選A項。ambiguous“模糊的”;original “原始的”;ar

27、bitrary“任意的”。12.It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.A.carelessB.considerateC.patientD.generous解析 句意:邁克爾想得很周到,他通知我們他耽擱的事情,以免我們擔心。considerate “考慮周詳?shù)?體貼的”,故B項符合句意。careless“粗心的”;patient“耐心的”;generous“慷慨大方的”。AB-26-13.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ r

28、eview of the case.A.comprehensive B.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial解析 句意:警方?jīng)Q定對這個案件進行一次徹底而又全面的審查。comprehensive“全面的,無所不包的,詳盡的”;complicated“復(fù)雜的”; conscious “神志清醒的”;crucial“至關(guān)重要的,關(guān)鍵的”。與thorough并列時,comprehensive最符合句意。14.Im so to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.A.speci

29、al B.superiorC.gratefulD.attractive解析 句意:我非常感激那些志愿者們,因為他們讓我那糟糕的一天有了一個快樂的結(jié)尾。grateful“心存感激的”;special“特別的”; superior “出眾的”;attractive“吸引人的”,C項符合句意。AC-27-15.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got.A.a better B.the betterC.a bestD.the best解析 從he has ever got來判斷,比較的范疇是三個或三個以上,所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級,并且形容詞

30、的最高級前用定冠詞the,故選D項。句意:安迪對這個玩具很滿意。這是他曾經(jīng)收到的最好的玩具了。16.The girl used to be shy,but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.A.graduallyB.usuallyC.previouslyD.merely解析 句意:這個女孩過去很靦腆,但現(xiàn)在逐漸地積極參加集體活動,也更樂意表達自己了。gradually“逐漸地”;usually“通常地”; previously“先前,事先”;merely“僅僅”。根據(jù)句意可知選A項。DA

31、-28-17.Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes.I have never been to one before.A.a more excitedB.a more excitingC.the most excited D.the most exciting解析 句意:你在晚會上玩得高興嗎?是的。這是我參加過的最令人興奮的晚會?！癮+比較級+名詞”意為“一個更的”。這里比較級與否定詞連用表達最高級。18. Fitness is important in sport,but of at least importance are skills.A.equa

32、lB.reasonableC.fairD.proper解析 句意:體格對運動來說很重要,但是技能至少也是同樣的重要。equal“相等的”;reasonable“合理的”;fair“公平的”;proper“恰當?shù)摹?。BA-29-19.The reason why her son is always thin is that he is about what he eats.A.curiousB.concernedC.particularD.crazy解析 句意:她兒子總是很瘦的原因是他對吃飯很挑剔。be curious about“對好奇”;be concerned about “關(guān)心”;be

33、particular about “對挑剔”;be crazy about“熱衷于”。20.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only beaten.A.nearlyB.slightlyC.narrowlyD.lightly解析 句意:這場籃球賽的最終比分是93-94。我們僅僅是惜敗。nearly“幾乎”;slightly“稍微地”;narrowly“勉強地”;lightly“輕輕地”。CC-30-21.When a customer withdraws money from the bank,it is req

34、uired to leave his signature.But how can we be sure it is ?A.absoluteB.alternativeC.academicD.authentic解析 句意:客戶在銀行取款時需要留下簽名,但我們?nèi)绾文艽_信簽名是真實的?absolute“絕對的”;alternative“可供選擇的”;academic“學(xué)術(shù)的,純理論的”;authentic“真實的”。根據(jù)but的轉(zhuǎn)折可知,銀行要求簽名為的是確認取錢人員的可靠性,但我們無法確信留下的簽名是否“真實”。故D項正確。D-31-22.Do you have the time?Yes.But m

35、y watch is not very .A.efficientB.temporaryC.properD.accurate解析 句意:你知道幾點鐘了嗎?是的。但我的表不是很精準。efficient“高效的”;temporary“暫時的”;proper“恰當?shù)?合適的”; accurate“準確的,精確的”。根據(jù)句意選D項。23.You havent changed at allyou still look the same as before.A.actuallyB.hardlyC.properlyD.exactly解析 句意:你根本沒有變,看起來仍然和以前一模一樣。actually“實際上”

36、;hardly“幾乎不,簡直不”;properly“合適地”; exactly“恰恰是”。根據(jù)句意選D項。DD-32-24.My teacher speaks English well indeed,but of course not a native speaker.A.as fluent asB.more fluent thanC.so fluently asD.much fluently than解析 句意:我的老師的英語說得的確好,但當然還是不如以英語為母語的人講得流利。由于修飾動詞speaks,故用副詞fluently;又因是否定句,故用not so .as .結(jié)構(gòu)。25.According to the data from Robbs studies,men produce slightly speech.But no sex difference in the reading task was found.A.clearest B.clearC.clearly D.clearer解析 句意:羅伯的研究數(shù)據(jù)表明,男性的語言表達更清楚一些。但是在閱讀任務(wù)中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)性別方面的差異。這里是在男性和女性之間進行的比較,故用形容詞的比較級clearer做speech的定語。CD