高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法復(fù)習(xí) 代詞課件 新人教版

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1、第二部分第二部分 重要語法重要語法名師名師指津指津代詞就是用來代替上文中已提及的人代詞就是用來代替上文中已提及的人或物的詞，在上下句或上下文中起語義之或物的詞，在上下句或上下文中起語義之間的銜接作用，所以代詞非常適合在語篇間的銜接作用，所以代詞非常適合在語篇中進(jìn)行考查，這也就不難解釋為什么代詞中進(jìn)行考查，這也就不難解釋為什么代詞幾乎每年必考了。此處只歸納在句中作主幾乎每年必考了。此處只歸納在句中作主語或賓語的代詞，這類代詞七年中共考了語或賓語的代詞，這類代詞七年中共考了8道題。道題。代代 詞詞u請(qǐng)做下列廣東高考真題：請(qǐng)做下列廣東高考真題： 1. (2012) Mary will never f

2、orget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?”the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.“Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.”真題再練真

3、題再練The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. Then he took _ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool”. 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：them 句子句子took后缺少賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；根據(jù)后缺少賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；根據(jù)語境可知，要求填的代詞是指前文的語境可知，要求填的代詞是指前文的those glasses，是指代物、，是指代物、又是復(fù)數(shù)、作賓語，故填賓格代詞又是復(fù)

4、數(shù)、作賓語，故填賓格代詞them。2. (2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：they 在并列謂語在并列謂語walked away and sat的前的前面顯然缺主語，作主語要用代詞；根據(jù)上下文，不難推出走開坐面顯然缺主語，作主語要用代詞；根據(jù)上下文，不難推出走開坐到到“我我”附近的應(yīng)是他后面的那些人，即附近的應(yīng)是他后面的那些人，即other

5、people，指人，指人，是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語，應(yīng)當(dāng)填是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語，應(yīng)當(dāng)填they。3. (2011) I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made _ of us

6、feel good. 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：both 因因made后缺賓語后缺賓語, 用代用代詞詞; 由上文由上文 “I sat next to the man We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation”可知可知, 指作者和那指作者和那個(gè)智障人個(gè)智障人“兩個(gè)人兩個(gè)人”，故填，故填both。4. (2010) He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like_?”思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：it 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞like

7、(喜歡喜歡)后缺賓語后缺賓語,應(yīng)填代詞的賓應(yīng)填代詞的賓格形式；指前面提到的格形式；指前面提到的“水水(the water)”，應(yīng)填，應(yīng)填it。5. (2009)Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：it 在及物動(dòng)詞在及物動(dòng)詞remembered后的后的how引導(dǎo)一個(gè)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句；賓語從句；how difficult(多么難多么難)是作形容詞作表

8、語，這里提前是作形容詞作表語，這里提前了；動(dòng)詞了；動(dòng)詞was的前面顯然缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，的前面顯然缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，填填it,在賓語從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是在賓語從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是to choose。6. (2009)She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please_ .思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥： him 給父親

9、買禮物，根據(jù)常識(shí)應(yīng)是使父親高給父親買禮物，根據(jù)常識(shí)應(yīng)是使父親高興，作興，作please(使高興使高興)的賓語用賓格人稱代詞，故填的賓語用賓格人稱代詞，故填him。7. (2008) It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _ day and night. 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥： it 因介詞因介詞about后缺賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句意后缺賓語，應(yīng)填代詞

10、；由句意或前后邏輯可知，應(yīng)填或前后邏輯可知，應(yīng)填it，指代前文中的，指代前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。8. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused_ .思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥： her 因因(that) I had caused是定語從句，先行是定語從句，先行詞是詞是trouble, 代表先行詞代表先行詞trouble的關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語，在從句中作賓語，被省略了；由搭配被省略了；由搭配cause sb. trouble (

11、=cause trouble for sb.給某人給某人造成麻煩造成麻煩) 可知，填可知，填her。年份年份答案答案具體考點(diǎn)具體考點(diǎn)題數(shù)題數(shù)201302012them人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格12011they人稱代詞主格人稱代詞主格2both不定代詞作賓語不定代詞作賓語2010it指代前面的物指代前面的物12009it形式主語形式主語2him人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格2008it指代前面的事指代前面的事12007her人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格1考情分析考情分析除除2013年外，每年年外，每年12題，七題，七年年8道題中，人稱代詞道題中，人稱代詞6題，不定代題，不定代詞詞1題，形式主語題，形式主語

12、(it)1題。題。1.純空格的語法填空題，當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時(shí)，填代詞。純空格的語法填空題，當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時(shí)，填代詞。因?yàn)樵诰渲谐洚?dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空因?yàn)樵诰渲谐洚?dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺少主語或的純空格中是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺少主語或賓語，就該填代詞。賓語，就該填代詞。解題技巧解題技巧 從上述考點(diǎn)分析，我們知道，重點(diǎn)考查人稱從上述考點(diǎn)分析，我們知道，重點(diǎn)考查人稱代詞，其次是不定代詞以及作形式主語或形式賓代詞，其次是不定代詞以及作形式主語或形式賓語的語的it。解這類題時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：解這類題時(shí)

13、注意以下幾點(diǎn)：2.在確定填代詞后，再根據(jù)語境，弄清所缺主語或賓語具在確定填代詞后，再根據(jù)語境，弄清所缺主語或賓語具體指代上文或下文中的具體內(nèi)容，結(jié)合上述幾種代詞的不同意體指代上文或下文中的具體內(nèi)容，結(jié)合上述幾種代詞的不同意義和用法，確定填具體哪個(gè)代詞。在選擇代詞時(shí)，我們要從人義和用法，確定填具體哪個(gè)代詞。在選擇代詞時(shí)，我們要從人稱、性別、數(shù)量等方面進(jìn)行考慮，是指代人還是指代物，是男稱、性別、數(shù)量等方面進(jìn)行考慮，是指代人還是指代物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。3.熟記一些習(xí)慣的搭配，如熟記一些習(xí)慣的搭配，如someothers, those who, by myself等

14、。等。代詞在語法填空中是通過純空格形式來考查的，從往年的代詞在語法填空中是通過純空格形式來考查的，從往年的高考題來看，代詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括以下幾方面：高考題來看，代詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括以下幾方面： 1.人稱代詞人稱代詞在句中作主語用主格：在句中作主語用主格：(單數(shù)單數(shù))I , you, he, she, it； (復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))we, you, they；作賓語用賓格：（單數(shù)）作賓語用賓格：（單數(shù)）me, you, him, her, it；(復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)) us, you, them。考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納2.反身代詞反身代詞(至今未考至今未考)在句中作賓語；或者作主語或賓語的同位在句中作賓語；或者作主語或賓語

15、的同位 語語, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，但不能單獨(dú)作主語，相當(dāng)于但不能單獨(dú)作主語，相當(dāng)于“親自；本人親自；本人”：(單數(shù)單數(shù))myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself; (復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))ourselves, yourselves, themselves。3.名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞(至今未考至今未考)相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞+名詞名詞”，在句中作主語、賓，在句中作主語、賓語、表語：語、表語：(單數(shù)單數(shù))mine, yours, his, hers, its; (復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))ours, yours, theirs。4.在句中作主語或

16、賓語的不定代詞在句中作主語或賓語的不定代詞表示兩者或多者的有表示兩者或多者的有both, either, neither, all, any, none；復(fù)合不定代詞有復(fù)合不定代詞有anything, anyone, anybody, something, someone, somebody, nothing, nobody等；替代詞有等；替代詞有it, that, one, those等。等。5. 指示代詞指示代詞(至今未考至今未考)主要有主要有this, these, that, those等。等。6. it的用法的用法(1)指前面已提到的事物、想法或情況等。指前面已提到的事物、想法或情況

17、等。(2)指時(shí)間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等。指時(shí)間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等。(3)作形式主語或形式賓語。作形式主語或形式賓語。(4)用于用于it isthat強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。注：注：1.形容詞性物主代詞和作定語時(shí)的不定代詞等，我們形容詞性物主代詞和作定語時(shí)的不定代詞等，我們將其歸納在將其歸納在“限定詞限定詞”一章之中。一章之中。2.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞和引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞和引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞也都可以在句中作主語和賓語，但我們將其歸納在連詞一章。也都可以在句中作主語和賓語，但我們將其歸納在連詞一章。u 一、單句填空一、單句填空1. (2013浙江卷浙江卷)Half

18、of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friends to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.those 作介詞作介詞of的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句意可知，是指在的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句意可知，是指在16個(gè)國個(gè)國家所調(diào)查的家所調(diào)查的“那些人那些人”中有一半說他們首先去找最親密的朋友中有一半說他們首先去找最親密的朋友分享他們內(nèi)心深處的愿望和恐懼；指分享他們內(nèi)心深處的愿望和恐懼；指“那些人那些人”，用，用those。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 2. (2013天津卷天

19、津卷)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _described in this magazine. those 作介詞作介詞to的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；后面的的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；后面的described in this magazine是過去分詞作定語，所填代詞應(yīng)替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞是過去分詞作定語，所填代詞應(yīng)替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞the machines，即這本雜志中所描述的機(jī)器，故填，即這本雜志中所描述的機(jī)器，故填those。 3. (2013四川卷四川卷)The traffic on the main streets has a longer gr

20、een signal than _ on the small ones. that 在連詞在連詞than后應(yīng)填代詞，作主語；替后應(yīng)填代詞，作主語；替代前面不可數(shù)名詞代前面不可數(shù)名詞the traffic。4. (2013山東卷山東卷) Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. either 作作dont like的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指這兩者中這兩者中“任何一個(gè)任何一個(gè)”都不喜歡。都不喜歡。5. (2013陜西卷陜西卷)Although Rosemary had suffered

21、from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. none 作作lost的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代不可數(shù)名詞的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代不可數(shù)名詞enthusiasm(熱情熱情)中的中的“一點(diǎn)也沒有一點(diǎn)也沒有”, 用用none。 6. (2013課標(biāo)卷課標(biāo)卷II) Its an either or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do_. both 作作do的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；由的賓語，應(yīng)填代

22、詞；由or可知，只能是兩者中任選一可知，只能是兩者中任選一種，不能做這兩件事，即部分否定，是種，不能做這兩件事，即部分否定，是notboth。7. (2013江西卷江西卷) _can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. Nobody 缺主語，填代詞；由缺主語，填代詞；由he可知是指可知是指人，由句意可知是指人，由句意可知是指“沒有任何人沒有任何人”。8. (2013安徽卷安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork. _will be achieved unless we work

23、well together. Nothing 缺主語，填代詞；由句意缺主語，填代詞；由句意“這項(xiàng)這項(xiàng)工作需要團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。如果我們不一起把工工作需要團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。如果我們不一起把工作做好，就不會(huì)有所成就作做好，就不會(huì)有所成就”可知，填可知，填nothing。9. (2012遼寧卷遼寧卷)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get _ for me?one 在在get后作賓語后作賓語, 應(yīng)填代詞應(yīng)填代詞; 指代指代“a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(a paper)”, 應(yīng)填應(yīng)填one。10. (2012全國卷全國卷I) Lar

24、ry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. neither 在在but后的分句中作主語，應(yīng)填代后的分句中作主語，應(yīng)填代詞；由詞；由but可知，可知，Bill 和和Peter兩個(gè)人都不兩個(gè)人都不想去，指想去，指“兩者都不兩者都不”，用，用neither。11. (2011安徽卷安徽卷) Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almo

25、st an overcoat for her.it 作作made的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代前面的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代前面的不可數(shù)名詞的不可數(shù)名詞the hair，用，用it。12. (2011福建卷福建卷) We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. one 作作choose的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指根據(jù)的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指根據(jù)你的興趣，在各種夏令營中選擇一種，即你的興趣，在各種夏令營中選擇一種，即指代指代 “a summer camp”，用，用one。13.

26、(2011上海卷上海卷) To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.another 作作order的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代代“另外一杯另外一杯”，用，用another。 14. (2011北京卷北京卷) The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_.it 作作increase的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代前面的的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指

27、代前面的the employment rate，代替，代替“the +單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”，表示，表示“同一同一”件事或物時(shí)，用件事或物時(shí)，用it。15. (2011江西卷江西卷)Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on? it 作作bring的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；作形式賓的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；作形式賓語用語用it，真正的賓語是后面的，真正的賓語是后面的that從句。從句。16. (2011山東卷山東卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ diffi

28、cult to tell one from the other. it 作作find的賓語的賓語, 應(yīng)填代詞應(yīng)填代詞; 作形式賓語作形式賓語, 真正的賓語是后面的不定式真正的賓語是后面的不定式to tell，故，故填填it。17. (2011天津卷天津卷) We feel _our duty to make our country a better place.it 在在feel后作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后后作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式，故填面的不定式，故填it。 18. (2013茂名二模茂名二模)Then I realized I didnt even know her name.

29、 I asked all of my professors but _knew her name.nobody 因因but后的并列句中缺主語后的并列句中缺主語, 應(yīng)填代詞；根據(jù)前面語境應(yīng)填代詞；根據(jù)前面語境, 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折but可以推出可以推出: “我我”問了問了“我我”的所有教授，但是沒的所有教授，但是沒有人知道她的名字。故填有人知道她的名字。故填nobody。 19. (2012惠州二?；葜荻?I smiled a big smile and_ worked a little, really.it 因因and后的并列句中缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句意或前后邏輯后的并列句中缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞；

30、由句意或前后邏輯可知，應(yīng)填可知，應(yīng)填it，指代前文中的，指代前文中的I smiled a big smile。 20.(2012深圳二模深圳二模)Have you ever lived abroad? When living overseas in a place where people speak a different language, _can be difficult to make yourself understood even in relatively simple but important areas of life, like shopping and getting

31、 around town.it 由于由于can be的前面缺主語的前面缺主語, 應(yīng)填代詞應(yīng)填代詞; 由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 填填it, 在賓語從句中作形式主語在賓語從句中作形式主語, 真正的主語是后面的不定式真正的主語是后面的不定式to make yourself understood even。 21. (2012茂名一模茂名一模) She then told me it was because she loved me and you hug people when you love them. So she opened her arms wide and timidly I o

32、pened _ and we hugged. mine 在在opened后作賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句意或前后邏輯可知后作賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；由句意或前后邏輯可知作者也打開雙臂，替代作者也打開雙臂，替代my arms應(yīng)填名詞性物主代詞應(yīng)填名詞性物主代詞mine。 22. (2010深圳一模深圳一模) “Sir, you didnt even ask the other riders for help, why? What if I had saidno and left you there?”the horseman asked. The old man looked at him straight i

33、n the eyes and said, “I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into _, I saw kindness.” These words touched the rider deeply. yours 代替代替your eyes。23. (2007廣州二模廣州二模) I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breath

34、ing to help relax_.myself 因因relax oneself意為意為“放松自己放松自己”。24. (2008廣州一模廣州一模) At that moment an attractive young lady, who noticed my book, came up to me and introduced _. herself 因因introduce oneself 意為意為“自我自我介紹介紹” 。25. (2013廣州二模廣州二模) Suddenly, a monkey came down from a nearby tree, snatched the book f

35、rom my hand and took _ away, along with my bag which contained all my belongings.it 替代前面的替代前面的the book。 26. (2014肇慶期末肇慶期末)In fact, micro blog _ is of little harm. itself 反身代詞作反身代詞作micro blog的同位的同位語。語。 27. (2012珠海二模珠海二模)But its a tiring job. I have to work whenever there are dogs at home, and no time

36、 to enjoy_.myself 因因enjoy oneself 是固定搭配，表示是固定搭配，表示“玩得愉快玩得愉快”之意。之意。28. (2013佛山一模佛山一模)Ma knows _ the dogs names, and when she calls ones name, the dog instantly knows she is referring to it.all 根據(jù)前文馬文迪有六條狗和后文根據(jù)前文馬文迪有六條狗和后文when she calls ones name，說明她都能叫得出，說明她都能叫得出這六條狗的名字。這六條狗的名字。29. (2014廣州調(diào)研廣州調(diào)研)Howe

37、ver, his fame was not accompanied by money and he found _ necessary to return to farming. it 這里的這里的it作形式賓語，后面的不定式是作形式賓語，后面的不定式是真正賓語。真正賓語。u二、語篇填空二、語篇填空 We were 1._ busy preparing for the opening ceremony of the coming sports meeting these days. This morning, 2._ held a meeting, discussing about buyin

38、g a class uniform for the performance at the ceremony. We reached a quick agreement on the design but 3._ was terribly difficult to decide on its color. allwe itSome students advised red while 4._suggested blue. After a long discussion, we gave up 5._, choosing white instead. In the afternoon, our h

39、eadmaster recommended three online shops to 6._. Unfortunately, the T-shirts in the first shop were a little expensive and 7._ in the others were of poor quality. others bothus those Since the opening ceremony was around the corner, we seemed to have no choice but to choose one of 8._ . Finally, we

40、made a bargain with the boss of the first shop. 9._ agreed on our price, as well as offering two free ones for our teachers, which surprised us greatly. There was no doubt that he became a friend of 10. _after the excellent buy. We could hardly wait for the performance! themHe ours思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)前的講話。運(yùn)

41、動(dòng)會(huì)前的講話。1. all 充當(dāng)充當(dāng)we的同位語，一般放在系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)的同位語，一般放在系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。義動(dòng)詞前。2. we 充當(dāng)主語用主格形式。充當(dāng)主語用主格形式。3. it 作形式主語，代替后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。作形式主語，代替后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。4. others 習(xí)慣搭配：習(xí)慣搭配：some others一些一些人人另外一些人另外一些人。5. both 指代前文中的紅色和藍(lán)色。我們放棄了指代前文中的紅色和藍(lán)色。我們放棄了上述兩者。上述兩者。6. us 作介詞作介詞to的賓語。的賓語。7. those 指代同類事物。另外兩家的指代同類事物。另外兩家的T-shirts質(zhì)量不好，復(fù)數(shù)用質(zhì)量不好，復(fù)數(shù)用those。8. them 從三家中選擇一家，從三家中選擇一家，them指代前文出現(xiàn)過的指代前文出現(xiàn)過的three shops。9. He 指代前文中的網(wǎng)店掌柜指代前文中的網(wǎng)店掌柜the boss，主語用主格。，主語用主格。10.ours 習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配a friend of ours。