2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)自練題 Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 5 First Aid 一、閱讀理解。 According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students.Statistical reports state that only 15% of primary schools and around 10% of secondary schools in the United States have strictly carried out the uniform policy. In recent times it has bee the most debated topic among parents and educators，with many critics stating the fact that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student nor does it considerably reduce inequality among the masses.Students are instructed to follow certain rules：for boys，pants，shirts with turtlenecks，sweaters and jackets are acceptable，while in some schools，shorts are strictly forbidden；similarly，for girls，long skirts，blouses，pants and flatheeled shoes are acceptable. School uniforms in other countries such as Thailand，Indonesia，India and Pakistan were introduced during the British colonial period.In these countries，girls in senior schools usually wear broad trousers and boys wear pants and shirts.In preschool though，girls wear skirts and blouses and boys wear short pants and shirts.In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system.The dress sense closely resembled that of the English students. The purpose of a school uniform is to promote team spirit，discipline and increase equality among all students.Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students.This standardized dress has not helped students remove any barriers and is adding costs to the parents. In many countries，though students wearing uniforms has produced some positive results，in the United States，the implementation(實(shí)施)requires a lot of efforts before we can achieve full success. 1．What does the underlined word “masses” in the second paragraph refer to? A．Schools. B．Parents. C．Students. D．Teachers. 2．What can we know about the uniform system in Australia according to Paragraph 3? A．The uniform system in the public school follows Britain. B．The Australian students dress more casually. C．The uniform system is the same as that in New Zealand. D．Most Australian students wear school uniforms. 3．Whats the intention of school uniforms at first? A．To encourage students to be more diligent. B．To improve students academic achievement. C．To prevent students fighting with each other. D．To promote the equality among students. 4．Whats the attitude of the critics towards school uniforms? A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Negative. D．Factual. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，通過(guò)介紹美國(guó)目前校服的普及情況，討論了校服的作用，最后指出在某些國(guó)家，如美國(guó)，校服制度的實(shí)施還需要努力。 【難句分析】In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system. 分析：本句是復(fù)合句，其中包含了where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，主句運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 譯文：在其他地區(qū)，像英國(guó)實(shí)行過(guò)殖民統(tǒng)治的規(guī)則(仍然)有效的新西蘭和澳大利亞，公立學(xué)校的校服制度仿效英國(guó)的校服制度。 1．C　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)該詞上文的“that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student”和下文的“Students are...rules”可知此處指的是學(xué)生。 2．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system”可知，澳大利亞的公立學(xué)校的校服制度是仿效英國(guó)的。 3．C　考查推理判斷。從文章第一段中的“According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students”可知，穿校服最初的目的是防止學(xué)生之間打架。 4．C　考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students”可知評(píng)論家們對(duì)于校服的態(tài)度是消極的。 二、語(yǔ)法填空。 I was driving home late at night __1__ my car lost momentum (沖力) and got slower and slower. Nothing I did seemed to make any __2__ (different). “It cant be the fuel，” I thought. The petrol gauge (汽油量表) was showing I had plenty __3__ (leave). Then my car died pletely after I __4__ (manage) to roll to the side of the road. It was an extremely dark, lonely country road. Neither a single person __5__ any traffic was in sight at all. I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone.The battery was dead and I was alone without any way __6__ (contact) my family. Time dripped slowly like a leaking tap. “God, help me！” I begged anxiously. “Is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？”__7__ , there was no sign of anyone. I was starting to panic, __8__ (feel) pletely abandoned.Suddenly I saw a faint light __9__ the distance. I waved my white scarf as hard as possible. It was a huge lorry. The driver stopped and kindly drove me to the nearest hotel, __10__ I had a rest, and then I called my family and explained what had happened. How lucky I was! When he stopped for me, I felt as if I had just found a million dollars. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者晚上在駕車回家的路上車子出了故障，被困在鄉(xiāng)村馬路上，最終在好心人的幫助下成功脫困的故事。 1．when　考查連詞?！癰e doing sth. when ... ”為固定句型，意為“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”。故填when。 2．difference　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。make any difference為固定搭配，意為“有任何作用，有任何影響”。故填difference。 3．left　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞leave與plenty(指代汽油)之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用leave的過(guò)去分詞left作后置定語(yǔ)，意為“剩下的，剩余的”。故填left。 4．managed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?？v觀全文可知，整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)以過(guò)去時(shí)為主，故此處也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事。故填managed。 5．nor　考查固定搭配。neither ... nor ... 為固定搭配，意為“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 6．to contact　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。the way to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“做某事的方法”。故填to contact。 7．However　考查副詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者期待有人會(huì)停下來(lái)幫忙，然而，作者卻看不到一個(gè)人影。空格處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，且其后有逗號(hào)，故填However。注意首字母大寫。 8．feeling　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語(yǔ)I和動(dòng)詞feel之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用feel的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填feeling。 9．in　考查介詞。in the distance為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在遠(yuǎn)處”，故填in。 10．where　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞hotel，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表地點(diǎn)。故填where。 三、完形填空。 I lost my flat by accident， and then I discovered my car needed a new engine. That meant I would have to spend ￡ 1，000 to get the car back on the 　1　. I suddenly found that I needed， first， somewhere to 　2　and second， something to travel around　3　. I was trying to decide what to do when I 　4　the advertisement on a board： Converted（改裝過(guò)的） ambulance 　5　， ￡ 1，600. So I rang the number in the ad and 　6　to go and see it. It was love at first sight！ I made a 　7　straight away. Two days later I was the 　8　owner of a converted camper van（野營(yíng)車）. At first I was 　9　. I wasn’t sure whether I could handle it. 　10　， gradually I’ve had feelings that I haven’t 　11　before. Living in my van is just the 　12　of waking up in the morning， and， for the first few seconds， not knowing 　13　you are. Then you look out of the window； some strange trees 　14　you， and some beautiful scenery makes your heart beat 　15　. Living in a flat in the city I missed all that. Now I begin to 　16　what the travelers have been telling us. Living in a van is cheap. No rent. What’s more， there’s the sense of 　17　my new lifestyle has given me. I love being able to go where I want and when I want. It’s 　18　to feel that the whole world is your home. It is no 　19　that so many people are 　20　their houses and going on the road. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇钡能嚢l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壞了，修理費(fèi)很昂貴。偶然間“我”看中了一輛由救護(hù)車改裝的野營(yíng)車，立即買下了它。在這輛車?yán)铮拔摇奔瓤梢跃幼?，又可以旅游，覺(jué)得世界就是家，這種感覺(jué)真好。 1.A.side B．road C.spot D．platform B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“get the car back on the___________ ”可以判斷，此處是說(shuō)，讓“我”的汽車重返上路（road）則要花費(fèi)“我”1 000英鎊。A項(xiàng)意為“旁邊”，C項(xiàng)意為“斑點(diǎn)，污漬”，D項(xiàng)意為“平臺(tái)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 2.A.drive B．relax C.work D．live D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“somewhere”及上文中的“I lost my flat”可以判斷，“我”突然意識(shí)到“我”首先需要有個(gè)地方居?。╨ive），故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“駕駛”，B項(xiàng)意為“放松”，C項(xiàng)意為“工作”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 3.A.for B．through C.in D．a(chǎn)t C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“something to travel around ___________ ”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，“我”還需要有一個(gè)坐在里面（in）駕駛著四處旅游的東西。故C項(xiàng)正確。 4.A.took charge of B．made use of C.got hold of D．caught sight of D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“when I ___________ the advertisement on a board”可知，此處是說(shuō)當(dāng)“我”看到（caught sight of）公告牌上的廣告時(shí)。A項(xiàng)意為“負(fù)責(zé)，控制”，B項(xiàng)意為“利用”，C項(xiàng)意為“抓住，找到”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 5.A.for sale B．on show C.in need D．under repair A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“￡ 1，600”并結(jié)合空前的“advertisement”可知，這輛改裝過(guò)的救護(hù)車是用來(lái)出售（for sale）的，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“在展出”，C項(xiàng)意為“需要”，D項(xiàng)意為“在修理中”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 6.A.failed B．a(chǎn)rranged C.applied D．hesitated B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“to go and see it”及后一句“It was love at first sight！”可知，“我”打進(jìn)電話，并安排（arranged）時(shí)間去看看。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”，C項(xiàng)意為“申請(qǐng)”，D項(xiàng)意為“猶豫”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 7.A.difference B．suggestion C.decision D．ment C　解析：根據(jù)前一句“It was love at first sight！”可知，“我”一下子就愛(ài)上它了，據(jù)此可知，“我”立即作出了決定，make a decision為固定搭配，意為“作出決定”。A項(xiàng)意為“差別”，B項(xiàng)意為“建議”，D項(xiàng)意為“評(píng)論”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 8.A.proud B．painful C.careless D．brave A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“owner of a converted camper van（野營(yíng)車）”并結(jié)合前一句所表達(dá)的“我”立即作出決定可知，兩天后“我”成了驕傲的（proud）野營(yíng)車車主。B項(xiàng)意為“痛苦的”；C項(xiàng)意為“粗心的”； D項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 9.A.unwilling B．confident C.satisfied D．nervous D　解析：根據(jù)后一句“I wasn’t sure whether I could handle it.”可知，“我”不知道是否可以控制這輛車，據(jù)此可以判斷，剛駕駛時(shí)，“我”有點(diǎn)緊張（nervous），故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“不愿意的”；B項(xiàng)意為“自信的”；C項(xiàng)意為“滿意的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 10.A.Therefore B．Otherwise C.However D．Besides C　解析：前一句說(shuō)不確定是否可以控制這輛車，空后說(shuō)逐漸能夠掌握駕駛技能，并享受駕駛這輛車，據(jù)此可以判斷，空處前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。 11.A.suffered B．experienced C.hurt D．controlled B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該處表示“逐漸地，我有了未曾體驗(yàn)（experienced）過(guò)的感覺(jué)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“遭受”，C項(xiàng)意為“弄傷”，D項(xiàng)意為“控制”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 12.A.fear B．tiredness C.excitement D．belief C　解析：根據(jù)前一句可知，“我”體驗(yàn)到了以前未曾體驗(yàn)過(guò)的感覺(jué)，據(jù)此可以判斷，早晨在車子里醒來(lái)是讓人興奮（excitement）的，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“恐懼”，B項(xiàng)意為“疲倦”，D項(xiàng)意為“信念”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 13.A.what B．where C.how D．who B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“waking up in the morning， and，for the first few seconds， not knowing ___________ you are”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可以判斷，早晨在車?yán)镄褋?lái)“我”很興奮，在開(kāi)始的幾秒里，不知道自己在哪里（where）。 14.A.greet B．block C.protect D．guide A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“some strange trees___________ you，and some beautiful scenery makes your heart beat___________ ”可以判斷，此處是說(shuō)在清晨，“我”駕駛著愛(ài)車，窗外的樹(shù)在和你打招呼（greet），窗外的美景讓你的心激動(dòng)地（wildly）跳動(dòng)。B項(xiàng)意為“阻塞”，C項(xiàng)意為“保護(hù)”，D項(xiàng)意為“指導(dǎo)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 15.A.softly B．strongly C.normally D．wildly D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“輕柔地”，B項(xiàng)意為“強(qiáng)烈地”，C項(xiàng)意為“正常地”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 16.A.doubt B．refuse C.appreciate D．ignore C　解析：根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述在野營(yíng)車?yán)锞幼〉姆N種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始理解（appreciate）旅行者一直告訴我們的關(guān)于住在野營(yíng)車?yán)锏膬?yōu)點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”，B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”，D項(xiàng)意為“忽視”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 17.A.freedom B．duty C.humor D．safety A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此外，還有“我”的新生活方式給“我”的自由（freedom）感，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“責(zé)任”，C項(xiàng)意為“幽默”，D項(xiàng)意為“安全”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 18.A.terrible B．delightful C.useful D．boring B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“to feel that the whole world is your home”可知，你會(huì)感覺(jué)到全世界就是你的家，據(jù)此可以判斷，這種感覺(jué)是讓人高興的（delightful），故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“可怕的”，C項(xiàng)意為“有用的”，D項(xiàng)意為“令人厭煩的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 19.A.chance B．way C.possibility D．wonder D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“so many people are ___________ their houses and going on the road”可知，此處是說(shuō)怪不得有那么多人要離開(kāi)家，行駛在路上。 It is no wonder that...為固定句型，意為“并不奇怪，不足為奇”，故D項(xiàng)正確。 20.A.leaving B．designing C.buying D．building A　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，C項(xiàng)意為“購(gòu)買”，D項(xiàng)意為“建造”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online. It had bee a fashion in our daily life. Some of we students also show great interest in it. Shopping online has many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, you can buy how youre interested in with going outdoors. You can avoid get tired and being trapped in the crowded people and heavy traffic and save time. When shopping online, you can choose from many variety of goods, whose prices are generally lower. Every coin has two sides. Its disadvantages are obvious, too. On the one hand, its very easy for you to buy goods differently from the pictures you see on the Internet. On the other hand, shopping online cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed. Thats waste of money. These are all things we should remember them while shopping online. 答案： With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online. It bee a fashion in our daily life. Some of students also show great interest in it. Shopping online has many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, you can buy youre interested in going outdoors. You can avoid tired and being trapped in the crowded people and heavy traffic and save time. When shopping online, you can choose from many of goods, whose prices are generally lower. Every coin has two sides. Its disadvantages are obvious, too. On the one hand, its very easy for you to buy goods from the pictures you see on the Internet. On the other hand, shopping online people to buy goods that are not badly needed. Thats waste of money. These are all things we should remember while shopping online. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第三處：how→what　考查名詞性從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，表示“所……的”，故應(yīng)用what。 第六處：variety→varieties　考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。此處指很多種類的物品，且前有many修飾，故應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，varieties of “許多”。 第十處：去掉remember后的them　考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處為省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞remember的賓語(yǔ)，them多余，故去掉them。 五、七選五 All of us know that a balanced diet strengthens the immune system. 1. . The following strategies will help you to jumpstart healthy eating habits. Morning musthaves Researchers at Harvard Medical School discovered that people who took daily breakfast were a third less likely to bee obese(肥胖的) than those who skipped this meal. To enjoy the most benefits, the researchers remended eating wholegrain foods for breakfast as they are rich in fiber. 2. ． Main meal wisdom If you need to consume meat, choose fish instead of red meat. Studies have linked high consumption of red meat with cancers such as breast and colorectal cancer as well as heart disease mainly because red meat is very high in saturated(飽和的) fats. 3. ． Food preparation 4． . As such, cooking methods such as steaming, baking, grilling, boiling or stirfrying are advised. 5． Some people like to eat a large meal after a hard day’s work. However, large meals late at night can cause indigestion that influences sleep. So it is a very good idea to have a lowcalorie fiber drink just before leaving the office. It is also not a good idea to regularly have a latenight meal as this could overburden the digestive system. Remember, minor changes in our eating habits can lead to major changes in our health. A．Light nights B．Fewer night snacks C．Fish, in contrast, contains more hearthealthy fats D．Drinking bean milk supplies the body with plant protein E．Experts always suggest preparing food with as little oil as possible F．But most of us fail to obtain adequate nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)) due to our troubled lifestyles G．Fiber aids in stabilizing blood sugar, controlling appetite and keeping the heart healthy 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者介紹了養(yǎng)成健康飲食好習(xí)慣的幾種策略。 1．F　解析：依據(jù)首句中的“均衡飲食能增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“但是我們大多數(shù)人由于混亂的生活方式?jīng)]能獲得充足的營(yíng)養(yǎng)”與之對(duì)應(yīng)，并引出下句。 2．G　解析：研究者推薦早餐吃富含纖維素的全谷類食物，故接下來(lái)應(yīng)該說(shuō)明纖維素對(duì)人體的好處，故選G。 3．C　解析：該段主要涉及吃正餐的學(xué)問(wèn)，即多吃魚(yú)肉少吃紅肉。紅肉中含有大量飽和脂肪，故選C項(xiàng)“相反，魚(yú)肉中含有更多的有益于心臟健康的脂肪”與之作對(duì)比。 4．E　解析：該段主要涉及食物烹飪建議，從后句中的“蒸、烘、烤、煮或炒”這些烹飪方法可知選E與之匹配。 5．A　解析：根據(jù)后文可知該段主要講晚上吃大餐會(huì)影響消化，再結(jié)合上文幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題考慮，“晚餐少食”最佳，故選A。