2019-2020年八年級英語上冊 Unit 3 ReadingThats cool教案 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

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2019-2020年八年級英語上冊 Unit 3 ReadingThats cool教案 人教新目標(biāo)版 　 一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容： “That’s cool. ”這篇文章中提出了一些對cool的解釋 Cool means a popular and successful life style. “酷”意味著緊隨流行的，成功的生活方式。 Cool means what they want to do and don’t care if other people like it or not. “酷”意味著做他們想做的事情不管其它人喜歡還是不喜歡。 Cool means new technology that make our lives easier. “酷”意味著使我們的生活變得更輕松的新科技。 To realize your dream through great effort is really being cool. 通過艱苦的努力實現(xiàn)自己的夢想才是真正的“酷”。 Personality , independence , and freedom , all these things are cool. 個性、獨立、自由這些才是酷。 Young people who can find their dream on their own are the ones who are really cool. 那些自己去實現(xiàn)夢想的人們才是真正的酷。 文中的前三個觀點是針對于material things （物質(zhì)上的東西）來說的，而后三個觀點是針對于精神方 面去講的，我們可以看出： 作者傾向于后三個觀點，這也是“That’s cool”的所指 二. 重點、難點： 1. the latest （means the most recent）最近的 She always dressed in the latest fashion. 她總是穿最新款時裝。 His latest novel is a great success. 他最近出版的小說十分成功。 2. chat with 和…聊天 He often chats on line with strangers. 他經(jīng)常在網(wǎng)上和陌生人聊天。 3. include包括 （第一段第3行） Cool includes fun stuff , nice clothes… The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 旅游項目包括參觀科學(xué)博物館。 4. find out 經(jīng)研究或詢問獲知 A recent survey on yahoo. found out … Can you find out what time the train leaves ? 你能查問出火車什么時候開嗎？ 5. be cool by 通過…擺酷 Some students want to be cool by wearing jeans 一些同學(xué)想通過穿牛仔擺酷。 6. as well （as sb / sth ）即、又、也 It’s good that the young have their own ideas about life as well as being cool. The child is lively as well as healthy. 這個孩子既健康、又活潑 當(dāng)這個詞組用在句尾時，應(yīng)用as well He likes playing football and basketball as well. 他喜歡踢足球，也喜歡打籃球。 7. It’s natural for sb to do sth. 做…對某人來說很正常 It’s natural these days for young people to want material things … 這個句型其實是It’s ＋形＋for sb to do sth 的一種形式。it為形式主語，真正主語為不定式。 8. build … on sth 把…建立在…上 Don’t build your hope on his help. 不要把希望寄托在他的幫助上。 9. To realize your dream through great effort is really being cool. 這句話中，to realize 為不定式作主語 through意為“通過”此句話應(yīng)譯為：通過艱苦的努力來實現(xiàn)你的夢想才是真正的酷。 10. the same …as …和…一樣 We watched the same movies as our parents. I think the same as you do about the matter. 我對此事的看法和你一樣。 same相同的、同一的 Don’t make the same mistake again. 不要再犯同樣的錯誤 all the same 還是仍然 Thank you all the same. 但還是謝謝你。 look the same. 看起來很像。 Tom and Jack look much the same because they are twins. 11. be proud of 對…感到驕傲，自豪 The young should be proud of their own culture. They were proud of their success. 他們?yōu)樽约旱某晒Χ湴痢? be proud to do sth . He is a famous person－I am proud to know him. 他是個名人－－認(rèn)識他我感到很榮幸。 12. value 重視 Youth today value personality … value 作名詞時意為價值 value 作動詞講時意為重視某物（某人） Do you value her as a friend ? 你把她當(dāng)好朋友嗎？ 13. on one’s own 獨自，獨立地 find their dreams on their own are the one’s who are really cool. I’m all on my own today. 今天我是獨自一人。 She got the job on her own. 她的那份工作是靠自己得到的。 14. Other people are cool because they don’t follow what everyone else does. 劃線部分為賓語從句，follow意為“追隨” 此句話應(yīng)譯為：其他人想通過我行我素來顯酷。 15. For some people , new technology that makes our lives easier is cool. 本句中：that makes our lives easier 為定語從句，修飾technology , make …easier 意為使…變得更簡單 此句應(yīng)譯為：對于一些人來說，使我們的生活變得更簡單的新科技是酷。 16. …young people today show that they are cool with their personality. 此句中with應(yīng)譯為“用”“借助于” 今天的年輕人借助于他們的個性來展示什么是“酷” 17. Instead , young people who can find their dream on their own are the ones who are really cool. 本句中Who are really cool 是個定語從句 the ones是個代詞，指前文中的young people 此句應(yīng)譯為：相反，那些能自己實現(xiàn)夢想的人才是真正的酷。 單詞、詞組總結(jié)： material 物質(zhì)的 life style 生活方式 include 包括 stuff要素 recent 最近的equipment 裝備 notebook puter 筆記本電腦 personal 個人的 digital 數(shù)字的 PDA 掌上電腦 tropical 熱帶的 island 島嶼develop發(fā)展，使發(fā)達(dá) developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家Matrix 《黑客帝國》 net 網(wǎng) animation 動畫片technology技術(shù) direction指導(dǎo)，指引natural 自然的 effort 努力value重視 independence 獨立freedom自由 normal 正常的 the latest 最新的 chat with 和…聊天 a recent survey of 最近的一次…的調(diào)查 find out 獲知 be cool by doing 通過…擺酷 in fact 事實上as well as 和，又 give direction 引導(dǎo)It’s natural …for sb to 做…對…來說是很自然的事情 build …on …把…建立在…上 the same …as … 和…一樣 be proud of 以…為驕傲/自豪 on one’s own 獨自，獨立地 參考練習(xí)： 一. 根據(jù)中文完成英文句子。（用所學(xué)過的詞組） 1. 她總是穿最新款的時裝。 She always dresses in ______ ______ fashion. 2. Some students want to ______ ______ ______ dying their hair. 一些同學(xué)想通過染頭發(fā)來擺酷。 3. You can go there by train _____ ______ _____ by plane. 你可以乘火車或飛機(jī)去那兒。 4. Can you finish the homework _____ ______ ______ 你能獨立完成作業(yè)嗎？ 5. I like _____ _____ movie _____ he does. 我和他喜歡同樣的電影。 6. He often ______ _______ his grandmother on weekends. 他經(jīng)常在周末和他父母聊天。 7. Don’t _______ your hope _______ his help. 不要把你的希望建立在他的幫助上。 1. the latest 2. be cool by 3. as well as 4. on your own 5. the same as 6. chats with 7. build on 二. 閱讀理解： “Cool”is a word with many meanings . Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed , the word has had many different meanings. “Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street , maybe you will say , “It’s cool. ”You may think , “He’s so cool , ”when you see your favorite footballer. We all maximize the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as “new”or “surprising”. Here’s an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used . A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited . On one student’s paper was just the one sentence , “It’s so cool .”Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt. But the story also shows a scarcity of words. Without“cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning . So it is quite important to keep some credibility . Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word“cool”? I can . And I think they are also very cool. 注：maximize擴(kuò)大；waterfall瀑布；scarcity缺乏；credibility 可信性；suggests暗示 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案： 1. We know that the word “cool”has had ______. A. only one meaning B. no meanings C. many different meanings D. the same meaning 2. In the passage , the word “express”means “________”. A. see B. show C. know D. feel 3. If you are _____ something , you may say , “It’s cool.” A. interested in B. angry about C. afraid of D. unhappy with 4. The writer takes an example to show he is _______ the way the word is used. A. pleased with B. strange to C. worried about D. careful with 5. In the passage , the writer suggests that the word “cool”______. A. can be used instead of many words B. usually means something interesting C. can make your life colourful D. may not be as cool as it seems 答案： C B A C D 閱讀理解要求： 生詞不超過2％，每分鐘50－60個詞，理解正確率70％ 題材：人物傳記、寓言故事，活動記述，簡單科普小品及部分應(yīng)用文（信函、便條、簡單表格和標(biāo)志） 閱讀理解題的考查內(nèi)容 作為一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的題目，閱讀理解題主要考查以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容： 1. 考查文章的主旨和大意。 包括對文章主題的理解，對文章中心大意的理解，對作者意圖或文章中人物觀點的理解，以及從文章內(nèi) 容中可推斷出的結(jié)論和作者的弦外之音等。 2. 考查文章的細(xì)節(jié)和事實。 包括事實識別、有關(guān)數(shù)字方面的計算或識圖、排列次序等。 3. 考查對文章中詞語的意思或句子意義的理解。 這些詞句一般不只是體現(xiàn)其表層涵義，而往往具有深層意義，同學(xué)們要根據(jù)文章的上下文來判斷其意 義，或根據(jù)句子的語法關(guān)系分析，并挖掘其含義。 4. 考查擬選題目的能力。 文章標(biāo)題的擬選不但取決于文章的內(nèi)容，而且還取決于標(biāo)題的特點。英語文章標(biāo)題的特點一般是省略冠 詞、be動詞或作定語用的人稱代詞，且多以短語或簡單句為主。選擇標(biāo)題的一般原則是：一要切題，即概括 出全文的主旨；二是要簡潔，即文字要簡單明了。 “閱讀理解”的解題步驟與思路點撥 1. 瀏覽全文，捕捉信息。 要求同學(xué)們通過瀏覽全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的觀點和寫作意圖。 2. 細(xì)讀思考題，分析信息。 通讀（瀏覽全文）短文后，已對文章或段落大意有所了解，再讀思考題，對要捕捉的信息進(jìn)行分析、推 理，這樣便可先解答與主題思想有關(guān)的問題。然而瀏覽全文只能對大意有所了解，對于細(xì)節(jié)性的問題還得帶 著問題通過復(fù)讀方法解決。 3. 復(fù)讀全文，抓住細(xì)節(jié)。 帶著問題去復(fù)讀，可縮小復(fù)讀的范圍，更便于捕捉關(guān)鍵的信息。復(fù)讀時可邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把有 關(guān)的人物、事件、時間、地點、起因（即5個W: who , what , when , where , why ）劃出來。例如：凡逢 人物就圈起來，看完一數(shù)，有幾個圈就是幾個人，一目了然。經(jīng)過這樣的處理，你對文章的內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)便清 楚了，對其中矛盾的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和解決心里就會有底了。 另外，在復(fù)讀全文時，還應(yīng)特別注意首段或每一自然段的首句，以及結(jié)尾句。因為短文的首句和首段往 往是作者要說明的對象或事件的起因；或作者闡述自己的觀點；或事件發(fā)生的時間、地點與人物的聯(lián)系。結(jié) 尾句、段是事件的結(jié)論或作者表達(dá)的態(tài)度、意圖、目的等。這樣一來便容易抓住中心，為準(zhǔn)確、快速地解題 打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 4. 解答問題，選定答案。 對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然圈定。遇到不會做的問題可暫時不做，把每個問題閱讀完畢，等會 做的題已做完，然后再回頭做剩下的題目。在做題時，如果遇到困難，再重新查閱。這次復(fù)讀，要針對問題 的要求，抓住重點，一次求得正確答案。 5. 再讀全文，核對答案。 這是最后一步，也是重要的一步，不能疏忽。這一步驟要用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，把我們在閱 讀和答題時所得到的信息歸納整理一遍后重新再讀一遍短文，檢查答案，看是否前后一致；意義和語言知識 是否和原文相符；是否符合邏輯等。發(fā)現(xiàn)前后矛盾、遺漏要點等錯誤，要立即糾正。 值得一提的是，改正原來選定的答案，一定要慎之又慎。因為在做過一段時間題目之后，大腦已有些疲 勞，如果不慎可能會把本來選對的題目更改錯。這也就要求同學(xué)們要相信自己的第一感覺，不可輕易改動答 案。一定要有充分的理由，腦海中有那么一種“柳暗花明又一村”的感覺或者覺得眼前一亮，有種豁然開朗 的境界，這才可改動答案，否則，十之八九會將本已做對的試題改錯，下場后叫苦不迭，結(jié)果卻于事無補(bǔ)。 做閱讀理解題應(yīng)注意的事項 1. 忌不帶問題進(jìn)行閱讀。 做閱讀理解題時，應(yīng)先把文章后面所給的考查題瀏覽一遍，然后帶著這些問題進(jìn)行閱讀。邊閱讀邊選出 考查表層情況問題的答案，從而可大大提高閱讀效率。 2. 忌草率行事。 在設(shè)計理解題時，設(shè)計者往往在四個選項中設(shè)置一個似是而非的答案。這樣，答案的干擾性就特別強(qiáng)， 非常容易迷惑考生。如果在發(fā)現(xiàn)一個看似正確的答案時就草率定案，往往會掉進(jìn)設(shè)計者設(shè)置的陷阱里。處理 的方法是：對所給四個備選答案進(jìn)行分析、比較，在理解閱讀材料內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行旁敲側(cè)擊，去偽存真， 方可選出正確答案。 3. 忌憑主觀印象。 少數(shù)閱讀不明確的題目只需根據(jù)生活常識就可選出答案，而絕大多數(shù)試題則不然，考生必須忠實于原文 來選定答案。這就要求考生在做后一種測試題時，一定要排除自身的生活經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷和已有的知識等主觀因 素的干擾，按照文章實際反映的情況來選擇答案，切不可想當(dāng)然。 4. 忌囫圇定案。 所謂囫圇定案是指考生在未完全讀懂文章時就匆忙將答案選定，結(jié)果往往會選錯答案，等后來發(fā)現(xiàn)時再 作改動，結(jié)果弄得試卷非常不整潔，以致于影響自己的成績。因此，對于尚未讀懂的地方，如果時間允許的 話，一定要慢速多讀幾遍，仔細(xì)揣摩，直到弄個水落石出再定答案。 5. 忌忽略時間。 做閱讀理解題時，要從整體上控制時間，時間的分配要根據(jù)文章的難易程度來決定。文中一兩處沒弄懂 的地方可以暫時放置起來，等把全部題目做完了，再回過頭來處理。因為做完別的題目，自己的心情相對放 松了，這時往往會產(chǎn)生新的思路、新的靈感。即使做完試卷后所剩時間無幾了，再把所剩下的題目猜測一下 也不晚，因為這時還有選對的可能性。 客觀信息題與主觀判斷題例析 中考閱讀理解題一般有兩種層次的試題：一種是客觀信息題，即從閱讀材料中直接獲取試題考查的要 點；另一種是主觀信息題，即：試題的答案不能直接從原文中找到，必須經(jīng)過推理和判斷才能回答。顯然， 第二種試題的難度一般大于第一種。下面就列舉幾種題型并舉例分析其解題技巧。 （一）客觀信息題 所謂“客觀信息”，是指在供“閱讀理解”的短文中客觀存在的事實?？陀^信息的答案一般都可以在原 文中找到。一般來說，應(yīng)在短文中找出相關(guān)信息的位置，確定試題測試的考點。當(dāng)然，有的試題還得對原文 所提供的事實“去偽存真”，進(jìn)行一定程度的比較，才能做出正確的選擇。完成客觀信息題應(yīng)注意以下三 點： 1. 辨認(rèn)事實，注意細(xì)節(jié) xx年北京中考“閱讀理解”題短文（A）中有這樣一句話： There would be a school party on Friday evening . The girls were talking about what they were going to wear. 短文后設(shè)有如下一個問題： On Friday evening there would be ______. A. a school party B. a school meeting C. a sports meeting D. a birthday party ［解題指導(dǎo)］此題的題干On Friday evening there would be _______. 如果與原文中敘述的事實： There would be a school party on Friday evening. 相比較，可以說是“大同小異”。二者的差異僅是 詞序不同?？忌绻苷_理解原文中所敘述的事實，便不難看出空白處所缺少的正是A項：a school party。 又如該短文敘述的另一個細(xì)節(jié)： The party was held on Friday evening . Groups of students arrived . The music began . The girls stood in a line on one side , and the boys on another side. 短文后有下面一個問題：What happened when the music began ? 與原文中敘述的細(xì)節(jié)The girls stood in a line on one side , and the boys on another side. 相比較，選擇項：D. The girls stood on one side , and the boys on another side. 最為接近。答案中僅缺少短語“in a line”（站成一 列），顯然，缺少這一短語，也不影響該事實的存在。 2. 同義轉(zhuǎn)換，著重內(nèi)涵 （1）詞句同義。例如： xx年廣州中考“閱讀理解”題短文（A）中有這樣一句話： If you see a shark , swim slowly for the shore. 針對這句話短文后有下面一個問題： When a swimmer meets a shark , he should ______. 此題的答案是：B. swim slowly to the shore. ［解題指導(dǎo)］根據(jù)此題的答案，不難看出：原文中的條件句（If you see a shark）在問句中轉(zhuǎn)換成了 時間狀語從句（When a swimmer meets a shark），原文中主體的動作也由“see a shark”，轉(zhuǎn)換成了 “meet a shark”，但是語意的內(nèi)涵并未發(fā)生變化，屬于同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。其答案swim slowly to the shore與 原文中的swim slowly for the shore也完全同義。 （2）語段同義。例如： xx年上海中考“閱讀理解”題短文（A）中有這樣兩段話： Sally was a college student . It was going to be her mother’s birthday soon . She wondered what she could buy her as a present. After she had looked for half an hour , she came into a shop that was selling cheap umbrellas , and decided to buy one , since her mother had lost her umbrella the month before. 短文之后有下面一道正誤判斷題：Sally wanted to buy an umbrella for her mother. ［解題指導(dǎo)］ 盡管原文中沒有“Sally wanted to buy an umbrella for her mother. ”這句話。但是原文中提到： Sally 的母親快過生日了（It was going to be her mother’s birthday soon. ），她很想為母親買件禮 物（She wondered what she could buy her as a present. ）。她后來發(fā)現(xiàn)商店賣傘（she came into a shop that was selling umbrellas），而她母親又需要一把雨傘（…h(huán)er mother had lost her umbrella the month before. ）。上述兩段話所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容“Sally wanted to buy an umbrella for her mother. ”一語道破。顯然，二者用語雖然各異，但內(nèi)涵相同，所表達(dá)的意思完全吻合。 3. 把握數(shù)據(jù)，注意推算 中考“閱讀理解”中的數(shù)據(jù)推算并不要求高深的數(shù)學(xué)知識。在有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)推算的試題中，根據(jù)短文所提供 的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要的運算時所涉及的數(shù)學(xué)知識一般都比較簡單，關(guān)鍵在于理解原文。例如：xx年南京中考 “閱讀理解”短文B中有這樣一道題涉及數(shù)據(jù)推算： I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen . That may be why I went to an art school four years later … When I left school , I got some money . I hope to bee a full-time craftswoman. 短文后有如下一個問題： When finishing school studies , the writer was about ______. A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 21 ［解題指導(dǎo)］ 原文中提到：作者（The writer）14歲時曾因繪畫得獎（I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. ），四年之后進(jìn)美術(shù)學(xué)校（I went to art school four years later）。不難算出 該生入校時的年齡為14＋4＝18（歲）。針對這段話，試卷所提出的問題是：作者畢業(yè)時（When finishing school studies）的年齡是多少。盡管短文沒有談到這所美術(shù)學(xué)校的學(xué)制，但是作者畢業(yè)時的年齡一定大于 18歲，故干擾項A、B、C均應(yīng)排除。于是，選擇項D是唯一可選的。該校的學(xué)制為3年（18－21），也是完全 可能的。 【模擬試題】 A “Where are you going to spend your holiday ? ”Misha asked his friends when they were on their way home from school. “I don’t know , ”Victor said . “My father and mother have not yet decided . This evening we are going to talk about it . ” “But I know , ”Lena said , “We usually spend our holidays at the seaside . We enjoy holidays at the Black Sea , we like to swim and sunburn and go on all kinds of interesting excursions （短途旅行）. ” “We also go to the seaside in summer , ”Vera said , “but this year my parents decided to spend our holidays in Moscow. ” “Oh , it’s wonderful ! You’ll see all the interesting places , exhibitions , museums and parks there , ”Misha said . “We were in Moscow last summer and we had a very good time there. ” “And where are you going to spend your holidays this summer , Misha ? ”Vera asked. “I’ll stay in town for a month and then I’ll go to my uncle’s . He lives in a small village on the Don River. ” “Why don’t you go there now ? It’s so hot in town in summer. ” “Because my cousin Sasha is ing to spend her holidays with us . I’m so glad . We didn’t meet for a long time. ” “Why don’t you ask me about my plan for the holidays ? ”Slave asked. “Tell us , please ! ”all of them said at once. “I have a cousin , too. She lives in Leningrad （列寧格勒）, and she is ing to stay with us this summer. ” “Then it’s very good . Let’s spend our time together . You and me , and our cousins , ”Misha said. “And me ! ”said Kate , a girl from their class. “A very good idea ! ”Save said . “I like it very much . We’ll go on excursions together . We’ll play games , and swim in the river , and go for a walk in the woods . I think my parents will let us live in tents near the river. ” “I don’t want to go to the Black Sea now , ”Lena said suddenly . “I want to stay here and spend my holidays with you . It’s so nice to live in a tent near a river. ” “But it’s nice to live at a seaside , too ! ”Slave said. “I’ll write to you from Moscow , ”Vera said . “I am so glad that I go to Moscow. I want to see everything and I want to go everywhere. ” 1. Vera would spend his holidays with his parents in _______. A. town B. Moscow C. Leningrad D. Black Sea 2. _____ would stay in town during the beginning of the holidays. A. Misha B. Slave and Lena C. Kate D. A，B，and C 3. Misha didn’t go to his uncle’s at last , because ______. A. it was too hot there B. his parents hadn’t decided yet C. his cousin was ing D. he wanted to live in a tent near a river 4. In this passage , you can know ______ are girls. A. Kate and Slave B. Misha and Sasha C. Lena and Misha D. Sasha and Kate 5. Why did Lena decide not to go to the Black Sea ? A. Because he didn’t like it . B. Because he wanted to go to Moscow. C. Because he wanted to spend his holidays in a tent near a river with his friends. D. Because he wanted to go to everywhere. B Hundreds of years ago , life was much harder than it is today . People didn’t have modern machines . There was no modern medicine , either. Life today has brought new problems . One of the biggest is pollution . Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty . It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water . Noise pollution makes us talk louder and bee angry more easily . Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution . It’s bad to all living things in the world. Cars , planes and factories all pollute our air every day . Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city . This kind of quilt is called smog. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution . Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away and they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things . We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground . We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving , there will be less pollution. Rules are not enough . Every person must help to fight pollution. 6. Hundreds of years ago , life was much harder than it is today because ______. A. there were not any modern machines B. there was no modern medicine C. there were not many people D. both A and B 7. What is the biggest problem in today’s life ? A. Pollution B. Air pollution C. Noise pollution D. Water pollution 8. The most serious kind of pollution is ______. A. water pollution B. air pollution C. noise pollution D. A, B and C 9. Factories must clean their water ______. A. as they are thrown away B. when they are thrown away C. after it is thrown away D. before it is thrown away 10. From the passage we know that ______. A. a few years ago , there was no smog at all B. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice C. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes D. people are making rules in order to fight pollution C On very cold winter days , a group of Japanese children travelled a long way and arrived at a small island where nobody lived . After setting up a camp , they caught fish in the sea , and walked on the snow to find firewood ,wild fruit and fresh water . Then they made a fire to do some cooking . They were not homeless children or modern Robinson . They were all pupils from a primary school and campers of special “hardship camp. ” Every year primary and middle schools in Japan organize such camps to train the children’ s spirit （精神）of bearing （忍受）hardship . Such places as thick forests and far-off mountains are often chosen as camp places. The Japanese education circles （人士）usually think it necessary to give children chances of suffering hardships . Children in Japan now may hardly find times of hardships , because of the rapid growth of national economy （經(jīng)濟(jì)）and improvement in the people’s living conditions . The experts （專家）think that such hardship camps can help children learn to live and develop in the struggle against nature in modern society. It’s said that such hardship camps are warmly accepted by both Japanese school children and their parents. 11. Many Japanese children