高考英語復習 不定代詞
高考英語復習 不定代詞(附專項練習及詳解)高考英語復習 不定代詞1、常用不定代詞Some 一些,某Any 一些,任何many 許多much 許多l(xiāng)ittle 幾乎沒有few 幾乎沒幾個a little 一點兒a few 少數(shù)幾個every 每一個each 各、每both 二者都either 二者中任何一者neither 二者都不all 所有一切none 全部不other 別的、其他的another 另一個no 沒有one 一個some,any,every和no都可以與body,thing和one構成不定代詞在用法上保持some,any,every和no的特點,但這些合成的不定代詞只能作名詞性代詞,不能作形容詞性代詞。2、不定代詞在句中的作用(1)不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞,大多數(shù)在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語和定語。1)作主語:Everything goes well!萬事如意!2)作賓語:We admire all of you.我們欽佩你們大家.3)作表語:Thats all for today.今天就到這兒。4)作同位語:He is taller than you all.他比你們都高。5)作定語:All the people are present.所有的人都到了。(2)every和no在句子中只作定語,Every child can get a gift for Christmas.每個孩子都能得到一件圣誕禮物。I have no idea about it.對此我一無所知。3、常見不定代詞的用法(1)one的用法one泛指任何人,可以在形容詞和that,this等詞后代替剛提過的可數(shù)名詞,其所有格形式為ones,反身代詞為oneself,復數(shù)形式為ones。1) 泛指"人",如:One should be strict with oneself.人應該嚴格要求自己。2) 表示"一個人或物",如:Chinese is one of the most useful languages in the world.漢語是世界上最有用的語言之一。3) 代替上文己出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞,如Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.我的鋼筆丟了,我想買一枝新的。4) the one和the ones表示特定的人或物,如:No film is as good as the one I saw last week.我上周看的電影最好。Students who do well in examinations are the ones who ask questions in class.考試成績好的都是上課愛提問的學生。5)One前可以有形容詞修飾,這時它需帶冠詞或受形容詞性的物主代詞修飾,如:I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my hand.我有兩個球,舊的在地板上,新的在我手里。He bought a new pen yesterday. His old one is broken.昨天他買了一支新鋼筆,他那支舊的壞了。6) one可用this,that,any,some,each,the,next,every,which等修飾,如:Here are two umbrellas,which one is yours?This one or that one?這兒有兩把傘,哪一個是你的?這個還是那個?7)one或ones帶后置定語時,前面要加定冠詞,如:Is this the one you want?這是你想要的那個嗎?8) one和it的區(qū)別,如: one和ones是泛指,表示同類中的任何一個或幾個,it是特指,指代上文出現(xiàn)過的某一物。如: This book is a good one. May I borrow it?這是一本好書,我可以借它嗎?(2)some和any的用法1)some和any均表示"一些",既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞;some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中,some和any可用作名詞(作主語和賓語),也可用作形容詞(作定語),Some of the students will go to Qingdao tomorrow.明天有些學生將去青島。(作主語)Is there any left?還有剩下的嗎?(作定語)There isnt any time left.沒時間了。(作定語)2)some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示"某一(個)",如:Ive read the story in some book.我在某本書中讀過這個故事。Some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.有個女孩在校門口等你。3)some與數(shù)字連用,意為"大概","大約",如:The country has exported some two million bikes this year.這個國家今年己出口了大約200萬輛自行車。4)some用于疑問句,表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答或表示請求、建議,如:May I have some water?我可以喝些水嗎?(請求,期待給予肯定回答)Would you like some apples?想吃些蘋果嗎?(邀請)5)any可用于肯定句,表示"任何的",修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:You may choose any student。你可以選擇任何學生。6)any可用作狀語,表程度,如: I cant stay here any longer.我不能再呆在這兒了。(3)each和every的用法1)each"每個,各,各自的",強調個體,在句中充當定語、主語、賓語和同位語,every強調整體,表示"每個都",在句中只能作定語,如:Each room can seat at least fifty people.每個房間至少能坐50人。(作定語)Every one has strong and weak points.每個人都有優(yōu)缺點。(作定語)Each of the students will get a new book.每個學生將得到一本新書。(作主語)Each child will find his own personal road to success.每個孩子將會找到他個人的成功之路。(作定語)The headmaster shook hands with each of us in turn after the game.比賽后,校長同我們每個人一一握手。(作賓語)We each have our own attitude to teaching students.在教學問題上,我們每個人有各自的看法。(作同位語)2)each指兩者或兩者以上的人或事物中的每一個,every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一個,如:There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一邊都遍布樹和花。Every student has read a poem.每個學生都讀了一首詩。3)every可以表示"每隔", 構成"every+數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞""every+ few+復數(shù)名詞""every+ other+單數(shù)名詞"或"every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞"。Each沒有這種用法,如:every three days每隔2天,每3天 every other hour/every second hour每隔1小時 every few days每隔幾天(4)both和all的用法1)both表示"兩者都是",all指"三者或三者以上的、全體",在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和同位語Both of the students are fifteen.這兩名學生都是15歲。(作主語)All but one are present.除了一人外,其他的人都到了。(作主語)She asked both of them to leave the city.她讓他們兩人都離開這座城市(作賓語)Both plans are good.兩個計劃都是好的。(作定語)All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定語)You are both too young.你們兩個都太年輕。(作同位語)They all agree to stay here.他們都同意呆在這兒。(作同位語)2)all除指人外,還可指物,表示"所有,一切",作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),All is over with him.他一切都完了。(指情況)3)all還可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如:All hope has gone.所有的希望都破滅了。4)both和all同否定詞連用,表示部分否定,如要表示全部否定,分別用neither和none,如:Both of them are not singers.他們倆不都是歌手。(部分否定)Neither of them is a singer.他們倆都不是歌手。(完全否定)Not all books are good.不是所有的書都是好書。(部分否定)None of the books are good.這些書都不是好書。(完全否定)(5)much和many的用法much和many都有"許多"的意思,much表示或修飾不可數(shù)名詞,many表示或修飾可數(shù)名詞。1)much或many多用于疑問句或否定句,在肯定句中常用a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,quantities of 代替,much還可用a great deal of 代替,many還可用a(large)number of代替。2) much和many在句中可作主語、賓語或定語,many作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù),much作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如:Many of the students did well this time.這次許多學生做得好。(作主語)Much of the time is free.許多時間是空閑的。(作主語)I have much to say.我有許多話要說。(作賓語)I dont have much to do today.今天我沒太多的事要做。(做賓語)Many people wanted to stay here.許多人想呆在這兒。(作定語)Theres much water in the bottle.瓶里有許多水。(作定語)3) much可用作副詞、作狀語,表程度,如:The city is much larger than that one.這個城市比那個城市大多了。4) be not much意為"不怎么樣",如:Ive visited the country and it is not much.我拜訪過那個國家,并不怎么樣。5) much還可與too連用,構成"too much+不可數(shù)名詞"短語,意為"太多的."如:There is too much noise in the classroom.在教室里有太多嘈雜聲。6) much還可與too連用,構成 much too"非常"副詞詞組,修飾形容詞、副詞,不修飾動詞,如:Im much too busy to see visitors.我太忙,不能會見來訪者。7) "many a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"表示"許多",如:Many a way has been tried.己試過不止一個方法了。8) 在名詞前如果有冠詞或指示代詞等詞時,要用many of或much of結構,如:Many of my books are English.我的書大多是英語書。(6)either和neither的用法Either指"兩個人或物中的任何一個",表示肯定意義,neither指"兩個人或物中一個也不,兩者都不"表示否定意義。1) 這兩個詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語,作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù),如:Either of them has a pen.他們兩人都有一枝鋼筆。(作主語)Neither is wrong.哪個都沒錯。(作主語)"Do you speak German or French?""I dont speak either.""你講德語還是法語?""這兩種語言都不說。"(作賓語)Neither answer is right.兩個答案都不對。(作定語)I know neither of the two men.這兩個人我一個也不認識。(作賓語)There are trees on either side of the road.路兩旁有樹。(作定語)2) either可放在否定句的句尾,表示"也",如:I dont know either.我也不知道。3)either修飾名詞時,前面不用物主代詞,表示代詞或定冠詞,可以說:either pen但不能說the either pen或either my pen。4)either用作代詞時,可以單獨使用,也可和of連用,of后接復數(shù)名詞,名詞前要用一個物主代語、指示代詞或定冠詞,如:He doesnt like either of the two places.他不喜歡這兩個地方中的任何一個。5)當either of作主語時,動詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但在否定句和疑問句中,動詞也常用復數(shù),特別在口語中,如:Either of them is good enough.他們兩個都足夠好。I dont think either of them are at home.我認為他們倆都不在家。6)either.or.,意為"不是.就是.,或者.或者.",連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要同最近的主語保持一致,如:Either he or I am to blame.或者他或者我將受到責備。Is either he or you going to the cinema?他去看電影,還是你去呢?Are either you or he going to the cinema?你去看電影,還是他去呢?(7)no和none的用法1)no表示"不""無",只能作定語,修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單、復數(shù),相當于not any或not a。none表示"沒有人,任何人也不",用作名詞,相當于no one或not any。2)none常用of連用,構成none of.結構,none作可數(shù)名詞用時,指"三者或三者以上都不",作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)均可,none作不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),none在句中作主語或賓語,不作定語,不與名詞連用,如:There is no water in the bottle.瓶里沒有水了。(作定語)He has no choice but to lie down.他除了躺下,別無選擇。(作定語)None of the books are(is)interesting.沒有一本書是有趣的。(作主語)He knows none of us.我們之中他誰都不認識。(作賓語)3)"none but+復數(shù)名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),如:None but wolves walks like that.除非狼才會那么走。4)none和no one的用法none回答以how many/much引導的特殊疑問句或"any of+限定語+名詞"或表一定范圍的一般疑問句及含有anybody或無限定范圍的一般問句,簡言之,none表示數(shù)量,no one表示人,如:-How many students are there in the classroom now?現(xiàn)在教室里有多少學生?-None.一個也沒有。-Have any of you ever been to the Great Wall?你們中有人去過長城嗎?-None.一個也沒有。-Who can answer the question?誰能回答這個問題?-No one.沒有人。(8)few和little的用法1)few和little均表示數(shù)量,但用法及表達意義有所不同,如下所示: 修飾可數(shù)名詞 修飾不可數(shù)名詞肯定意義 a few a little否定意義 few little2)在句中可作主語或定語,如:Few of the books are for children.這些書中幾乎沒有合適孩子們的。(作主語)Theres a little water in the bottle.瓶里有點水。(作定語)I know a few of them.他們當中我認識幾個。(作賓語)3)a little??赏琣 bit換用,但not a little相當于very或much,意為"很""豐常",not a bit意為"一點也不",相當于not at allHe did not feel a bit sorry.他一點也不覺得難過。He is not a little tired.他很累。4)有關的固定搭配,如:not a few 相當多的 only a few僅少數(shù),只有幾個 make little of對.不大理解little or no幾乎沒有 little by little逐漸地 quite a few 相當多的 not a little很,非常(9)復合不定代詞的用法1)some,any,no和every都可以和one,body,thing連用,構成復合不定代詞,如:someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,no one,nobody和nothing。以some為首的復合不定代詞用法同some,以any為首的復合不定代詞用法同any,如:There is something interesting in todays newspaper.今天的報紙上有有趣的事。Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?今天的報紙上有有趣的事嗎?2)復合不定代詞在句中只起名詞的作用,在句中可作主語、賓語和表語,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù), Does anybody live on the island?有人住在這個島上嗎?(作主語)He knows nothing about it.對于那件事,他一無所知。(作賓語)She is a singer or something.她是一名歌手或什么的。(作表語)3)形容詞在修飾復合不定代詞時,要放在所修飾詞的后面,作后置定語,如:Theres nothing serious.沒什么要緊的。4)everyone或everybody用于泛指,其后不可跟表范圍的of短語,如要跟表范圍的of短語,則就分開寫(every one,every body),如:Is everyone here today?大家都到齊了嗎?(泛指)Every one of the students has a new book.這些學生中每人有一本新書。(特指)5)"人稱代詞+each"結構中,后面的謂語動詞應用復數(shù),"each of+人稱代詞"結構中,謂語動詞用單數(shù)They each are sure that they will get there on time.他們每個人都堅信他將準時到那兒。Each of them is sure that they will get there on time.他們每一個從都堅信將準時到那兒。(10)other、another、the other和others1)other可作形容詞或代詞,做形容詞時,意思是"別的,其他",泛指"其他的(人或物)"。如:Do you have any other question(s)? 你還有其他問題嗎?Ask some other people. 問問別人吧!2)the other指兩個人或物中的一個時,只能用the other,不能用another,此時的other作代詞。如:He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有兩個女兒,一個是護士,另一個是工人。the other后可加單數(shù)名詞,也可加復數(shù)名詞,此時的other作形容詞。如:On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一邊,有一棵大樹。Mary is much taller than the other girls. 瑪麗比其他的女孩高得多。3)others是other的復數(shù)形式,泛指"另外幾個","其余的"。在句中可作主語、賓語。如:Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我們一些人喜歡唱和跳舞,其余的從事體育活動。Give me some others, please. 請給我別的東西吧!There are no others. 沒有別的了。4.the others意思是"其他東西,其余的人"。特指某一范圍內的"其他的(人或物)"。是the other的復數(shù)形式。如:Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 兩個男孩將去動物園,其余的留在家里。the others=the other +復數(shù)名詞,這在第2條中已經有所介紹。5)another=an+ other,既可作形容詞,也可作代詞,只能用于三個或更多的人或物,泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的"另一個",只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如:I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜歡這一個,請給我看看另一個。I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三個女兒。一個是護士,另一個是教師,還有一個是工人練習與詳解1He cant hear you, because there is _ noise hereAvery muchBtoo muchCmuch tooDso many2_ name is Han Meimai.AHerselfBHersCSheDHer3All of us were invited, but _ of us cameAneitherBnoneCboth4The weather in Shanghai is different from _ABaotouBBaotou weatherCthat in BaotouDthose of Baotou5There isnt _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDthe6-Is this _ pen? -No, _ is on my desk.Ayour; myByours; myCyour; mineDyours; mine7The bottle is empty. There is _ in it.AanythingBsomethingCnothing8-Look! We have _ sugar. -Really? Lets go and buy some.AfewBa fewClittleDa little9There isnt _ milk in the fridge. Youd better buy some.AnoBanyCsome10-"There isnt _ water here. Could you get _ for me?"-"All ringht."Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some11Today, _ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.Amuch tooBtoo muchCmany tooDtoo many12There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.AbothBallCeveryDeach13Is the shirt on the bed _ ?AyoursByourCyou14Mr Green taught _ English last year.AourBweCus15These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one.AotherBothersCthe othersDanother16Mary cant go with us. _ has to look after _ mother at home.AShe; hisBShe; herCHe; herDHe; His17There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?Aany; someBany; anyCsome; someDsome; any18I often help _ .Ahe or sheBhis and herChim and herDhis and hers19There are some trees on _ side of the street.AbothBallCeitherDevery20"Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?""I like _ , because theyre not useful."AbothBeitherCallDneither21They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.AanyBsomeCnoneDneither22There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday.Amany; muchBmuch; muchCmuch; manyDmany; many23_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.AEach; everyBEvery; eachCEach; eachDEvery; every24Please keep together. We want _ of you to get lost.AnoneBsomeCmanyDany25There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses.Alittle; a fewBfew; littleCfew; a fewDlittle; a little26The skirt is _ . She made it _ .Ahers; herselfBher; herselfCherself; hersDherself; her27"Havent you forgotten _ ?"" _ ,oh, I forgot my bag."Aanything; Excuse meBsomething; Excuse meCsomething; PardonDeverything; Pardon28Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anythingBanything importantCimportant somethingDsomething important29My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework.AlittleBfewCa littleDa few30- _ of the boys in Class Four are playing games.-_.AAllBEachCThe bothDNone31The boy promised _ mother never to lie to _ again.Ahis; himBher; herCher; himDhis; her32"Would you like some milk in your tea?""Yes, just _ ."AmuchBa littleCa fewDlittle33_ school is much larger than _ .ATheir; ourBTheir; ours CTheirs; oursDTheirs; our34Put it down, Richard. You mustnt read _ letter.Aanyones elsesBanyones elseCanyone elsesDanyone else35He found _ very interesting to ride a horse.AthisBthatCitDwhich36Han Meimei, what about _ to eat?AeverythingBsomethingCnothingDanything37_ office is much smaller than _ .AOurs; yours BOur; yoursCTheirs; ourDYour; their38"Help _ to some meat, Mary,"my aunt said to me.AthemselvesBourselvesCyourselfDhimself39There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCothersDother40Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it.AlittleBa littleCfewDa few參考答案1Btoo much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞, much too 修飾形容詞或副詞, very much可修飾動詞;many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。2Dher作物主代詞,意為"她的",注意her還可作she的賓格。3B句意:"我們都接到邀請,但我們誰沒來。"none是all的反義詞,表示"(三者以上的)沒有一個(人或物)。"4Cthat作為代詞。代替主語 weather. A項錯誤在于Baotou與前面的主語 weather不相對應,無法比較。代詞that既可代替不可數(shù)名詞,也可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。5Aany用于疑問句和否定句,some用于肯定句。6Cyour是形容詞性物主代詞,只能作定語修飾名詞; mine是名詞性物主代詞,可作主語、表語和賓語,但不能作定語。 7C空白處填nothing是與前一句的 empty相呼應、吻合的。8C從后一句"去買些糖"可知"糖不多了"。little的意思是"少",有否定含義,只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞, a little是"一點",有肯定含義。few和a few是修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞,前者否定,后者肯定。9B肯定句中用some,疑問句和否定句中用any。10D前一句是否定句,故用any ;后一句是說話者懇請別人做某事,希望對方同意,并認為對方能同意,故用some。11Dtoo much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,too many只修飾可數(shù)名詞;A項只修飾形容詞或副詞;C項本身就是錯誤的。12Devery和each都作"每一個"講,但every只能作定語;each既可作定語,還可作主語、賓語、同位語等成分。both和all作主語(代替可數(shù)名詞),謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。13A 14C代詞作賓語應用標本賓格,us是we的賓格。15Dother意為"別的、其它的",可修飾單數(shù)名詞,也可修飾復數(shù)名詞。others表示"別人"或"別的事物",是泛指的復數(shù)概念。the other是特指的"其余的(人或物)"。another是泛指的"另一個(人或物)。" 16BShe在句中作主語,故用主格,her作物主代詞。 17A18C代詞作賓語應用賓格。 19C此處的either可換用each; both后修飾復數(shù)名詞。20D后一個分句說"沒有用",當然是"兩個都不喜歡。"21C前一句說"她們都累了",后一句說"他們都不愿停下來休息",故填none22A"人多(many)"故然"噪音大(much)"。23Aeach可作主語,而every不能,故第一空填each。every 和each 都不可作定語,但every強調全體,而each強調"個體",故第二空填every。24A前一句說"讓大家靠近些"。后一句是說希望大家誰也不要掉隊,故用none。25A前一空填little,表示"水很少"第二空填a few,修飾可數(shù)名詞 glasses,注意quite a few的意思是"好幾個"。26A注意第二句中的herself意為"親自"。27A乙方說"Excuse me",是表示他正在查點他的東西。28D形容詞修飾something、anything之類的復合不定代詞應后置。29A"我的父親"忙于工作,故幾乎沒有時間做家務,故用little30A填all,表示"所有的男孩"都在做游戲。B項的each作主語,are應改為is。C項本身就是錯的,the不能放在both前。因為此句沒有表示否定含義(即選none的條件),故不能選之。31D句意:"那個男孩向他媽媽許諾再也不對她撒謊了。"promise sb(never) to do sth向某人許諾(永遠不)做某事了。 lie to sb對某人撒謊。32Bjust a little只來一點;just a few只有幾個. 33B34C此題考查else的所有格形式,else修飾復合不定代詞需后置,其所有格形式是在else后加s,因此在anyone后加s是沒有道理的。35Cit 做形式賓語,代替在句尾作真正賓語的不定式短語to ride a horse,very interesting是形容詞短語作賓語補足語。注意此句型結構:"findit名詞形容詞分詞to do sth"36B用something表示邀請。如用 anything則非邀請,而是單純的詢問。37B38Cyourself與后面的me相對應。39B,除了八位女教師之外的"余者(the others)"是男教師40B地板上還"有點兒(a little)水"。