全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程2英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記

UNIT 11.被系在上be attached to2.探索行為exploratory behavior3.偶爾on occasion4.父母的責(zé)任parental duties5.揭示，闡明throw light on6.最終目的an ultimate purpose7.要做的動作desired action8.所希望的結(jié)果desirable outcome9.關(guān)鍵critical point10.育兒觀 value of child rearing11.彌補某種錯誤行為making up for a misdeed12.回想起來in retrospect13.善意的well-intentioned14.前來幫助某人come to sb.s rescue15.極其熟練、溫和地with extreme facility and gentleness16.適用于apply to17.發(fā)展到evolve to18.發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力promote creativity19.值得追求的目標(biāo)worthwhile goals One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. 美國人的立場可以概括起來這么說，我們比中國人更重視創(chuàng)新和自立。我們兩種文化的差異也可以從我們各自所懷的憂慮中顯示出來。中國老師擔(dān)心，如果年輕人不及早掌握技藝，就有可能一輩子掌握不了；另一方面，他們并不同樣地急于促進創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。美國教育工作者則擔(dān)心，除非從一開始就發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，不然創(chuàng)造力就有可能永不再現(xiàn)；而另一方面，技藝可于日后獲得。 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). 但我并不想夸大其辭。無論在過去還是在當(dāng)今，中國在科學(xué)、技術(shù)和藝術(shù)革新方面都展示了巨大的創(chuàng)造力。而西方的創(chuàng)新突破則有被夸大的危險。如果仔細(xì)審視任何一項創(chuàng)新，其對以往成就的依賴則都顯而易見（“站在巨人肩膀之上”的現(xiàn)象）。 But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? 然而，假定我這里所說的反差是成立的，而培養(yǎng)技藝與創(chuàng)造力兩者都是值得追求的目標(biāo)，那么重要的問題就在于：我們能否從中美兩個極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式，它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較好的平衡？UNIT 21. 面臨，遭遇be confronted with2. 仰頭向上看look up at3. 填寫fill out4. 屬于fall into5. 僅僅，不多于，不強于 nothing more than6. 轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的念頭a passing whim7. 磨損，損耗wear and tear8. 雖然，盡管in spite of9. 期望，盼望look forward to10. 富裕的，有錢的 well off11. 不自在，格格不入 out of place12. 陳舊的家具dated furniture13. 之后不久shortly after14. 走下坡路，失敗 go south15. 轉(zhuǎn)折點a turning point16. 與形成對比 in contrast to17. 對予以注意，致力于 focus on18. 歸屬感a sense of belonging19. 遭遇困難 go through a rough time20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile21. 為感恩 be thankful for22. 收入最低的檔次 the lowest income bracket23. 創(chuàng)作才能 the gift of creativity24. 對物質(zhì)財富的追求 the pursuit of possessionsYet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it is still dependable. My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing. My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors. My minimal computer needs can be met at the library.然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物質(zhì)的東西，對我來說，只不過是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的念頭而已。我的汽車是1999年的產(chǎn)品，到現(xiàn)在開了十萬五千英里，已經(jīng)很破很舊了，但是它依然可靠。我的住房不大，但是很安靜，住著挺舒心。我的衣服很適合于我的工作，主要都在戶外。我對計算機的很少的需求，可以在圖書館得到解決。 In spite of what I dont have, I dont feel poor. Why? Ive enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. Its not just that Ive been illness-free, its that I feel vigorous and spirited. Exercising is actually fun for me. I look forward to long, energizing walks. And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.盡管有些東西我沒有，我并不感到貧窮。這是為什么？五十三年來我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情緒飽滿。鍛煉對我而言是確確實實的快事，我樂意長距離步行，越走越有勁。我喜愛步行后隨之產(chǎn)生的一種“什么都干得了”的心態(tài)。I also cherish the gift of creativity. When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside. Im continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process. And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment.我還十分珍惜我的創(chuàng)作才能。當(dāng)我寫出美麗的詩句或編造出能把人逗樂的笑話時，我內(nèi)心感到很富有。通過寫作而獲得的洞察力，不斷地令我驚奇。而與那么多寫作朋友交談，是我樂趣的主要源泉之一。UNIT 31. 舞臺前方the edge of the stage2. 對觀眾說話address the audience3. 到頭來讓人尷尬end up embarrassing sb.4. 當(dāng)餐廳服務(wù)員wait tables5. 為某人感到驕傲be proud of sb.6. 一致地in unison7. 偶爾一次once in a while8. 圍坐在餐桌旁be seated around the dinning room table9. 使產(chǎn)生懸念keep in suspense10. 傳下來hand down11. 無論如何at any rate12. 世界和平global peace13. 減少；縮小narrow down14. 轉(zhuǎn)向某人turn to sb.15. 影響；刺激come over16. 結(jié)束某（一不愉快的）事get sth. over with17. 優(yōu)等生an honor student18. 整天提心吊膽live in constant dread19. 負(fù)責(zé)in charge of 20. 填寫fill out21. 思路line of thought22. 初中junior high schoolIf that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldnt be so bad. Overall, I wouldnt want to trade my dad for anyone elses. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think thats sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. 這類事要是偶爾發(fā)生一兩次，那倒也沒什么。總的來說，我是不肯把自己老爸跟別人的老爸換的。他愛我們當(dāng)子女的，也愛老媽。不過我想，有時問題就出在這兒。他一心想幫助我們，他自以為在為我們做好事呢。Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But thats dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesnt stop to think. And its not just one of us whove felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike 你們能想象我覺得自己有多么丟人現(xiàn)眼嗎？堂堂的優(yōu)秀生，班主席。父親竟然去求別人叫他們的兒子打電話來邀我跳舞！可這就是我那可愛的老爸。他其實挺可愛的。他就是不好好想一想。不止我一個人深受他橫加干預(yù)之苦。哦,絕非我一個人，我們兄妹三個整天提心吊膽，知道倒霉的事隨時可能來臨。UNIT 41. 一周中的最好時光highlight of the week2. 投稿 submit articles3. 有時 at times4. 對感到厭惡feel an aversion to5. 社交方式forms of socializing6. 缺乏自律a lack of discipline7. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際cyber-interaction8. 面對 be confronted with9. 穿著得體be dressed appropriately10. 廣告令心煩 be jarred by the commercials11. 工作成了次要的。 Work moves into the background.12. 壞脾氣 be bad-tempered13. 在此狀態(tài)下 in this state14. 日常事務(wù)daily routine15. 依賴 rely on16. 長期失業(yè)long-term unemployment17. 吸毒 drug abuse18. 恢復(fù)平衡restore balance19. 將與區(qū)分開 set apartfrom20. 面對面 face to face21. 找借口 make an excuseId never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. Id never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide. 以前我從未意識到日常的生活起居是多么重要，如穿戴整齊去上班，按時就寢。以前我從未想過自己會那么依賴同事做伴。我開始理解為什么長時間的失業(yè)會那么傷人，為什么一個人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常計劃就會導(dǎo)致吸毒、犯罪、自殺率的增長。To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who havent fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctors appointments - anything to get me out of the house and connected with others. 為了恢復(fù)生活的平衡，我強迫自己回到真實世界中去。我給別人打電話，與所剩無幾的仍然住在紐約城的幾個朋友安排見面。我至少設(shè)法去去健身房，以便使周末與工作日有所不同。我安排采訪好寫報道，預(yù)約看醫(yī)生安排任何需要我出門與他人接觸的活動。 But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable - the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety. 但有時面對面地與人相處實在難以忍受。我與一位朋友見面，她那種響亮的笑聲讓人忍無可忍飯店里的噪雜談話聲也讓人受不了。我找了個藉口逃之夭夭。我重新回到我的公寓，沖向電腦，似乎那兒才是一個安全的地方。 I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears. 我點擊鼠標(biāo)，打開調(diào)制解調(diào)器，曾經(jīng)聽了就煩的連接聲此刻聽起來就如同最心愛的曲子那么悅耳。我鍵入密碼。真實世界轉(zhuǎn)瞬便消逝了。UNIT 51. 田徑比賽 track and field competition2. 俯瞰 a birds eye view3. 深呼吸 take a deep breath4. 像雄鷹一樣翱翔 soar like an eagle5. 如出一轍; 不謀而合 coincide with6. 每隔一天 every other day/on alternate days7. 農(nóng)場雜活 farm chores8. 有一次 on one occasion9. 站著 on ones feet10. 沒有意識到 unaware of11. 仰面躺著 lie on ones back12. 對慚愧 be ashamed of13. 感到 fill ones mind with14. 擺脫緊張情緒 shake the tension15. 在內(nèi)心的最深處 from the deepest depths of ones soul16. 在這種時候 at a time like this17. 舒展；伸展 stretch out18. 緩緩移動 in slow motion19. 使回到現(xiàn)實中 bring sb. back to earth20. 想象 see in ones minds eyeThe runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. Thats only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasnt working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths. 這一回，那跑道顯得有些異樣。剎那間，他感到一陣驚嚇。一種惶惑不安的感覺向他襲來。橫桿升在高出他個人最高紀(jì)錄9英寸的高度。他想，這一高度與全國紀(jì)錄只差1英寸了。這一刻緊張異常，他感到焦慮不安。他想擺脫緊張情緒。沒有用。他更緊張了。在這種時刻怎么會這樣呢，他暗暗思忖著。他有點膽怯起來。說是恐懼也許更為恰當(dāng)。怎么辦？他以前從來不曾有過這種感覺。這時，不知不覺地，在內(nèi)心最深處，出現(xiàn)了他母親的身影。為什么是在這一刻？記憶中，母親在這種時刻會怎樣做呢？很簡單。母親過去總跟他說，當(dāng)你覺得緊張、焦慮、甚至害怕的時候，就深深地吸氣。 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly. 于是他深深吸了一口氣。在擺脫腿部肌肉緊張的同時，他輕輕地把撐竿放在腳邊。他開始舒展雙臂和上身。剛才飄過一陣輕風(fēng)，此刻消失了。他小心翼翼地拿起撐竿，只覺得心怦怦在跳。他相信觀眾們的心也在怦怦跳動。場上鴉雀無聲，令人透不過氣來。當(dāng)他聽見遠(yuǎn)處飛鳥啼鳴時，他知道，自己飛身起躍的時刻到了。UNIT 61. 把改成 convert into2. 對一無所知 dont know the first thing about3. 把區(qū)分開來 distinguish from4. 渴望獨立 be craving independence5. 不禁不寒而栗 cant help shuddering 6. 處于劣勢 at a disadvantage7. 在方面 when it comes to8. 偶然闖進 stumble into9. 輕而易舉地把它學(xué)好 it comes easily to somebody 10. 咬緊牙學(xué)好它 grit your teeth to get good at it11. 極有可能 theres a strong chance that 12. 把成績提高到A pull the grade up to an A13. 恐懼的時候 moments of panic14. 基于 be based on15. 文化熏陶 cultural cues16. 人不是孤島。 No man is an island17. 毫無疑問, 不可否認(rèn) Theres no denying that18. 與相關(guān)聯(lián) be relevant to 19. 不容改變的結(jié)論 hard and fast conclusions20. 生來就懂 be born knowing21. 有敢冒風(fēng)險而為的精神 take a leap of faith22. 有所選擇地聽別人的話 have a selective hearing Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? Im not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some people favor side of their brain, and others the left. But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone, as an individual? Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why cant we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are? Instead of using what we know as a reason why women cant learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine. 什么我們這么快就限制了我們自己呢？我不否認(rèn)大多數(shù)小女孩喜歡娃娃而大多數(shù)小男孩愛玩電子游戲?；蛟S真的一些人偏愛用右半腦，另一些人偏愛用左半腦。但這于我，或任何一個個人來說又有多大關(guān)聯(lián)呢？為什么將男人和女人的不同歸結(jié)為不容改變的結(jié)論，說成是與大腦有關(guān)，而不能看到我們難以置信的靈活性呢？或許我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)為我們的大腦比我們所想象的要更為強大，而不是憑我們僅有的知識去為女人不能學(xué)物理提供一個理由。Heres a secret: math and science dont come easily to most people. No one was ever born knowing calculus. A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith. It also helps to have selective hearing. 秘密在于：對大多數(shù)人來說，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)并不比其他人來得更容易些。沒有人生來就懂微積分。男人能學(xué)會的，女人也能學(xué)會。但首先女人需要明白她能做到，而那需要足夠大的勇氣和自信。這也會有助于我們學(xué)會有選擇地采納別人的見解。UNIT 71. 排行榜 a hit parade2. 嚴(yán)格地說strictly speaking3. 對我們真正至關(guān)重要的事 the things that really matter to us4. 發(fā)表演說make a speech5. 為了加強效果for effect6. 系統(tǒng)的研究a systematic study7. 起源于 descend from8. 提出come up with9. 向西漂泊drift west10. 留傳給我們pass on to us 11. 日子過得開心enjoy oneself12. 撫養(yǎng)孩子rear/raise a child13. 諾曼人征服英國the Normans conquered England14. 平民百姓common people15. 印刷機 a printing press16. 大量新思想a wealth of new thinking17. 歐洲文藝復(fù)興the European Renaissance18. 失控be out of control19. 付諸實施put into practice20. 個人自由的崇尚者a respecter of the liberties of each individual 21. 開拓新路strike out new path22. 培育了的準(zhǔn)則nourish the principles of 23. 人權(quán)the rights of man24. 知識精英an intellectual eliteTwo centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down. 兩個世紀(jì)前，在印度當(dāng)法官的一位英國人注意到，梵文中有一些詞與希臘語、拉丁語中的一些詞極為相似。系統(tǒng)的研究顯示，許多現(xiàn)代語言起源于一個共同的母語，但由于沒有文字記載，該母語已經(jīng)失傳。 Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesars armies found in Britain. 語言學(xué)家找出了相似的詞，提出這些語言的源頭是他們稱之為印歐母語的語言，這種語言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。這些人使用同樣的詞表達“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但沒有表示“?！钡脑~。因此有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為，他們生活在寒冷的中北歐某個地區(qū)。一些人向東遷徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各種語言，有些人則向西漂泊，來到歐洲氣候較為溫暖的地區(qū)。最早西移的一些人后來被稱作凱爾特人，亦即凱撒的軍隊在不列顛發(fā)現(xiàn)的民族。 New words came with the Germanic tribes - the Angles, the Saxons, etc. - that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society. 新的詞匯隨日爾曼部落盎格魯、薩克遜等部落而來，他們在5世紀(jì)的時候越過北海定居在不列顛。他們共同形成了我們稱之為盎格魯薩克遜的社會。 The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter. 盎格魯薩克遜人將他們的農(nóng)耕詞匯留傳給我們，包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field 和work等。他們的日子一定過得很開心，因為他們留傳給我們laughter一詞。 UNIT 81. 在的腹地 in the heart of2. 與和諧相處 live in harmony with3. 富足的農(nóng)場 prosperous farm4. 默默地穿越 silently cross5. 在中 in the mists of6. 令人目不暇接 delight sbs eye7. 以為食 feed on8. 蜂擁而至 pour through9. 悄悄蔓延 creep over10. 死亡的陰影 a shadow of death11. 對迷惑不解 be puzzled by12. 莫名其妙突然死去 sudden and unexplained deaths13. 出奇地安靜 a strange stillness14. 許許多多 scores of15. 開花 come into bloom16. 幾處斑痕 a few patches17. 遭遇災(zāi)難的世界 the stricken world18. 經(jīng)歷的不幸 experience the misfortune19. 多個 a substantial number of20. 想像的悲劇 imagined tragedy21. 嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實 stark reality22. 使鴉雀無聲 silence the voices ofThere was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.從前在美國中心有一個小鎮(zhèn)，那里的萬物看上去都與其四周的環(huán)境融洽相處。小鎮(zhèn)的四周是像棋盤交錯的生意盎然的農(nóng)莊，還有一塊塊的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果園。春天來了，白色的鮮花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡樹、楓樹和樺樹色彩斑斕，在一片松樹林間火焰般地燃燒與跳躍。小山上狐貍吠叫，田野間小鹿靜靜地躍過，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄霧中半隱半現(xiàn)。Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the travelers eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.在路的兩旁，一年中許多時候，月桂樹、莢蓮、榿木、蕨類植物和各樣的野花都能讓過往的行人賞心悅目。即使是冬天，路邊的景色依舊是美不勝收，那里無數(shù)的小鳥來覓取漿果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的種子。事實上，這鄉(xiāng)村正是由于鳥類的數(shù)量和種類之繁多而出名的。在候鳥群潮涌而來的春秋季節(jié)，人們從大老遠(yuǎn)的地方慕名前來欣賞。還有的人來這里的小溪垂釣。清冽的溪水從山中流出，溪水中有許多鱒魚藏身的背陰的水潭。所以，從許多年前開始，第一批居住者就在這里蓋房挖井，搭起了自己的谷倉。