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Unit5 The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 BC. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus (宙斯). The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal dimensions, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The Olympics truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th Olympic Games were held in Paris. Some 3,000 athletes from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the Games featured a closing ceremony. The Winter Olympics debuted (問世) that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned to Athens for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from 201 countries competed, breaking the then record of participating countries. 有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動會的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運(yùn)會每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日與9月19日之間的一個(gè)紀(jì)念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。奧運(yùn)會的標(biāo)志由五個(gè)大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來自世界各地運(yùn)動員的大聚會。奧運(yùn)會真正騰飛、成為一項(xiàng)國際體育盛會是在1924年之后，即第8屆奧運(yùn)會在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來自44個(gè)國家約3,000名運(yùn)動員同場競技，并且第一次在奧運(yùn)會上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運(yùn)會首次亮相，比賽項(xiàng)目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動。80年后，2004年夏季奧運(yùn)會在相隔一個(gè)多世紀(jì)后再次在雅典舉辦，來自201個(gè)國家的近11,000名運(yùn)動員展開競技，創(chuàng)下參賽國數(shù)量之最。 Unit 6 Gap year (間隔年) refers to a period of time —not necessarily a year — in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work. The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university. During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake (承擔(dān)) a working holiday abroad. A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study, home stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study. The practice of taking a year out developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off remains the exception (例外). But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans. Some 40,000 American students participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006. Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer (延期) admission. 間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅游或工作等的一段時(shí)間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前的一段時(shí)間。在這段時(shí)間里，學(xué)生可以旅游、參加志愿者工作或者在國外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加集語言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體的國際教育活動。間隔年的做法于20世紀(jì)60年代興起于英國。它在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國，間隔年的做法仍然只是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象。不過近年來，間隔年對美國人來說變得稍微普遍起來。2013年有大約四萬美國學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。 Unit 7 The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs. The most important thing to understand Americans is probably their devotion (深愛) to "individualism". They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destiny. Americans view themselves as highly individualistic in their thoughts and actions. They resist being thought of as representatives of any homogeneous (由同類組成的) group. When they do join groups, they believe they are special, just a little different from other members of the same group. Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans assign privacy. Americans assume people "need some time to themselves" or "some time alone" to think about things or recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person and who dislike being alone. 在所有美國人的信念中，最基本、最強(qiáng)烈的信念可能就是崇尚個(gè)人自由。要理解美國人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對"個(gè)人主義"的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨(dú)立的個(gè)體，對人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運(yùn)負(fù)責(zé)。美國人認(rèn)為自己的思想和行為高度個(gè)性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質(zhì)群體的代表。如果確實(shí)加入了群體，他們也認(rèn)為自己有特別之處，與同一個(gè)群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。與美國人對個(gè)人主義賦予的價(jià)值緊密相關(guān)的是他們對個(gè)人隱私的重視。美國人認(rèn)為，人"需要有自己的時(shí)間"或者"有時(shí)間獨(dú)處"，用來思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國人很難理解那些總想與人結(jié)伴、不愛獨(dú)處的外國人。 Unit 8 As the worlds only truly universal global organization, the United Nations (UN) has become the foremost forum to address issues that transcend (超越) national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any one country acting alone. The initial goals of the UN are safeguarding (保護(hù)) peace, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for international justice and promoting economic and social progress. In recent years, the UN has been faced with new challenges, such as climate change, international terrorism and AIDS. While conflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be among its primary efforts, the UN, along with its specialized agencies, is also engaged in a wide range of activities to improve peoples lives around the world — from disaster relief, through education and advancement of women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy. The UN and its specialized agencies have helped the world become a more hospitable (熱情友好的) and livable place and brought great benefits to people around the world. 作為世界上唯一一個(gè)真正具有普遍性的世界組織，聯(lián)合國已經(jīng)成為處理超越國界、而且任何一個(gè)國家都無法獨(dú)立解決的問題的首要論壇。聯(lián)合國最初的宗旨是維護(hù)和平、保護(hù)人權(quán)、建立國際公平正義的框架以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會進(jìn)步。近年來，聯(lián)合國又面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、國際恐怖主義和艾滋病等?，F(xiàn)在，解決爭端及維護(hù)和平仍然是聯(lián)合國最主要的任務(wù)。除此之外，聯(lián)合國及其專門機(jī)構(gòu)還致力于各種旨在改進(jìn)世界人民生活的活動，從賑災(zāi)到教育和婦女進(jìn)步，再到原子能的和平使用。聯(lián)合國及其專門機(jī)構(gòu)推動世界成為一個(gè)更加友好、更加宜居的地方，為全世界人民帶來了福祉。 Unit5 太極拳（Tai Chi）是一種武術(shù)（martial arts）項(xiàng)目，也是一種健身運(yùn)動，在中國有著悠久的歷史。 Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. 太極拳動作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。 With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice. 太極拳既可防身，又能強(qiáng)身健體，因而深受中國人的喜愛。 It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people. 太極拳在發(fā)展的過程中，借鑒并吸收了中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容（element），成為特色鮮明的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動。 During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features. 作為中國特有的一種運(yùn)動形式，太極拳也越來越受到眾多外國朋友的喜愛。 As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends. Unit6 改革開放以來，中國的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。 Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, Chinas education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. 中國政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位，堅(jiān)持科教興國（revitalize the country），全面提倡素質(zhì)教育 (quality-oriented education)。 The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. 同時(shí)，積極推進(jìn)教育公平，保障人人有受教育的機(jī)會。 Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. 中國的教育成就反映在兩個(gè)不同的層面：一個(gè)是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育（nine-year compulsory education），另一個(gè)是實(shí)現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（mass higher education）。 Chinas achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass higher education. 教育的發(fā)展為中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。 The development of education has made significant contributions to Chinas economic development and social progress. 近年來，為適應(yīng)社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。 In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields. Unit7 為人誠信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。 Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. "和"的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面。 "Harmony" is demonstrated in various aspects. 在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張"和為貴"以及"家和萬事興"，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧的社會環(huán)境。 In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that "Harmony is most precious" and "A family that lives in harmony will prosper". A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles. 在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會認(rèn)識自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人與人、人與社會、人與自然都需要"和諧"。 As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature. Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature. 如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。 Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. 隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，"和"的思想更加深入人心。 With the development of Chinas society, economy and culture, the idea of "harmony" goes even deeper into peoples hearts. 中國正在向構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。 China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society. Unit8 新中國成立后，中國堅(jiān)持（persist in）獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，在外交領(lǐng)域取得了巨大成就。 Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. 截至2011年，中國已與172個(gè)國家建立了外交關(guān)系（diplomatic relations）。 By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. 近年來，隨著中國綜合國力的提升（enhancement），中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用越來越重要，中國的國際地位得到進(jìn)一步提升。 Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and Chinas international status has been further enhanced. 在地區(qū)性事務(wù)中，中國積極推動各種區(qū)域合作，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和平、促進(jìn)地區(qū)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。 In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. 中國外交（diplomacy）將高舉"和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏"的旗幟（banner），在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，通過全面發(fā)展同各國的友好合作，為建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。 Chinas diplomacy will hold high the banner of "peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit". On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. Unit5 太極拳（Tai Chi）是一種武術(shù)（martial arts）項(xiàng)目，也是一種健身運(yùn)動，在中國有著悠久的歷史。 太極拳動作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。 太極拳既可防身，又能強(qiáng)身健體，因而深受中國人的喜愛。 太極拳在發(fā)展的過程中，借鑒并吸收了中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容（element），成為特色鮮明的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動。 作為中國特有的一種運(yùn)動形式，太極拳也越來越受到眾多外國朋友的喜愛。 Unit6 改革開放以來，中國的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。 中國政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位，堅(jiān)持科教興國（revitalize the country），全面提倡素質(zhì)教育 (quality-oriented education)。 同時(shí)，積極推進(jìn)教育公平，保障人人有受教育的機(jī)會。 中國的教育成就反映在兩個(gè)不同的層面：一個(gè)是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育（nine-year compulsory education），另一個(gè)是實(shí)現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（mass higher education）。 教育的發(fā)展為中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。 近年來，為適應(yīng)社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。 Unit7 為人誠信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。 "和"的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面。 在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張"和為貴"以及"家和萬事興"，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧的社會環(huán)境。 在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會認(rèn)識自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人與人、人與社會、人與自然都需要"和諧"。 如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。 隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，"和"的思想更加深入人心。 中國正在向構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。 Unit8 新中國成立后，中國堅(jiān)持（persist in）獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，在外交領(lǐng)域取得了巨大成就。 截至2011年，中國已與172個(gè)國家建立了外交關(guān)系（diplomatic relations）。 近年來，隨著中國綜合國力的提升（enhancement），中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用越來越重要，中國的國際地位得到進(jìn)一步提升。 在地區(qū)性事務(wù)中，中國積極推動各種區(qū)域合作，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和平、促進(jìn)地區(qū)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。 中國外交（diplomacy）將高舉"和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏"的旗幟（banner），在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，通過全面發(fā)展同各國的友好合作，為建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。