高考英語二輪復習 專題四 語法填空 強化訓練15

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強化訓練15　語法填空(一) (45分鐘，100分) A The Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earths oceans, covering about 46% of the Earths water surface and 32% of its total surface area. It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__(surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east. The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands. The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator. __5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中緯度) for __6__ (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year. The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The exploitation of the Pacifics mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the oceans great depths. In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines. One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacifics greatest wealth is its fish. 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______ 5．______　6.______　7.______　8.______ 9．______　10.______ 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。 1．解析：考查形容詞最高級。根據(jù)句意及空前的“the”可知，此處應該使用形容詞的最高級形式。 答案：largest 2．解析：考查介詞。此處指它從北半球的北極延伸到南半球的南極地區(qū)。from與后面的“to”形成對應。 答案：from 3．解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作伴隨狀語，且由空格后的“by”可知，此處指的是太平洋被圍繞，表被動，故應用過去分詞。 答案：surrounded 4．解析：考查名詞。由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，這里應填一個名詞。major本身可以作名詞，表示“專業(yè)”，顯然不符合語境。此處應用majority“大部分”。 答案：majority 5．解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)water后面的修飾語“near the equator”可知，此處應用定冠詞The表特指。 答案：The 6．解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作定語修飾名詞，故應用其形容詞形式。 答案：abundant 7．解析：考查副詞。此處表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循環(huán)在北半球是順時針方向的，在南半球是逆時針方向的。應用副詞修飾整個句子，故用generally。 答案：generally 8．解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The exploitation，且在從句中作主語，故只能用which。 答案：which 9．解析：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，pearls與harvest之間是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，且本文的基本時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故此處也需用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are harvested。 答案：are harvested 10．解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作worth的賓語，worth后接動詞時應用其ing形式，即用主動形式表被動含義。worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。 答案：mentioning B Everyone seems __1__ (have) his or her own holiday. Dad has Fathers Day. Mom has Mothers Day. Children have Childrens Day. Lovers have Valentines Day. But is there a special day __2__ older people? Of course. The Chongyang Festival is the holiday __3__ Chinese people show love for their elders. __4__ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the festival is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. Nine is the __5__ (high) digit (數(shù)字), so it __6__ (regard) that the two together mean a long life. The festival comes during __7__ golden time of autumn. The clear weather and the joy of harvest make for a happy atmosphere. On the day, people __8__ (traditional) climb a mountain and carry dogwood (茱萸). People in ancient times __9__ (believe) that the plant could drive away evil __10__ (spirit) and prevent people against cold in winter. 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______ 5．______　6.______　7.______　8.______ 9．______　10.______ 【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文，簡單地介紹了中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——重陽節(jié)。 1．解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處指每個人似乎都有自己的節(jié)日。seem后接動詞不定式作賓語。 答案：to have 2．解析：考查介詞。此處表示老人的節(jié)日，強調(diào)“對象”，故用介詞for。 答案：for 3．解析：考查定語從句。重陽節(jié)是中國人向年長的人表達關愛的節(jié)日。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞是表示時間的holiday，且空處在從句中作時間狀語，故用when。 答案：when 4．解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，celebrate與其邏輯主語the festival之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作狀語。 答案：Celebrated 5．解析：考查形容詞最高級?！?”被認為是最大的個位數(shù)字。根據(jù)空前的“the”可知，此處應用high的最高級形式。 答案：highest 6．解析：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。人們認為兩個“9”意味著長壽。根據(jù)上下文可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時，且it與regard之間是被動關系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 答案：is regarded 7．解析：考查冠詞。此處指秋天的黃金時期，是特指，故用定冠詞the。 答案：the 8．解析：考查副詞。所填詞修飾整個句子，故要用副詞形式。traditionally“傳統(tǒng)地”。 答案：traditionally 9．解析：考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“in ancient times”可知此處要用一般過去時。 答案：believed 10．解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。spirit在這里表示“幽靈，鬼魂”，是可數(shù)名詞，故用復數(shù)形式。 答案：spirits C There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is __1__ there are seven times more trees than we __2__ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a __3__ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats a three __4__ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable __5__ (change) anything. What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet __6__ half. A good example of this is __7__ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are __8__ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毀林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “__9__ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort __10__ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.” 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______ 5．______　6.______　7.______　8.______ 9．______　10.______ 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇說明文。文中介紹了地球上樹木的現(xiàn)有量。 1．解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導表語從句，從句成分和句意完整，故用that。 答案：that 2．解析：考查時態(tài)。這里說的是“比我們原本以為的……”，故要用一般過去時。 答案：thought 3．解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“a”可知此處要用名詞形式。 答案：calculation 4．解析：考查非謂語動詞。follow與three之間有邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。 答案：followed 5．解析：考查非謂語動詞。be (un) able to do sth.意為“(不)能做某事”，是常用表達。 答案：to change 6．解析：考查介詞。in half意為“減半”。 答案：in 7．解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應該用定冠詞the特指fact。 答案：the 8．解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指人們應該為樹木的減少負責。be responsible for“對……負責”是固定搭配，故填responsible。 答案：responsible 9．解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處修飾形容詞higher，應用副詞形式。 答案：extremely 10．解析：考查主謂一致、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這項研究表明，如果要在世界范圍內(nèi)恢復健康的森林，那我們需要再做多少努力。主句主語effort與need之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)?！癶ow much more effort”的謂語應用單數(shù)，故應填is needed。此處也可理解為表示將來要發(fā)生的動作，故主句可用一般將來時。 答案：is needed/will be needed D We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be __1__ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China? In US high school, everything __2__ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing __3__ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to __4__ we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their __5__(academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. __6__， theyll be disappointed after graduation from high school. Like university students, the US high school students have the __7__ (free) to choose the courses that most interest __8__ (they). Even a 9thgrader can sit __9__ the same classroom as 12thgraders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years __10__ (young)． 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______ 5．______　6.______　7.______　8.______ 9．______　10.______ 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國學生的高中生活。 1．解析：考查分詞形容詞。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞，意為“令人吃驚的”，符合語境。 答案：surprising 2．解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。everything和謂語record之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系，且表示客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，即is recorded，與graded呼應。 答案：is recorded 3．解析：考查非謂語動詞。fail to do sth.意為“不能做某事”，為固定搭配。 答案：to turn 4．解析：考查名詞性從句?？仗幰龑зe語從句，在從句中作賓語，表示物的概念，故填what。 答案：what 5．解析：考查形容詞。修飾名詞應用形容詞，故用形容詞academic修飾名詞performance，作定語。 答案：academic 6．解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示否則他們高中畢業(yè)后就會感到失望，故用副詞otherwise，意為“否則”，作狀語。 答案：Otherwise 7．解析：考查名詞。由定冠詞the可知，此處應用名詞，即freedom。 答案：freedom　 8．解析：考查代詞。此處應用賓格形式，作動詞interest的賓語，故用them。 答案：them　 9．解析：考查介詞。in the classroom意為“在教室里”，符合語境，故用介詞in。 答案：in 10．解析：考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)上文可知，9年級和12年級的學生比較，自然是年輕一些，故用形容詞的比較級形式，即younger。 答案：younger E Styrofoam is plastic __1__ a bad reputation. It cannot be recycled without releasing (釋放) dangerous pollutants into the air. The U．S. Environmental Protection Agency __2__(say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste. Scientists from the U．S. and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pillsized amount of plastic a day. Study coauthor WeiMin Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic __3__(turn) into carbon dioxide. Are the worms hurt by __4__(eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as __5__(health) as worms eating bran(糠)． Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties(絕緣性), according to Earthsource. org. It is used in products from __6__(cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials __7__ protect items during shipping. “Solving __8__ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited，” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor. About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take __9__ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in Americas landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years __10__ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University. 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______ 5．______　6.______　7.______　8.______ 9．______　10.______ 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中美科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃粉蟲的幼蟲能消化塑料垃圾。 1．解析：考查介詞。with a bad reputation表示“有壞名聲”。 答案：with 2．解析：考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。文章時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主，且主語為單數(shù)名詞，故填says。 答案：says　 3．解析：考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語the plastic為不可數(shù)名詞，與turn之間構(gòu)成動賓關系，且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時，故填is turned。 答案：is turned 4．解析：考查非謂語動詞。介詞by后接動名詞作賓語，故填eating。 答案：eating 5．解析：考查形容詞。系動詞后用形容詞作表語，故填healthy。 答案：healthy　 6．解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后that引導的定語從句中的謂語動詞為keep，故應用復數(shù)名詞cups。 答案：cups　 7．解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是一個定語從句，從句缺少主語且指代物，故填that或which。 答案：that/which　 8．解析：考查冠詞。因problem后有of plastic pollution作后置定語，表示特指，故填the。 答案：the　 9．解析：考查固定搭配。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“占據(jù)(take up)”，故填up。 答案：up　 10．解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)“sth./sb. takes some time to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應填to recycle。 答案：to recycle　 F What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces __1__people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can __2__(free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, its all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by __3__ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six __4__ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts __5__ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen __6__ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. __7__ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make __8__ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and __9__ (grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building __10__ (call) the Black Diamond. 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______ 5．______　6.______　7.______　8.______ 9．______　10.______ 【語篇解讀】　本文講述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。 1．解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞為open spaces，關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故用關系副詞where。 答案：where　 2．解析：考查副詞。修飾動詞短語“socialize and express their ideas”，應用副詞freely。 答案：freely　 3．解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表特指。 答案：the　 4．解析：考查形容詞的最高級。此處表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，應用形容詞最高級。 答案：healthiest　 5．解析：考查介詞。步行占交通總量的80%。account for“占(一定數(shù)量或比例)”，是固定短語。 答案：for　 6．解析：考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。work trips與carry out存在動賓關系，空處應用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)文章的整體時態(tài)可知，空處應用一般現(xiàn)在時；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空處應填are carried。 答案：are carried　 7．解析：考查連詞。當開始上凍的時候，一些城市廣場就變成了巨大的溜冰場。When/As“當……時候”，引導時間狀語從句。 答案：When/As　 8．解析：考查it作形式賓語。本處it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是to skate around。 答案：it　 9．解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。本處and連接兩個并列的名詞kids和grownups。 答案：grownups　 10．解析：考查非謂語動詞。call與被修飾的名詞building之間為動賓關系，應用過去分詞作定語。 答案：called