中考英語 話題二十 自然試題1

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話題二十　自然(Nature) Ⅰ.完形填空 A(2016濟(jì)寧改編) Fraser Island is in Queensland, Australia, about 200 kilometers north of Brisbane. Its about 120 kilometers __1__ and 240 kilometers wide. It is a very important island __2__ it is completely made of sand. __3__， it is the largest sand island in the world. There is no airport on the island, but there is a long beach along the east coast. __4__ arrive and leave from here. The sand makes unusual shapes. There are hills made of sand called sandblows. Nothing grows on __5__. They move one or two meters a year from the northwest towards the southeast of the island, __6__ bigger and bigger. At other places on the island, such as Rainbow Gorge, The Cathedrals and Red Canyon, the sandy rocks have different __7__. Sometimes the rocks are so brown that they __8__ the sea brown, like coffee. Surprisingly, the sandy island has a lot of different plants and animals. There are dark __9__—eucalyptus (桉樹) woods, beautiful flowers and over a hundred lakes. There are many kinds of birds, like owls(貓頭鷹) and curlews(麻鷸). There are many __10__ there, too, such as crocodiles, flying foxes and wild dogs called dingoes. About 500，000 people __11__ the island every year to see the islands beauty and nature. People enjoy camping and hiking(徒步旅行) there. __12__， the visitors cause problems. They damage(破壞) plants and make animals feel afraid. Their sun cream(防曬霜) makes the water __13__. So it is __14__ to manage the visitor. For example, people may not use motor boats __15__ go fishing in the lakes, and they need official papers(官方文件) to drive there. (B)1.A.fat　　 B．long　 　 C．short　　 D．thin (D)2.A.when B．a(chǎn)fter C．before D．because (C)3.A.In the end B．In public C．In fact D．In total (D)4.A.Cars B．Boats C．Buses D．Planes (D)5.A.it B．him C．her D．them (C)6.A.smelling B．looking C．getting D．tasting (B)7.A.sizes B．colors C．prices D．subjects (A)8.A.turn B．become C．draw D．recall (C)9.A.mountains B．rocks C．forests D．clouds (B)10.A.plants B．a(chǎn)nimals C．fruits D．vegetables (D)11.A.buy B．spread C．increase D．visit (A)12.A.Unluckily B．Suddenly C．Finally D．Luckily (C)13.A.clean B．fresh C．dirty D．fascinating (B)14.A.impossible B．necessary C．popular D．polite (A)15.A.or B．so C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了澳大利亞的弗雷澤沙島的自然風(fēng)貌。弗雷澤沙島完全由沙子做成，是世界上最大的沙島。島上風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，動(dòng)植物繁多，每年約50萬人到島上游玩。然而沙島也面臨很多問題：如游客破壞植物、防曬霜把水變臟等等。 【答案精析】 1．B　考查形容詞辨析。fat“胖的”；long“長的”；short“短的；矮的”； thin“瘦的”。由“and 240 kilometers wide”可知是指島的長度。故選B。 2．D　考查連詞辨析。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；after“在……之后”；before“在……前”；because“因?yàn)椤?。分析句子可知“It is a very important island”的原因是“it is completely made of sand”。故選D。 3．C　考查介詞短語辨析。in the end“最后”；in public“公開地”；in fact“實(shí)際上”；in total“總共”。由后半句“it is the largest sand island in the world”可知此空表示“實(shí)際上”。故選C。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。car“車”；boat“小船”；bus“公共汽車”；plane“飛機(jī)”。由前句中的“There is no airport on the island”可知是指飛機(jī)。故選D。 5．D　考查代詞辨析。由上文“There are hills made of sand called sandblows.”可知此空指的是名叫sandblows的hills。故選D。 6．C　考查動(dòng)名詞辨析。smelling“聞”；looking“看”；getting“變得”；tasting“品嘗”。由上文的“move one or two meters a year”和空格后的“bigger and bigger”可知是指“變得”。故選C。 7．B　考查名詞辨析。size“尺寸”；color“顏色”；price“價(jià)格”；subject“科目，主題”。由后句“Sometimes the rocks are so brown”可知這里是指顏色。故選B。 8．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。turn“使變得”；become“變成”；draw“畫”；recall“回憶”。由“l(fā)ike coffee”可知褐色的巖石把海水都變成了褐色。故選A。 9．C　考查名詞辨析。mountain“山”；rock“巖石”；forest“森林”；cloud“云”。由空格后的“eucalyptu(桉樹) woods”可知是指“森林”。故選C。 10．B　考查名詞辨析。plant“植物”；animal“動(dòng)物”；fruit“水果”；vegetable“蔬菜”。由“such as crocodiles, flying foxes and wild dogs called dingoes”可知是指“動(dòng)物”。故選B。 11．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。buy“買”；spread“展開”；increase“增長”；visit“參觀”。由句中“to see the islands beauty and nature”可知是指“參觀”這個(gè)島。故選D。 12．A　考查副詞辨析。unluckily“不幸地”；suddenly“突然地”；finally“最后”；luckily“幸運(yùn)地”。由后句“They damage(破壞) plants and make animals feel afraid.”可知“不幸的”是這些游客帶來了麻煩。故選A。 13．C　考查形容詞辨析。clean“干凈的”；fresh“新鮮的”；dirty“臟的”；fascinating“迷人的”。上文提到游客帶來麻煩，由此可知是防曬霜污染了水。故選C。 14．B　考查形容詞辨析。impossible“不可能的”；necessary“必需的”；popular“流行的”；polite“有禮貌的”。由“and they need official papers(官方文件) to drive there”可知是指“有必要”對(duì)游客進(jìn)行管理。故選B。 15．A　考查連詞辨析。or“或者”；so“所以”；and“并且”；but“但是”。由“may not”可知是否定句，在否定句中連接兩個(gè)并列的成分常用or。故選A。 B (2016白銀改編) 請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所給的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每個(gè)詞限用一次。 cut　size　and　they　lay　colour guard　smell　large　build Ants Everywhere! You can find ants in lots of different places. You can find them in the grass 1 and dirt(灰塵) in your yard. You can find them on trees and in your home. Ants can be different 2 colours. They can be black, brown, red, green, or yellow. Ants have two antennae(觸須) that they use to touch and 3 smell. What Do Ants Look Like? Ants are insects. 4 Their bodies have three parts, and they have six strong legs. Some ants have large, strong jaws(顎). They use their jaws 5 to__cut food and to fight. Ants can be tiny or large. Some big ants are as 6 large as a paper clip(夾子). Ants are very strong for their 7 size. Groups of Ants Most ants 8 build nests under or on tops of the ground. Different ants in the nest have different jobs. The queen ant 9 lays all the eggs. Some worker ants take care of the eggs and baby ants. Some worker ants get food. Soldier ants 10 guard the nest. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文中介紹了螞蟻的生活習(xí)性、顏色、外形以及蟻群的不同分工。 【答案精析】 1．a(chǎn)nd　分析句子可知，空格前的名詞“grass”和空格后的名詞“dirt”是并列關(guān)系。故填and。 2．colours　由空格前的“different”可知此空填名詞。結(jié)合備選單詞及后句“They can be black, brown, red, green, or yellow.”可知是指“顏色”。因不止一種顏色，故應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)colours。 3．smell　由空格前的“touch”和“and”可知此空填動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)及常識(shí)可知螞蟻的觸須是觸摸和嗅覺氣味的工具。故填smell。 4．Their　分析句子成分可知，此空作定語，要用形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞。結(jié)合備選單詞及“Ants are insects.”可知是指“它們的身體”。故填Their，注意句首單詞首字母要大寫。 5．to cut　空格后的food是名詞，此空要填動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合備選單詞及語境“顎是用來切割食物和打架”確定用cut。use sth. to do sth.意為“用某物做某事”。故填to cut。 6．large　由系動(dòng)詞are可確定as...as中間要用形容詞的原級(jí)。再由big確定此空要填large。 7．size　由空格前的“their”可確定此處要填名詞。結(jié)合備選單詞及語境可知填size。 8．build　空格后的“nests”是名詞，此空要填動(dòng)詞，“筑巢”用動(dòng)詞build。主語ants是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。故填build。 9．lays　表示“下蛋”用lay。主語“The queen ant”是第三人稱單數(shù)，故要填lay的第三人稱單數(shù)lays。 10．guard　兵蟻“守衛(wèi)”巢穴，應(yīng)用guard。主語“Soldier ants”是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。故填guard。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A(2016廣州改編) Jellyfish and Crocodiles (水母和鱷魚) Hi, my names Ben. My family, thats Mum, Dad and me, live in Broome in Western Australia. Western Australia is about 80 times larger than Italy, but only 1.5 million people live there. Broome is a town in the north of Western Australia. It has a population of about 12，000. Its right on the coast and is known for its famous Cable Beach, which is 20 km long. We live in the town in a house with a large garden. At weekends I often go fishing or swimming with my friends or my parents. We drive to Cable Beach and look for a quiet place to swim or to fish. We dont go swimming from October to March because there may be box jellyfish in the water. The box jellyfish is one of the most dangerous jellyfish. In Australia, they kill up to 65 people a year. If you are attacked by one, the best thing to do is to pour vinegar(醋) over the area of your body where you are hurt. Thats why we always take a bottle of vinegar with us. Another dangerous animal in Western Australia is the saltwater crocodile. A year ago I went camping in the bush(灌木叢) with my friend Bill and his dad. We wanted to do some fishing and set up camp about 20 metres from a river. Suddenly, at 3 oclock in the morning, we felt something pulling on our tent. Bills father told us to get up and we quickly got out of the tent and ran to the car, which was only 10 metres away. Bills dad started the car and turned on the headlights. In the light, we could see a big crocodile pulling the tent into the river! (C)1.Why doesnt the writer go swimming from October to March? A．Because it is very cold during these months. B．Because he lives far from the beach. C．Because there may be dangerous jellyfish in the water. D．Because he doesnt like to swim during these months. (B)2.What does the underlined word “attacked” mean? A．Kicked.　　　　　 B．Hurt. C．Discovered. D．Burned. (D)3.What does the underlined word “which” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．The bush. B．The tent. C．The river. D．The car. (D)4.Which of the following is true? A．In Australia people never take a bottle of vinegar with them. B．Broome is a town with a population of 1.5 million. C．We go to Cable Beach by bus and look for a quiet place to swim or to fish. D．The crocodile is pulling our tent at 3 oclock in the morning. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了作者對(duì)澳大利亞兩種危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物——水母和鱷魚的認(rèn)識(shí)以及自身的一些經(jīng)歷。 【答案精析】 1．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第四、五句“We dont go swimming from October to March because there may be box jellyfish in the water. The box jellyfish is one of the most dangerous jellyfish.”可知選C。 2．B　詞義猜測題。由后半句“the best thing to do is to pour vinegar(醋) over the area of your body where you are hurt”可知這里是指被水母“傷害或攻擊了”，故選B。 2．D　單詞指代題。由前半句“Bills father told us to get up and we quickly got out of the tent and ran to the car”可知which在此是指“汽車”。故選D。 4．D　推理判斷題。由第四段最后一句“Thats why we always take a bottle of vinegar with us.”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第二段第一、二句“Broome is a town in the north of Western Australia. It has a population of about 12，000”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第三段第三句“We drive to Cable Beach and look for a quiet place to swim or to fish.”可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第五段第四句“Suddenly, at 3 oclock in the morning, we felt something pulling on our tent.”以及文章最后一句“In the light, we could see a big crocodile pulling the tent into the river！”可確定凌晨三點(diǎn)時(shí)鱷魚正在拖我們的帳篷。故選D。 B 請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇五個(gè)還原到文中，使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 Sunflower You cant look at sunflowers and feel sad. Their big faces almost seem to be smiling at you on a summer day as they slowly turn toward the sun. 1__D__They also provide food for bees，birds and squirrels(松鼠) and many other small animals that love to eat the seeds(種子)． 2__A__ People love them, too. You can find bags of them in the stores. They tell you what kind of seeds they are and how they should be planted. There are hundreds of different kinds of sunflowers. 3__E__ They grow to over 10 feet tall and produce big round heads with bright yellow petals(花瓣) that are over a foot across. They grow on strong thick stems(莖) with big heart－shaped leaves. 4__G__ Other kinds of sunflowers, called dwarf, produce small stems and smaller flowers in colors such as light yellow and deep bright orange or red. 5__B__ People there love sunflowers so much, so they named their place“Sunflower”．There are sunflowers everywhere. A．Sunflower seeds arent only delicious to animals. B．Sunflower is also a place in America. C．A bee sits on a sunflower in the garden. D．The flowers can make people happy. E．The biggest ones are Mammoth Russians. F．I think the sunflower is the most beautiful. G．The ripe(成熟的) seed heads sometimes get so heavy that they hang down(掛下來)． 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了向日葵的重要性、外形、果實(shí)和種類。此外，還介紹了美國一個(gè)叫Sunflower的地方，那里到處都種植向日葵。 【答案精析】 1．D　由空格前句“Their big faces almost seem to be smiling at you on a summer day as they slowly turn toward the sun.”可知向日葵能使人開心。七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)含有此意。故選D。 2．A　由空格前句“They also provide food for bees, birds and squirrels(松鼠) and many other small animals that love to eat the seeds(種子)．”可知一些小動(dòng)物喜歡吃葵花籽。再由空格后“People love them, too.”確定A項(xiàng)“葵花籽不僅僅對(duì)動(dòng)物來說是美味”是正確答案。 3．E　空格前句說到了有數(shù)百種不同的向日葵，后句又提到了“They grow to over 10 feet tall and produce big round heads with bright yellow petals(花瓣) that are over a foot across.”，再結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知此空是指最大的向日葵。故選E。 4．G　前兩句說到花瓣和莖，接下去應(yīng)該介紹種子了。故選G。 5．B　由下句“People there love sunflowers so much, so they named their place ‘Sunflower.”可知Sunflower也是個(gè)地名。故選B。 Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話 請閱讀下面對(duì)話，根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容補(bǔ)上所缺的句子，使對(duì)話通順、合理，意思完整。(每空一句) (Two children are in the zoo.) W：Here are the elephants. 1__Are__they__the__largest__animals__on__land? M：Yes, they are the largest animals on land. W：2__How__much__food__does__an__adult__elephant__eat__a__day? M：An adult elephant eats about 150 kilos of food a day. W：3__Are__these__African__elephants? M：No. They are Asian elephants. W：They look the same. 4__What__are__the__differences? M：African elephants are larger than Asian elephants, and have large ears. W：5__Do__they__eat__the__same?__ M：Not exactly.African elephants mainly eat leaves. And Asian elephants mainly feed on grass. W：I see. Ⅳ.書面表達(dá) 假如你是一名動(dòng)物愛好者。請根據(jù)下列提示信息寫一篇短文，介紹中國的國寶大熊貓。 提示：1.短文應(yīng)包括圖表中的全部信息，條理清楚，行文連貫，段落分明； 2．短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和地名； 3．詞數(shù)不少于80，開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Pandas are very lovely._____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【審題指導(dǎo)】細(xì)讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息： 1．寫作時(shí)要使用第三人稱； 2．介紹大熊貓的基本情況時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)； 3．圖表中的全部信息要一一列舉，不要遺漏； 4．詞數(shù)不少于80，開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和地名。 【寫作模板】 【高分范文】 Pandas are very lovely.Theyre__black__and__white.They__have__big__eyes__and__round__ears.They__live__in__the__southwest__forests__and__mountains__of__China.They__feed__on__bamboo.Adult__pandas__usually__spend__twelve__hours__a__day__eating__about__ten__kilos__of__bamboo.They_dont__live__very__long.Usually__they__live__up__to__20__to__30__years.Now__pandas_ _are__in__danger.They__are__fewer__and__fewer__bamboo__forests__for__them__to__live__in.As__far__as__I__know,__therere__only__about__1，600__pandas__in__the__wild. In__zoos__and__research__centers,__therere__about__340__pandas.We__must__do__something__to__protect__them.