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單元語(yǔ)法聚焦三
[名詞復(fù)數(shù)&實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have的用法]
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)
1. I have two big eyes. 我有一雙大眼睛。
2. I don't have ears but I can hear you.
我沒(méi)有耳朵,但我能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)你說(shuō)什么。
3. I have two long legs and two big feet.
我有兩條長(zhǎng)腿和兩只大腳。
4. I'm 1.65 metres tall. 我身高1.65米。
以上四個(gè)句子中都用了名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。你知道名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有哪些嗎?下面就讓我們一起探討一下吧。
1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
(1)一般情況
2、下,在詞尾加-s。例如:
desk→desks(書桌); tree→trees(樹)
(2)以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等結(jié)尾的名詞,通常在詞尾加-es。例如:
bus→buses(公共汽車); box→boxes(盒子);
dish→dishes(盤子)
(3)以-y 結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成要分兩種情況:以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,將y變?yōu)閕,再加-es;以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,直接在詞尾加-s。例如:
city→cities(城市); boy→boys(男孩);
key→keys(鑰匙)
(4)以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些在詞尾加-s,有些在詞尾加-es。例如:
3、piano→pianos(鋼琴); tomato→tomatoes(西紅柿)
注意:初中英語(yǔ)中,以-o結(jié)尾的名詞詞尾后加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)名詞的有 zoo(動(dòng)物園),photo(照片),piano (鋼琴);詞尾加-es的有tomato(西紅柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄)。
(5)以-f 或-fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,一般將-f或-fe改為-ves。例如:
knife→knives(小刀); thief→thieves(賊);
life→lives(生命); wife→wives(妻子)
注意:初中英語(yǔ)中,這類名詞主要有wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf
4、(樹葉),thief(賊),half(一半),self(自己),wolf(狼);它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式均是將詞尾的-f或-fe變?yōu)?ves。另外,也有以-f結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)(如:roof →roofs 屋頂),但這在初中英語(yǔ)中很少見(jiàn)。
2.單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞
初中英語(yǔ)中,單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主要有sheep(綿羊),fish(魚),deer(鹿),Chinese(中國(guó)人),Japanese(日本人),Swiss(瑞士人)等。
注意:fish 有時(shí)也用 fishes,這樣的復(fù)數(shù)形式尤其表示種類。
3.不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
有些名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)則。例如:
man→men
5、(男人);woman→women(女人);
child→children(孩子);tooth→teeth(牙齒);
foot→feet(腳); mouse→mice(老鼠)
注意:一些以-man, -woman 結(jié)尾的合成詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)與 man, woman 的變化形式相同。例如:
policeman→policemen(警察);
policewoman→policewomen(女)警察
但是 human(人),German(德國(guó)人)不是合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)不能仿照 man 的變化規(guī)律,而是按規(guī)則變化,即 humans, Germans。
另外,當(dāng)man和woman用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)時(shí)
6、,若其后被修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則man和woman也要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
man nurse→men nurses(男護(hù)士)
woman doctor→women doctors(女醫(yī)生)
4.有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
初中階段常見(jiàn)的此類名詞有clothes(衣服); glasses(眼鏡); scissors(剪刀); pants(褲子); trousers(褲子)等。
二、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have的用法
1. He has three black hairs. 他有3根黑色的頭發(fā)。
2. I have short black hair. 我留著黑色短發(fā)。
3. He has green
7、eyes. 他長(zhǎng)著綠色的眼睛。
通過(guò)觀察教材上的這三個(gè)句子,我們可以看出,表示“某人擁有某物”時(shí),我們通常會(huì)用到動(dòng)詞have。 關(guān)于它的用法,你了解多少呢?
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have
句式
用法
肯定句
I/You/We/They have…
He/She/It has…
一般疑問(wèn)句
Do I/you/we/they have…?
Does he/she/it have…?
否定句
I/You/We/They don't have…
He/She/It doesn't have…
通過(guò)表格可以看出:have
8、用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般表示“有”,它的第三人稱單數(shù)形式是has。
1. 一般來(lái)說(shuō),主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用has;主語(yǔ)是其他人稱時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用have。例如:
He has two names. 他有兩個(gè)名字。
I have an elder brother. 我有一個(gè)哥哥。
2. 變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常借助助動(dòng)詞do或does。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),借助于助動(dòng)詞does,句中 has還原為have;主語(yǔ)是其他人稱時(shí),借助于助動(dòng)詞do,即“Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+have+…?” 例如:
Does she have any pencils? 她有鉛筆嗎?
Do you hav
9、e brothers?你有兄弟嗎?
3. 變否定句時(shí),一般在have前加don't,在has前加doesn't,此時(shí)has還原為have,即“主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't+have+…”。例如:
They don't have children.他們沒(méi)有孩子。
She doesn't have any pencils. 她沒(méi)有鉛筆。
記憶口訣
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have的用法
動(dòng)詞have表示“有”,位置就在主語(yǔ)后。
“三單”主語(yǔ)用has,其他人稱用have。
一般疑問(wèn)兩法變:一是把它提句前,二是把do/does來(lái)添。
否定句子也一樣,就看not怎么放。
Ⅰ.把下列名詞變
10、成復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.book ________ 2.dress ________
3.story ________ 4.potato ________
5.radio ________ 6.leaf ________
7.glass ________ 8.dish ________
Ⅱ.用have或has填空
1.I ________ many good friends.
2.Tom ________ big blue eyes.
3.My classroom ________ eight windows.
4.The boy in blue pants ______
11、__ long legs.
5.Jenny and Danny________ two black pens.
Ⅲ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.I have two ________(knife).
2.The ________ (student) look sad. What's wrong with them?
3.There are many ________(bus) on the road.
4.A few ________(boy) are drawing on the wall.
5.The ________(child) are playing football
12、 now.
Ⅳ.單項(xiàng)填空
( )1.They come from different ________.
A.country B.countries
C.a(chǎn) country D.countrys
( )2.—How many ________ does a dog have?
—Sorry, I have no idea. Let's search(搜索) on the Internet(網(wǎng)絡(luò)).
A.tooth B.teeth C.tooths D.toothes
( )3.There are two ________
13、and three ________ on the table.
A.a(chǎn)pple; banana B.a(chǎn)pples; banana
C.a(chǎn)pples; bananas D.a(chǎn)pple; bananas
( )4.Most of ________ live in ________.
A.Chinese; Chinese B.China; China
C.Chinese; China D.China; Chinese
( )5.The robot can make ________ for us. They are delicious.
A.a(chǎn)pple B.gla
14、sses C.noodles D.rices
( )6.My mother________ five white hairs.
A.have B.has C.a(chǎn)m D.doesn't
( )7.My friend________ big ears.
A.a(chǎn)re B.is C.has D.have
( )8.Tom and I________ a football.
A.have B.has C.a(chǎn)re D.a(chǎn)m
( )9.Does it________ small ears?
A.have B.has C.is D.a(chǎn)re
( )10
15、.—Do they have nice clothes?
—________.
A.Yes, they have B.Yes, they do
C.No, they do D.No, they have
( )11.—How many ________ can you see in the picture?
—Two.
A.dog B.child C.sheeps D.sheep
( )12.—Are all the students from ________ in your class?
—No,there are only 3 ________ in
16、our class. The others are from other countries.
A.Germany; Germen B.Germany; Germans
C.German; Germans D.German; Germany
( )13.I'm a little hungry now. I only drank(喝) some ________ before I came to school.
A.bread B.milk
C.banana D.noodle
( )14.Health is important(重要的) to us teenagers(青
17、少年),so we should eat more vegetables such as ________ to keep healthy.
A.tomatoes and potatoes
B.tomatos and potatos
C.tomatos and potatoes
D.tomatoes and potatos
Ⅴ.按要求完成下列各題,每空一詞
1.The girl has a big hat.(改為否定句)
The girl ________ ________ a big hat.
2.Tom and Jim have red shirts.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句
18、,并作肯定回答)
—________ Tom and Jim ________ red shirts?
—________, ________ ________.
3.Tom has a beautiful classroom.(用they代替Tom 改寫句子)
________ ________ a beautiful classroom.
4.He has short black hair.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,并作否定回答)
—________ he ________ short black hair?
—________, ________ ________.
5.My t
19、eachers have a_good_office.(對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn))
________ ________ your teachers ________?
詳解詳析
【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】
Ⅰ.1.books 2.dresses 3.stories
4.potatoes 5.radios 6.leaves
7.glasses 8.dishes
Ⅱ.1.have 2.has 3.has
4.has 5.have
Ⅲ.1.knives 2.students 3.buses
4.boys 5.children
Ⅳ.1—5 BBCCC 6—10 BCAAB
11—14 DBBA
Ⅴ.1.doesn't have
2.Do; have; Yes; they do
3.They have
4.Does; have; No; he doesn't
5.What do; have
9