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1、 幾何證明與計(jì)算1如圖,在ABC中,ADBC于點(diǎn)D,BDAD,DGDC,點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn)分別是BG,AC的中點(diǎn) (1)求證:DEDF,DEDF; (2)連接EF,若AC10,求EF的長 2. 如圖,在ABCD中,DECE,連接AE并延長交BC的延長線于點(diǎn)F. (1)求證:ADEFCE; (2)若AB2BC,F(xiàn)36.求B的度數(shù)3. 如圖,在菱形ABCD中,G是BD上一點(diǎn),連接CG并延長交BA的延長線于點(diǎn)F,交AD于點(diǎn)E. (1)求證:AGCG; (2)求證:AG2GEGF. 4. 如圖,在ABC中,C90,B30,AD是ABC的角平分線,DEBA交AC于點(diǎn)E,DFCA交AB于點(diǎn)F,已知CD3. (1)求
2、AD的長; (2)求四邊形AEDF的周長(注意:本題中的計(jì)算過程和結(jié)果均保留根號(hào)) 5. 如圖,在菱形ABCD中,點(diǎn)E,O,F(xiàn)分別為AB,AC,AD的中點(diǎn),連接CE,CF,OE,OF. (1)求證:BCEDCF; (2)當(dāng)AB與BC滿足什么關(guān)系時(shí),四邊形AEOF是正方形?請(qǐng)說明理由 6. 如圖,點(diǎn)E是正方形ABCD的邊BC延長線上一點(diǎn),連接DE,過頂點(diǎn)B作BFDE,垂足為F,BF分別交AC于點(diǎn)H,交CD于點(diǎn)G.(1)求證:BGDE;(2)若點(diǎn)G為CD的中點(diǎn),求的值7. 如圖,在正方形ABCD中,點(diǎn)G在對(duì)角線BD上(不與點(diǎn)B,D重合),GEDC于點(diǎn)E,GFBC于點(diǎn)F,連接AG. (1)寫出線段A
3、G,GE,GF長度之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系,并說明理由; (2)若正方形ABCD的邊長為1,AGF105,求線段BG的長 8. 如圖,在ABC中,ADBC,BEAC,垂足分別為D,E,AD與BE相交于點(diǎn)F.(1)求證:ACDBFD;(2)當(dāng)tanABD1,AC3時(shí),求BF的長9. 如圖,在菱形ABCD中,G是BD上一點(diǎn),連接CG并延長交BA的延長線于點(diǎn)F,交AD于點(diǎn)E.(1)求證:AGCG;(2)求證:AG2GEGF.10. 如圖,在ABC和BCD中,BACBCD90,ABAC,CBCD.延長CA至點(diǎn)E,使AEAC;延長CB至點(diǎn)F,使BFBC.連接AD,AF,DF,EF,延長DB交EF于點(diǎn)N.(1)求證
4、:ADAF;(2)求證:BDEF;(3)試判斷四邊形ABNE的形狀,并說明理由11. 在ABC中,ABM45,AMBM,垂足為M,點(diǎn)C是BM延長線上一點(diǎn),連接AC.(1)如圖,若AB3,BC5,求AC的長;(2)如圖,點(diǎn)D是線段AM上一點(diǎn),MDMC,點(diǎn)E是ABC外一點(diǎn),ECAC,連接ED并延長交BC于點(diǎn)F,且點(diǎn)F是線段BC的中點(diǎn),求證:BDFCEF.12. 如圖,正方形ABCD中,M為BC上一點(diǎn),F(xiàn)是AM的中點(diǎn),EFAM,垂足為F,交AD的延長線于點(diǎn)E,交DC于點(diǎn)N. (1)求證:ABMEFA; (2)若AB12,BM5,求DE的長 參考答案:1. 解:(1)證明:ADBC,ADBADC90.
5、在BDG和ADC中,BDGADC.BGAC,BGDC.ADBADC90,E,F(xiàn)分別是BG,AC的中點(diǎn),DEBGEG,DFACAF.DEDF,EDGEGD,F(xiàn)DAFAD.EDGFDA90,DEDF.(2)AC10,DEDF5,由勾股定理,得EF5.2. 解:(1)證明:四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形,ADBC,ADBC.DECF.在ADE和FCE中,ADEFCE(ASA)(2)ADEFCE,ADFC.ADBC,AB2BC,ABFB.BAFF36.B180236108. 3. 證明:(1)四邊形ABCD是菱形,ABCD,ADCD,ADBCDB.又GD為公共邊,ADGCDG(SAS),AGCG.(2)A
6、DGCDG,EAGDCG.ABCD,DCGF.EAGF.AGEAGE,AGEFGA.AG2GEGF.4. 解:(1)C90,B30,CAB60.AD平分CAB,CADCAB30.在RtACD中,ACD90,CAD30,AD2CD6.(2)DEBA交AC于點(diǎn)E,DFCA交AB于點(diǎn)F,四邊形AEDF是平行四邊形,EADADFDAF.AFDF.四邊形AEDF是菱形AEDEDFAF.在RtCED中,DEAB,CDEB30.DE2.四邊形AEDF的周長為8.5. 解:(1)證明:四邊形ABCD是菱形,BD,ABBCDCAD.點(diǎn)E,O,F(xiàn)分別為AB,AC,AD的中點(diǎn),AEBEDFAF,OFDC,OEBC,
7、OEBC.在BCE和DCF中,BCEDCF(SAS)(2)當(dāng)ABBC時(shí),四邊形AEOF是正方形,理由如下:由(1)得AEOEOFAF,四邊形AEOF是菱形ABBC,OEBC,OEAB.AEO90.四邊形AEOF是正方形 6. 解:(1)證明:BFDE,GFD90.BCG90,BGCDGF,CBGCDE.在BCG與DCE中.BCGDCE(ASA),BGDE.(2)設(shè)CGx,G為CD的中點(diǎn),GDCGx,由(1)可知BCGDCE(ASA),CGCEx.由勾股定理可知DEBGx,sinCDE,GFx.ABCG,ABHCGH.BHx,GHx.7. 解:(1)結(jié)論:AG2GE2GF2.理由:連接CG.四邊
8、形ABCD是正方形,點(diǎn)A,C關(guān)于對(duì)角線BD對(duì)稱點(diǎn)G在BD上,GAGC.GEDC于點(diǎn)E,GFBC于點(diǎn)F,GECECFCFG90.四邊形EGFC是矩形CFGE.在RtGFC中,CG2GF2CF2,AG2GF2GE2. (2)過點(diǎn)B作BNAG于點(diǎn)N,在BN上取一點(diǎn)M,使得AMBM.設(shè)ANx.AGF105,F(xiàn)BGFGBABG45,AGB60,GBN30,ABMMAB15.AMN30.AMBM2x,MNx.在RtABN中,AB2AN2BN2,1x2(2xx)2,解得x,BN.BG.8. 解:(1)ADBC,BEAC,BDFADCBEC90,CDBF90,CDAC90,DBFDAC,ACDBFD(2)ta
9、nABD1,ADB90,1,ACDBFD,1,BFAC39. 解:(1)四邊形ABCD是菱形,ABCD,ADCD,ADBCDB,可證ADGCDG(SAS),AGCG(2)ADGCDG,EAGDCG,ABCD,DCGF,EAGF,AGEAGE,AGEFGA,AG2GEGF10. 解:(1)ABAC,BAC90,ABCACB45,ABF135,BCD90,ACDACBBCD135,ABFACD,CBCD,CBBF,BFCD,可證ABFACD(SAS),ADAF(2)由(1)知AFAD,ABFACD,F(xiàn)ABDAC,BAC90,EABBAC90,EAFBAD,可證AEFABD(SAS),BDEF(3)
10、四邊形ABNE是正方形理由如下:CDCB,BCD90,CBD45,又ABC45,ABDABCCBD90,由(2)知EAB90,AEFABD,AEFABD90,四邊形ABNE是矩形,又AEAB,四邊形ABNE是正方形11. 解:(1)ABM45,AMBM,AMBMABcos4533.則CMBCBM532,AC.(2)證明:延長EF到點(diǎn)G,使得FGEF,連接BG.DMMC,BMDAMC,BMAM,BMDAMC(SAS)ACBD.又CEAC,BDCE.BFFC,BFGEFC,F(xiàn)GFE,BFGCFE.BGCE,GE.BDCEBG,BDGGE. 12. 解:(1)證明:四邊形ABCD是正方形,ABAD,B90,ADBC.AMBEAF.又EFAM,AFE90.BAFE.ABMEFA. (2)B90,ABAD12,BM5,AM13.F是AM的中點(diǎn),AFAM6.5.ABMEFA,即.AE16.9,DEAEAD4.9.7