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1、Unit 3 Language in use構詞法構詞法 (1)合成構詞法 英語中很多單詞是通過合成的方式構成的,它們叫作合成詞。常見的合成詞有合成名詞、合成動詞、合成形容詞、合成副詞這幾種類型。1)合成名詞。如:football足球;handwriting筆跡2)合成動詞。如:download下載;safeguard保衛(wèi)3)合成形容詞。如:world-famous世界聞名的4)合成副詞。如:upstairs在樓上;sometimes有時 (2)派生構詞法 派生法又稱前綴、后綴構詞法,即在一個單詞前或后加上前綴或后綴構成新的單詞。前綴、后綴是英語中常見的擴充詞匯的方式,也是學習英語必須掌握的構
2、詞法。 1)否定前綴,表示“不;相反”: un-。如:unhappy不高興的;unhealthy不健康的 im-。如:impolite不禮貌的;impossible不可能的 in-。如:incorrect不正確的;independent獨立的 dis-。如:disagree不同意;disappear消失 mis-。如:misunderstand誤解 2)其他前綴: inter-,表示“相互”。如:international國際的 over-,表示“超過”。如:overweight超重 super-,表示“超級”。如:superman超人 3)名詞后綴,表示“人”:-er。如:worker工人;
3、teacher教師-or。如:actor男演員;inventor發(fā)明者-ese。如:Chinese中國人;Japanese日本人-ian。如:Australian澳大利亞人-ist。如:pianist鋼琴家;artist藝術家 4)其他名詞后綴:-ment。如:development發(fā)展;movement運動-ness。如:illness疾??;kindness善良-tion。如:invention發(fā)明;action行動 5)形容詞后綴: -able,表示“可能;易于”。如:enjoyable愉快的 -ful,表示“充滿;具有性質”。如:careful仔細的 -less,表示“少的”。如:car
4、eless粗心的 -ly,表示“般的”。如:fatherly父親般的 -al,表示“具有性質的”。如:personal私人的 -en,表示“質地的”。如:golden金色的 3)轉化法 轉化法就是在不改變拼寫形式的基礎上,由一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性,主要有動詞轉化為名詞、名詞轉化為動詞、形容詞轉化為動詞或名詞等。 1)動詞轉化為名詞。如: to dress穿a beautiful dress一條漂亮的裙子 to smell聞a terrible smell難聞的氣味 2)名詞轉化為動詞。如: a cup of water一杯水water the flowers澆花 3)形容詞轉化為名詞。如:
5、a black dress一條黑色的裙子 a girl in black一個穿著黑衣服的女孩【話題呈現(xiàn)話題呈現(xiàn)】 本模塊圍繞“Save our world”展開話題,以節(jié)約能源、保護環(huán)境為主線,讓學生樹立環(huán)保意識,勸說人們增強環(huán)保意識。要求學生能夠在寫作中運用恰當?shù)木湫吞峤ㄗh,并簡要說明理由。【佳句薈萃佳句薈萃】 Its our duty to save water. 節(jié)約水是我們的責任。 As we know, water is very important to man. 正如我們所知,水對人類很重要。 We cant live without water. 沒有水我們無法生存。 The
6、amount of water which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. 適合飲用的水的數(shù)量越來越少。 But some people dont care about it. 但是一些人并不關心它。 Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution. 許多河流和湖泊受到了嚴重的污染。必須采取措施來阻止污染。 Its our/everyones duty to protect our environm
7、ent. 保護環(huán)境是我們/每個人的責任。 It is very important to take care of our environment. 照顧好我們的環(huán)境很重要。 We should not throw away litter everywhere. 我們不應該到處扔垃圾。 We should not spit in a public place. 我們不應該在公共場所吐痰。 If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautifu
8、l. 如果每個人都為保護環(huán)境做貢獻,世界將會變得越來越美好。 Trees are very helpful and important for us. 樹對我們來說是有益又重要的。 We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and healthier lives in the future.為了在未來活得更好更健康,我們應該種越來越多的樹。【寫作任務寫作任務】 有一種節(jié)約叫“光盤”,有一工藝叫“光盤”!所謂“光盤”就是吃干凈你盤子里的食物,拒絕浪費,珍惜糧食!針對這項活動,并根據(jù)提示請以“No Wasting on
9、Food”為題,寫一篇80詞左右的短文,號召大家參與這項活動。 要求提示:Reason: 1. a waste of food/money; 2. pollute the environment; Suggestions: 1. eat up all your food/clear your plate; 2. order less or smaller dishes. 注意:1. 必須包括所有要點,可適當發(fā)揮; 2. 語句流暢,書寫規(guī)范; 3. 文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名、地名等信息; 4. 開頭已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)?!緦懽髦笇А?這是要求學生寫一篇關于拒絕浪費,珍惜糧食的文章,可用一般現(xiàn)在時和第
10、一人稱來寫作。Beginning越來越多的人加入光盤行動越來越多的人加入光盤行動 Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “1 ” campaign(活動).Clearing Our PlateBody描述節(jié)約糧食的重要性描述節(jié)約糧食的重要性 It is a waste of 2 . And its not easy for farmers to 3 for us. There are still too many people in the 4 areas in China. the environment
11、will be 5 by the waste food.Ending可采取的措施及呼吁可采取的措施及呼吁 First, we should 6 all the food. Second, we may order 7 or 8 dishes.food and moneyproduce the foodpoorpollutedeat up less smaller【自主創(chuàng)作自主創(chuàng)作】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Our Plate” campa
12、ign aga-inst wasting food by offering smaller dishes. 【范文展示范文展示】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Our Plate” campaign against wasting food by offering smaller dishes. Many people around also pay more attention to saving food in their life. A
13、number of people have realised the importance of saving food. I believe it is important for us to take an active part in this activity. It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little. And its not easy for farmers to produce the food for us. There are still too many peop
14、le in the poor areas in China, and they dont have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the environment will be polluted by the waste food. We should take action to support the campaign. What should we do in our daily life to support the campaign? First, we should eat up all the food in our plates. Second,
15、 we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant. Third, we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later. In a word, I think we should try our best to cherish the food.【升格點撥】 1. 該篇文章開頭指出越來越多的餐館加入“光盤行動”。 2. 第二段寫節(jié)約食物的必要性。第二段開頭寫出人們認識到節(jié)約食物的重要性,同時又指出節(jié)約食物的原因。 3. 結尾寫減少食物浪費可采取的措施及呼吁大家珍惜食物。最后一段開頭以提問的方式引出要采取的措施進行提問,接下來分述采取的具體措施,最后呼吁大家珍惜食物,杜絕浪費。文章一氣呵成,水到渠成。