《【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit2 Cloning課件 新人教版選修8（全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit2 Cloning課件 新人教版選修8（全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷）（57頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)選修8Unit2 Cloning話題：1.Natural clones and man-made clones(自然克隆和人造克隆)2.The history of cloning(克隆的歷史)3.Controversy about cloning(有關(guān)克隆的辯論)功能：1.Praise and encouragement(表?yè)P(yáng)與鼓勵(lì))2.Acceptance and refusal(接受與拒絕)語(yǔ)法：Revise the Appositive(復(fù)習(xí)同位語(yǔ))重點(diǎn)單詞：differ，twin，straightforward，undertake，bre
2、akthrough，cast，arbitrary，object，objection，forbid，accumulate，owe,retire，bother，strike,drawback，vain，feather，resist，adore，obtain,attain課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：cast down，object to，in favour of，（be） bound to（do），owe.to.，pay off，strike.into ones heart，from time to time,bring back to life，in vain，in good/poor condit
3、ion課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)句型1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.2.Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet.3.The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clone
4、s several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.4.The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.5.You might find this hard at first
5、but it pays off when you come to speak.課程解讀課程解讀要點(diǎn)一：重點(diǎn)單詞1.undertake(undertook,undertaken)vt.著手；從事；承擔(dān)歸納拓展（1）undertake sth.承擔(dān)，接受（責(zé)任、艱苦的工作等）undertake to do sth.同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事undertake that-clause保證(2)undertaking n.任務(wù)；事業(yè)；企業(yè)She undertook responsibility for the changes.她承擔(dān)了作出這些改變的責(zé)任。He undertook to pay the mo
6、ney back within six months.=He undertook that he would pay the money back within six months.他保證六個(gè)月之內(nèi)還錢。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The new laboratories will be constructed this year,and local firms have been asked to_the work.A.assignB.manufactureC.provideD.undertake【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。assign“指派，指定”；manufacture“
7、生產(chǎn)”；provide“提供”；undertake“從事；承擔(dān)”。句意為：新的圖書館將在今年建造，當(dāng)?shù)氐墓颈灰蟪袚?dān)這項(xiàng)工作?！敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.forbid vt.禁止；不許（forbade/forbad，forbidden）歸納拓展（1）forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sth.禁止某事；妨礙某事forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人干某事forbid that.禁止（從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用should+動(dòng)詞原形，s
8、hould可省略）（2）forbidden adj.禁止的；不準(zhǔn)的Forbidden City紫禁城知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The new law forbids smoking in offices.新法律禁止在辦公室吸煙。Their father forbade them to go there.他們的父親不準(zhǔn)他們?nèi)ツ抢?。I forbid that you (should) enter the room.我禁止你進(jìn)入那個(gè)房間。He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不準(zhǔn)他們?cè)偬岬竭@個(gè)話題。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與
9、 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】There is a board by the road，which_“Parking_！”A.writes；forbiddingB.reading；forbiddingC.says；forbiddenD.saying；forbidden【解析】第一個(gè)空意為“牌子上寫著”，可用says 或 reads，因?yàn)槭菑木涞闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以不可用reading 或 saying。第二個(gè)空是forbid parking 的轉(zhuǎn)化形式，因?yàn)閮烧咧g是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)是 Parking forbidden=No parking意為“禁止停車”?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.
10、object vi.反對(duì)，不贊成歸納拓展注意：object常與介詞to連用，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)object to。object to (sb./sth.)反對(duì)(某人/某事)object to doing sth.反對(duì)干某事object to sb.doing sth.反對(duì)某人干某事object that.反對(duì)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I objected that he was too young for the position.我提出反對(duì)意見他太年輕不適合這個(gè)職位。If nobody objects，well postpone the meeting till next week.如果沒(méi)有
11、人反對(duì)，我們就把會(huì)議推遲到下周。We object to being treated like this.我們抗議受到如此待遇。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展（1）objection n.反對(duì)，不贊成have no objection to sb.doing sth.不反對(duì)某人干某事；對(duì)某人干某事無(wú)異議have/take/make an objection to （doing） sth.對(duì)表示反對(duì)raise an objection to sth.對(duì)提出異議（2）object還可用作名詞，意為“物體，物品；目的；目標(biāo)”。accomplish/gain/obtain ones ob
12、ject達(dá)到目的common household objects普通家庭用品知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我極不愿意早起。The object is to educate people about road safety.目的就是教育人們注意交通安全。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析object與oppose這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含有“反對(duì)”之意，但用法有所區(qū)別。（1）object常指口頭上“反對(duì)”、“不贊成”、“不同意”某人或某事。著重“個(gè)人厭惡”和“（由于與個(gè)人有關(guān)而）提出反對(duì)意見”。為不及
13、物動(dòng)詞，接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)后需加介詞to。（2）oppose為常用詞，指“對(duì)某人、某事采取積極行動(dòng)來(lái)反對(duì)”，著重動(dòng)作，尤指“反對(duì)一種觀念、思想、計(jì)劃”等。為及物動(dòng)詞，接賓語(yǔ)后不需加介詞to。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He objected to the adoption of children from abroad.他反對(duì)從國(guó)外領(lǐng)養(yǎng)孩子。Tony does not oppose this scheme at all.托尼一點(diǎn)也不反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】We_to punishing a whole group for one persons fault.
14、A.complainB.objectC.opposeD.resist【解析】complain 意為“抱怨”；oppose 意為“反對(duì)”，后直接跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，不接不定式; resist 意為“抗拒，反抗”，后不接 to；object to 意為“反對(duì)”，其中to 是介詞后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He stood up angrily and_in strong language when they stated their view.A.objectedB.announcedC.declaredD.said【解析】句子的關(guān)鍵詞是angrily，所以s
15、aid,announced,declared均不適合，objected 有“反對(duì)”之意?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.owe vt.欠（賬、錢、人情等）；應(yīng)該把歸功于歸納拓展（1）owe sb.sth./owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物owe sb.an apology該向某人道歉owe sb.for sth.因而欠某人（2）owe sth.to sb./sth.把某事歸功于某人/某事(3)owing adj.欠的；未付的owing to.由于/因?yàn)橹?識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)She still owes her father $3,000.=She stil
16、l owes $3,000 to her father.她還欠她父親3 000美元。We still owe the garage for those repairs.我們還沒(méi)有付給汽車修理廠那筆修理費(fèi)呢。He owes his success to hard work.他的成功是靠勤奮工作。Owing to the rain,the match was cancelled.比賽因雨取消了。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Garter Drusehis being selected for the important task to his courage,devotion a
17、nd knowledge.A.ledB.owedC.devotedD.contributed【解析】由句意“Garter Druse把這次當(dāng)選歸功于他的勇氣、奉獻(xiàn)及知識(shí)”可知答案為B項(xiàng)。owe sth.to sth.意為“把某事歸功于某事”；其他選項(xiàng)與題意不符?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)胡錦濤主席把北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功歸功于全中國(guó)人民。（翻譯句子）【答案】Chairman Hu Jintao owed the success of Beijing Olympic Games to all Chinese people.知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.bother vt.
18、打擾，麻煩；使不安 vi.操心，花費(fèi)時(shí)間、精力（做某事） n.U煩擾，麻煩；C令人煩惱的事或人歸納拓展（1）bother sb.with/about sth.拿某事打擾或煩擾某人bother to do/doing sth.操心做某事bother with/about sth.操心/花費(fèi)時(shí)間或精力做某事It bothers sb.that/to do sth.讓某人感到不安的事是；使某人苦惱的是知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)（2）have no/much/little bother （in） doing sth.做不費(fèi)力/很費(fèi)力/幾乎不費(fèi)力It bothers me that he ha
19、snt been telling me the truth.他一直沒(méi)有對(duì)我講真話，這讓我很苦惱。I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。Sorry to bother you，but theres a call for you on line two.很抱歉打擾一下，二號(hào)線有你的電話。I had no bother （in） finding your house.我很容易就找到了你家。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析bother，disturb，trouble與annoy這組詞都表
20、示“使人不得安寧”或“心煩意亂”。（1）bother指干擾別人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安寧，可能是故意的，含有使人討厭的意味。（2）disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一時(shí)得不到安寧，精力不能集中，語(yǔ)氣比bother弱。（3）trouble常指在心情上失去平靜而感到憂慮、苦惱或行動(dòng)上帶來(lái)不便，也常用于禮貌的請(qǐng)求。(4)annoy通常指重復(fù)性的行為使（別人）生氣。常用被動(dòng)，表示為某事煩惱、生氣。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Dont_your father about it now;he is very tired.A.care B.BotherC.setD.get【解析】考查
21、動(dòng)詞bother的用法。bother sb. about sth.“拿某事來(lái)煩擾某人”。句意為：現(xiàn)在不要拿它來(lái)煩擾你的父親，他非常疲憊?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)6.resist vt. 抵抗；抵制；反抗；忍耐（多與cannot,couldnt連用）歸納拓展（1）resist sb./sth.抵制、阻擋某人/某物resist doing sth.反對(duì)/抵制做某事cant/couldnt resist doing sth.忍不住做某事be hard/impossible to resist難以拒絕（2）resistance n. 抗拒；反抗；抵抗力resistant adj.
22、 抵抗的，有抵抗力的；耐的be resistant to sth.對(duì)有抵抗力知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Theyre determined to resist pressure to change the law.他們決心頂住要求改革法律的壓力。The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.銀行強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)降低利率。I couldnt resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日記。There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.這項(xiàng)新的
23、法規(guī)已經(jīng)遇到很多的抵制。Elderly people are not always resistant to change.上了年紀(jì)的人并不總是抵制變革。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望resist 后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能跟to do形式。像這樣的詞還有enjoy，avoid，mind，risk，escape，suggest等?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】This special coating is designed to_rust.A.assistB.persistC.resistD.tolerate【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：制造這一特別的涂層是為了防銹。assist 意為“幫助”；
24、persist 意為“堅(jiān)持”；tolerate 意為“忍受”，均不合題意。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The genes of the cloned animals are so arranged that they cant_such a disease,so they soon died.A.keepB.ResistC.existD.stop【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。keep“保持”；resist“抵制，抵抗”；exist“存在（不及物動(dòng)詞）”；stop“阻止”。本句意思不是“阻止疾病”，而是表示對(duì)疾病沒(méi)有抵抗能力，故選B項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)
25、二：重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型1.pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清；還清歸納拓展pay sth.off全部?jī)斶€；償清（債務(wù)）pay sb.off付清某人工資并解雇pay for.為交款，為付出代價(jià)pay sb. for sth.=pay sth. to sb. for sth.付錢給某人作為的費(fèi)用pay back償還；還債；報(bào)復(fù)pay up付清全部欠款知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)His efforts paid off when the girl accepted his proposal.他的努力沒(méi)有白費(fèi)，女孩接受了他的求婚。Our plan certainly paid off；it
26、 was a great idea.我們的計(jì)劃當(dāng)然成功了，那是個(gè)好主意。We paid off our mortgage after twenty years.我們歷經(jīng)20年還清了抵押借款。Ill pay him back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone.他讓我當(dāng)眾出丑，我非報(bào)復(fù)他不可。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last .A
27、.put offB.paid offC.taken offD.kept off【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。從句子的意思分析得知，此處用 pay off，表示“幾年的忍耐和困苦終于得到了回報(bào)”。put off“延期，推遲”；take off“脫下（衣帽）等；飛機(jī)起飛”;keep off“遠(yuǎn)離”，均與題意不符?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.cast down使沮喪歸納拓展cast an eye/ones eyes over sb./sth.很快地看某人或某事物cast ones mind back to sth.回顧，回想cast sth./sb.aside拋棄be cast
28、away（船遇難后幸存者）漂流某處cast light on/upon=throw light on/upon弄清楚Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness was more appropriate to a much older animal.知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)克隆科學(xué)家沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的動(dòng)物身上。He felt cast down when he discovered the fate of the breakthrough clone.發(fā)現(xiàn)突破性克隆動(dòng)物的命運(yùn)使他很沮喪。
29、His research findings could cast new light on the origins of the universe.他的研究成果可能會(huì)使人們對(duì)宇宙的起源有新的認(rèn)識(shí)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 by the_news that he had developed cancer,he didnt know what to do.A.Cast down；alarmingB.Casting down；alarmedC.Cast down；alarmedD.Casting down；alarming【解析】句意為：他患上癌癥的令人憂慮的消息使他很沮喪，
30、他不知所措。cast down是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“使沮喪；推倒”，常使用其被動(dòng)形式。alarming是形容詞，意思是“使人驚慌的；憂慮的”，在此作定語(yǔ)，修飾news?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.（be） bound to （do）一定（做）；有責(zé)任或義務(wù)做某事歸納拓展（1）bound v.跳躍；限制 n.跳；跳躍；界限，范圍adj.必然的，一定的；準(zhǔn)備到去的（2）be bound （for.） 準(zhǔn)備（去）be bound up in熱衷于，忙于be bound up with與有密切關(guān)系Ill be bound.我確信知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)You have
31、 done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam.你下了這么大功夫，你一定會(huì)通過(guò)考試的。I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much！我覺得有必要跟你說(shuō)，你酒喝得太多了！The plane is bound for New York.這架飛機(jī)是飛往紐約的。Hes too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.他工作太忙，沒(méi)有時(shí)間多陪孩子們。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The mar
32、riage on the basis of money_break up.A.is determined toB.is going toC.is bound toD.is hoping to【解析】句意為：建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻注定會(huì)解體。be bound to.“注定會(huì)”；be determined to do“決心干”；be going to“將要”，只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.bring back to life使復(fù)生，使復(fù)活歸納拓展bring sb./sth.to life使更有趣、更生動(dòng)，給以活力come to (life)變得活躍，蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)，
33、開始有生氣bring sb./sth.back 給某人帶回某物；使回憶起；交回某人/某物come to oneself (不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)Can dinosaurs possibly be brought back to life through cloning?通過(guò)克隆，恐龍有可能復(fù)生嗎？知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The girl was brought back to life by the doctors and nurses.醫(yī)生和護(hù)士使這個(gè)女孩活過(guò)來(lái)了。Nobody wants to bring back the days of child labour.沒(méi)有人希望
34、回到雇用童工的日子。Pour some water on his facehell soon come to himself.往他臉上潑些水，他很快就會(huì)蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】It is reported that the Israeli scientists have_a seed of more than 2,000 years back to life recently.A.sentB.broughtC.givenD.come【解析】句意為：據(jù)報(bào)道，以色列科學(xué)家最近使一粒2 000多年的種子發(fā)芽了。bring.back to life“使復(fù)蘇”；come
35、 back to life“復(fù)活”，為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組；send back（送回），give back（歸還某物）都不與to life連用?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.You might find this hard at first but it pays off when you come to speak.你可能在開始時(shí)覺得困難，但當(dāng)你說(shuō)起來(lái)了，你會(huì)覺得很有效果。（1）find+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)（adj./n./adv./v.-ing/p.p./prep.短語(yǔ)）When he woke up，he found himself in hospital.當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院
36、里。When he returned to his hometown，he found the situation unchanged.當(dāng)他回到家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)形勢(shì)仍然未改變。I suddenly found myself running down the street.我不知不覺突然在街上跑了起來(lái)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)（2）這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果find的賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式或從句的形式，則需用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)后邊。I find it amazing that theyre still together.他們還在一起，這使我大吃一驚。誘導(dǎo)展望find，leave，ma
37、ke，keep 等詞后跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常出現(xiàn)在各類題目中，每年高考題均有涉及，考生應(yīng)該引起足夠的重視。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】We often meet with some groups of words even some English native speakers find .A.confuseB.ConfusingC.to confuseD.confused【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子結(jié)構(gòu)的整體把握能力。句意為：我們經(jīng)常碰到一些甚至連母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的人都認(rèn)為讓人困惑的詞組。形容詞confusing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明some groups of words的性質(zhì)?！敬鸢浮?/p>
38、B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三：語(yǔ)法：復(fù)習(xí)同位語(yǔ)1.同位語(yǔ)的定義同位語(yǔ)是句子成分的一種。它位于名詞、代詞后面，說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況，可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.同位語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式（1）用名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞作同位語(yǔ)My aunt Lena is staying with me.我的姨媽麗娜和我住在一起。We completed the project in six months，half the usual time.我們用六個(gè)月的時(shí)間完成了這項(xiàng)工程，這只是平常時(shí)間的一半。Is there room for us two？有我們兩個(gè)人
39、的位置嗎？知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)（2）用形容詞或詞組作同位語(yǔ)People，old and young，came out to greet the distinguished visitors.老老少少都出來(lái)迎接貴賓。It has several waiting rooms，all airy and filled with chairs and sofas.它有幾間候車室，通風(fēng)很好，擺滿了椅子和長(zhǎng)沙發(fā)。（3）由such as，that is引導(dǎo)Some subjects,such as maths and physics,are very difficult to learn.某些
40、學(xué)科，例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理，是很難學(xué)的。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)（4）由of或or引導(dǎo)This is Mr Zhou,director of our hospital.這是我們醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)周先生。It is zoology,or the study of animals.這是動(dòng)物學(xué)，即對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。（1）同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句，大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)，常常跟在fact，idea，opinion，promise,thought,news，hope，report，doubt，reply等詞之后。同位語(yǔ)
41、從句一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容，在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他是勝任這份工作的。（2）引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通常有連詞 that （沒(méi)有詞義，不作成分，不能省略），whether；連接副詞 when，where，how，why等。I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on again.我不知道卓別林的電影何時(shí)能再次放映。 知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)注意：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。He must answer the
42、 question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。（3）有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在要說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。Word came that the president would come to inspect our city.有消息說(shuō)總統(tǒng)要來(lái)視察我們的城市。（4）一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表
43、示，should可省略。This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求：盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)（5）同位語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：從先行詞來(lái)看同位語(yǔ)從句與名詞在本質(zhì)上是同一的，是形式與內(nèi)容的關(guān)系，該名詞是需要做特殊說(shuō)明的抽象名詞。而定語(yǔ)從句無(wú)上述邏輯關(guān)系，與其前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通過(guò)了考試這一消息是真的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，即從句所表
44、達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容）The news that he told me just now is true.他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。（定語(yǔ)從句，從句對(duì)前面名詞起修飾限制作用，即“他告訴我的”那個(gè)消息，而不是別的消息）知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)從引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)看引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，that不可省略；that在定語(yǔ)從句中是關(guān)系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，有具體詞義，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還可以省略。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many
45、 people.計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）The idea that he told me is interesting.他告訴我的想法很有趣。（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)）知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The news worried us_ a Chinese merchant ship was kidnapped by the Somali pirates.A.whatB.WhichC.thatD.though【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，具體說(shuō)明the news 的內(nèi)容。句意
46、為：中國(guó)的一艘商船被索馬里海盜綁架的消息使我們感到擔(dān)憂。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A.ifB.WhenC.thatD.which【解析】that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，具體說(shuō)明thought的內(nèi)容。that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Doris success lies in the fact_she is coo
47、perative and eager to learn from others.A.whichB.ThatC.whenD.why【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。后面的從句具體解釋說(shuō)明fact的內(nèi)容?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Is this the reason_ at the court for his careless driving in the street?A.he explainedB.what he explainedC.how he explainedD.why he explained【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。he explained是定語(yǔ)從句省去了關(guān)系代詞that/which?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)
【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit2 Cloning課件 新人教版選修8（全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷）
