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reciprocation stokers present situation
reciprocation types stoker its own structure superiority
1) structure simple, the service quantity is small In the reciprocation type stoker, the electric motor and thereduction gear use the standard letter, other majorities are theweldments, the vulnerable part are few, uses under the coal mineextreme condition, its serviceability deeply measure unit to be used'shigh praise.
2) the performance is stable The reciprocation type stoker to the coal trademark, the sizecomposition, request and so on moisture content, physical property islax, when comes to expect the non-uniformity, the moisture contentdoes not stabilize also clamps has the big lump coal, Rubber Belt, thewood and the steel wire isochronism, still could the normal work.
3) the noise is low The reciprocation type stoker right and wrong Vibration has thesource for material equipment. its noise only to have the electricmotor and the reduction gear, but these two noises very are all low.Especially in the mine shaft or Bunker and so on the enclosed place,the noise is unable to proliferate, this point is electricallyoperated is unable for the material machine to achieve.
4) installs conveniently, is highly small The reciprocation type stoker generally installs in Bunker thewarehouse mouth, does not need other configuration warehouse mouthstrobe distill trough and the support of motor, the installment mayreach one's goal instantly, the adjustment work load is small, butelectrically operated stoker because cannot directly withstand thewarehouse pressure, needs moreover to place the warehouse mouthtransition Chute under, compares, the reciprocation type stoker holdshighly slightly, has saved the floor space and the investment.
developments large-scale reciprocation type stoker necessity Is precisely because the reciprocation type stoker has theabove characteristic, we believed, in the coal mine mine shaft and theground production system pharynx and larynx link, and in other needcontrol noises links, should the first choice reciprocation typestoker. The expanded series reciprocation type stoker should satisfythe following request.
1) satisfies the large-scale mine pit productivity the request Along with the our country coal mine pit unceasing expansion,the hour productivity also is increasing, for example: The well is 2.4million t/a, 3 million t/a. 4 (XI ten thousand t/a mine pit, hourproductivity separately for 42 "h, 928t/h, 1238t/h. The mine pit hourproductivity increase, the request enhances the stoker theproductivity. At present, the mine pit mine shaft raw coaltransportation more and more many uses the adhesive tape conveyer, inother words, the mine shaft used the stoker the link to increase.Although may use many small models stoker jointly to arrange satisfiesthe big productivity the request, but arranges many stokers to need toexpand Weighed the room, the increase project investment moreover manyarrangement, the system reliability reduces, the noise increases, hasthe problem the probability also relatively to increase. brings thecertain trouble to the service. Loads a car the system in the useadhesive tape conveyer, is in the ground production system uses stokermost places, moreover the request gives the coal ability quite to bebig. Loads a car the system if uses Electric vibrator for the material machine,not only increased has loaded a car moreover the noise very to behighly big. Installs the large-scale reciprocation type stoker, notonly causes the hour productivity to increase, moreover also forloaded a car the system equipment shaping to provide has been biggermay choose the scope.
2) loads the belt type necessary with the host well bottom of the well(beat) the conveyer The main well bottom of the well loads the belt type (beat)the quota conveyer type bottom of the well charging gear developmenttendency, lists as the coal key scientific research item, when thequota conveyer idling speed loading is requested for the coalequipment ability 801) above ttb, the existing K series stoker cannotmeet this requirements. Although also may use for the material strobe^ material, but for the material strobe for estimated easily the rawcoal moisture, the granularity influence, causes for the materialnon-uniformity. But the large-scale reciprocation type stoker maysatisfy this request
large-scale reciprocation types deceive the coal machinestructural style characteristic We through carry on the analysis to the former stokerinvestigation, has carried on the thorough computation to thestructure pattern, to the essential stress spot like tank, the doubleconnecting rod, the base held the roller and so on to carry on thestress analysis, carried on the examination computation using thefinite element principle. Altogether has following fivecharacteristics.
1) entire machine uses the frame Themselves to be possible to unload thetype Because considered the mine shaft transportation theconvenience and the mine shaft industry and mining limit, entiremachine uses a minute writing style, moreover considered the mineshaft welding inconvenient, uses the bolt vice- joint, the side bar toconsider the external drum the possibility and the endophragm wear theneed, lays down in the flank Reinforced inside Lining, strengthened thewhole rigidity and the intensity.
2) increases Daoban the guidance and the blocking In makes the reciprocal motion under Daoban to additionallybuild several groups of requests rollers wheel, on the one handchanges Daoban the sliding friction for to roll the friction, reducedthe attrition, on the other hand also causes Daoban the rigidityenhancement. Moreover, for prevented Daoban is transporting Moves in the process to have runs the leaning phenomenon, inDaoban two sides installments guidance wheel.
3) uses the hyperbolic trough drive type The stoker drive uses the hard tooth face reduction gear,ordinary plug shaft coupling (but non- fluid strength coupler), doubleoutput shaft form, like this, not only reduced the cost moreover tocause the unilateral Axis radial direction load only is the bottomsurface thrust force one half, is carried the condition bigimprovement, moreover, further enhanced the stability which Daobanmoved.
4) carries on the optimization to the Daoban structure Formerly K series stoker plate strobe, the material had manyproblems in shipping, for estimated could not enhance the key also layin this. Therefore, we have carried on the optimization to Daoban,designs for the steps and ladders, Not only caused the material process load to enlarge, moreoverthe Daoban itself intensity also obtained further enhances.
5) changes the fan strobe for the manual plate strobe Controls expects how many the key to be decided by the strobe,the strobe always uses the fan structure in the former K series, butdiscovered from the field use, the fan strobe and the warehouse wallfrequently bump, the scene often when installs the strobe can not butknock the warehouse wall a part, causes the warehouse wall theintensity to weaken, based on, we uses the manual plate strobe,matches the guidance wheel under the damper plate, simultaneously hasthe positioning device on the axis.
economic efficiency analysis In needs 2000t/under the h transport capacity condition,arranges two University of Taiwan stoker with simultaneously toarrange four K 14 stokers or four Electric vibrator stokers its economicefficiency quite is as follows.
1) Weighed proclaims the mining quantity The big Weighed room not only causes the mining quantity toincrease, moreover can bring many negative effects along with it, fourreciprocation types stoker union arrangement, should consider betweenthe equipment must remain has the overhaul space, holds Zuo the space,like this, its Weighed room resilience is bigger than two University ofTaiwan reciprocation type stoker; But if uses four vibrations todeceive the material machine, needs the height difference in a bigway, moreover because its noise is big, the small Weighed room cannotsatisfy its request. Speaking of this parameter, arranges twoUniversity of Taiwan stoker the plan is most economical.
2) power consumption comparison The large-scale reciprocation type stoker power is notcertainly big, two University of Taiwan stoker power consumption andfour K 14 stokers or Electric vibrator the stoker is nearly impartial.
3) equipment operating cost comparison Large-scale stoker vulnerable very few, moreover because usesthe standard hard tooth face reduction gear, causes the servicequantity minimum, but four stokers because number increasing, themaintenance cost also is corresponding is large-scale stoker twotimes, Electric vibrator the stoker is unable in this point with it to compare. Develops the large-scale reciprocation type stoker, met our countrycoal need to develop, expanded in the coal mine production systemdesign to give the coal equipment the shaping scope. In particular inJining two mine pits success uses, for me The country provided has been new large-scale for the coalequipment, should give the vigorously promoted use.
中文譯文
往復給煤機現(xiàn)狀
一、往復式給煤機其自身結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)越性
1) 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，維修量小
在往復式給煤機中，電動機和減速器均采用標準件，其余大部分是焊接件，易損部件少，用在煤礦惡劣條件下，其適用性深受使用單位的好評。
2 )性能穩(wěn)定
往復式給煤機對煤的牌號，粒度組成，水分、物理性質(zhì)等要求不嚴，當來料不均勻，水分不穩(wěn)定且夾有大塊煤、橡膠帶、木頭及鋼絲等時，仍能正常工作。
3 )噪音低
往復式給煤機是非振動式給料設備．其噪音發(fā)生源只有電動機和減速器，而這兩個的噪音都很低。尤其在井下或煤倉等封閉型場所，噪音無法擴散，這一點是電動給料機所無法達到的。
4 )安裝方便、高度小
往復式給煤機一般安裝在煤倉倉口，不需另外配制倉口閘門餾槽及電動機支座，安裝可一步到位，調(diào)整工作量小，而電動給煤機由于不能直接承受倉壓，需要另外安放倉口過渡溜槽，相比之下，往復式給煤機占有高度小，節(jié)省了建筑面積和投資。
二、研制大型往復式給煤機的必要性
正是由于往復式給煤機具有上述的特點，我們認為，在煤礦井下和地面生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的咽喉環(huán)節(jié)，及在其他需要控制噪音的環(huán)節(jié)，應首選往復式給煤機。擴大系列的往復式給煤機應滿足下列要求。
1 )滿足大型礦井生產(chǎn)能力的要求
隨著我國煤礦井型的不斷擴大，小時生產(chǎn)能力也在增加，例如：井型為240萬t／a，300萬t／a。4(Ⅺ萬t／a的礦井，小時生產(chǎn)能力分別為了42“h，928t／h，1238t／h。礦井小時生產(chǎn)能力的增加，要求提高給煤機的生產(chǎn)能力。目前，礦井井下原煤運輸越來越多地采用膠帶輸送機，也就是說，井下使用給煤機的環(huán)節(jié)增加了。雖然可以采用多臺小型號給煤機聯(lián)合布置來滿足大生產(chǎn)能力的要求，但布置多臺給煤機需要擴大硐室，增加工程投資 況且多臺布置，系統(tǒng)可靠性降低，噪音增大，出問題的機率也相對增多．給維修帶來一定的麻煩。在使用膠帶輸送機的裝車系統(tǒng)，是地面生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中使用給煤機最多的地方，而且要求給煤能力比較大。裝車系統(tǒng)若采用電振給料機，不但增加了裝車的高度而且噪音很大。安裝大型往復式給煤機，不僅使小時生產(chǎn)能力增大，而且也為裝車系統(tǒng)設備的選型提供了更大的可選范圍。
2) 與主井井底裝載帶式(板式)輸送機配套
主井井底裝載帶式(板式)定量輸送機式井底裝載設備的發(fā)展趨勢，被列為煤炭重點科研項目，定量輸送機慢速裝載時要求給煤設備的能力801)ttb以上，現(xiàn)有的K系列給煤機達不到這一要求。雖然也可采用給料閘門^料，但給料閘門的給料量易受原煤的水份、粒度影響，使給料不均勻。而大型往復式給煤機可滿足這一要求
三、 大型往復式紿煤機的結(jié)構(gòu)形式特點
我們通過對以往給煤機的調(diào)查進行分析，對結(jié)構(gòu)型式進行了周密的計算，對關鍵受力部位如槽箱、雙連桿、底部托輥等進行了受力分析，利用有限元原理進行校核計算。共有以下五個特點。
1)整機采用框袈可卸式
由于考慮到井下運輸?shù)姆奖愫途鹿さV的限制，整機采用分體式，而且考慮到井下焊接的不便，盡 用螺栓副聯(lián)接，側(cè)板考慮到外鼓的可能與內(nèi)壁磨損的需要，在外側(cè)加筋內(nèi)側(cè)鋪設襯板，加強了整體的剛度和強度。
2) 增加導板的導向與支撐裝置
在做往復運動的導板下增設幾組托輥輪，一方面變導板的滑動摩擦為滾動磨擦，減少了磨損，另一方面也使導板的剛度提高。另外，為防止導板在運
動過程中有跑偏現(xiàn)象，在導板兩側(cè)安裝導向輪。
3) 對導板結(jié)構(gòu)進行優(yōu)化
以往K系列給煤機的平板閘門，物料在運送中存在不少問題，給料量一直不能提高的關鍵也在于此。為此，我們對導板進行了優(yōu)化，設計為階梯型，
不但使物料處理量加大了，而且導板本身的強度也得到進一步地提高。
4) 變扇型閘門為手動平板閘門
控制來料多少的關鍵取決于閘門，閘門在以往的K系列中一直采用扇型結(jié)構(gòu)，但從現(xiàn)場使用中發(fā)現(xiàn)，扇型閘門與倉壁經(jīng)常相碰，現(xiàn)場往往在安裝閘門時不得不把倉壁敲去一部分，使倉壁的強度削弱，基于次，我們采用手動平板閘門，在閘板下配導向輪，同時在軸上配有定位裝置。
四、經(jīng)濟效益分析
在需要2000t／h運輸能力的條件下，布置兩臺大型給煤機與同時布置四臺K一4給煤機或四臺電振給煤機其經(jīng)濟效益比較如下。
1) 硐宣開采量
大硐室不僅使開采量增大，而且會隨之帶來許多負效應，四臺往復式給煤機聯(lián)合布置，應考慮設備之間要留有檢修空間，操作空間，這樣，其硐室工程量大于兩臺大型往復式給煤機；而若采用四臺振動給料機，需要高度差大，而且由于其噪音大，小的硐室也不能滿足其要求。就這一參數(shù)而言，布置兩臺大型給煤機的方案是最經(jīng)濟的。
2) 耗電量比較
大型往復式給煤機的功率并不大，兩臺大型給煤機的耗電量與四臺K一4給煤機或電振給煤機幾乎持平。
3) 設備運行費用比較
大型給煤機的易損件很少，而且由于采用標準硬齒面減速器，使維修量極小，而四臺給煤機由于臺數(shù)的增多，維修費也相應是大型給煤機的兩倍，電振給煤機在這一點上更無法與之相比。
研制大型往復式給煤機，適應了我國煤炭發(fā)展的需要，擴大了煤礦生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)設計中給煤設備的選型范圍。尤其是在濟寧二號礦井的成功使用，為我
國提供了新的大型給煤設備，應予大力推廣使用。