角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)-沖壓模具【含22張圖紙】
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無錫太湖學(xué)院冷沖壓工藝卡片零件名稱角片套零件圖號(hào)116001材料牌號(hào)及規(guī)格H62M0.846.1L毛坯種類帶料毛坯尺寸46.1L每毛坯可制件數(shù)1件/每41.6工序號(hào)工序名稱工序內(nèi)容沖壓設(shè)備工藝裝備一次加工數(shù)工 序 附 圖10沖裁1個(gè)側(cè)刃J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)120沖孔切口J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)130拉深第1次拉深J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)140拉深第2次拉深J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)150沖孔沖導(dǎo)正孔J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)160拉深第3次拉深J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)170整形整形J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)180沖孔沖孔J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)190沖孔切廢料J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)1100沖裁彎曲切斷、彎曲J23-40模具和自動(dòng)送料機(jī)構(gòu)1110檢驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)班級(jí)機(jī)械95姓名劉強(qiáng)力學(xué)號(hào)0923228日期2013.5.17批改日期編 號(hào) 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) ( 論 文 ) 題目: 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動(dòng) 化 專 業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào): 0923228 學(xué)生姓名: 劉強(qiáng)力 指導(dǎo)教師: 鐘建剛 (職稱:副教授) (職稱: ) 2013 年 5 月 25 日 無錫太湖學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 誠 信 承 諾 書 本人鄭重聲明:所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 角片套冷沖 壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所 取得的成果,其內(nèi)容除了在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)中特別加以標(biāo)注 引用,表示致謝的內(nèi)容外,本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)不包含任何其 他個(gè)人、集體已發(fā)表或撰寫的成果作品。 班 級(jí): 機(jī)械 95 學(xué) 號(hào): 0923228 作者姓名: 2013 年 5 月 25 日 I 無 錫 太 湖 學(xué) 院 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動(dòng) 化 專 業(yè) 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 論 文 任 務(wù) 書 一、題目及專題: 1、題目角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 2、專題 二、課題來源及選題依據(jù) 來源于無錫海諾有限公司,是電器產(chǎn)品上的一個(gè)零件。 模具是機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)的一個(gè)專業(yè)方向,選擇模具方 向的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目完全符合本專業(yè)的要求,從應(yīng)用性方面來說,模 具又是生產(chǎn)效率極高的工具之一,能有效保證產(chǎn)品一致性和可更換 性,具有很好的發(fā)展前途和應(yīng)用前景。連續(xù)模在模具中技術(shù)含量高, 制造、裝配難度大,因此本課題研究連續(xù)模的沖壓工藝、排樣方案、 模具結(jié)構(gòu)分析等方面,同時(shí)要求學(xué)生要有良好的心理素質(zhì)和仔細(xì)認(rèn) 真的作風(fēng),對(duì)學(xué)生也是一次很好的練習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。 三、本設(shè)計(jì)(論文或其他)應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求: 綜合應(yīng)用各種所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí),在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行冷 沖壓工藝分析,制訂完整的沖壓工藝方案,并完成整副模具設(shè)計(jì)、 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算和圖紙(所有圖紙折合 A0 不少于 2.5 張)繪制,具體內(nèi)容 如下: II 1完成模具裝配圖:1 張(A0 或 A1) ; 2零件圖:主要是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖(不少于 5 張) ; 3冷沖壓工藝卡片:1 張 ; 4設(shè)計(jì)說明書:1 份(15000 字以上,其中參考文獻(xiàn)不少于 10 篇, 外文不少于 5 篇) ; 5翻譯 8000 以上外文印刷字符,折合中文字?jǐn)?shù)約 5000 字的有關(guān)技 術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè)文獻(xiàn),內(nèi)容要盡量結(jié)合課題。 四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生: 機(jī)械 95 班 姓名 劉強(qiáng)力 五、開始及完成日期: 自 2012 年 11 月 12 日 至 2013 年 5 月 25 日 六、設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)(或顧問): 指導(dǎo)教師簽名 簽名 簽名 教 研 室 主 任 學(xué)科組組長研究所 所長簽名 系主任 簽名 2012 年 11 月 12 日 III 摘 要 本模具采用切廢料方式進(jìn)行沖壓,模具結(jié)構(gòu)采用切口、拉深、沖導(dǎo)正孔、導(dǎo)正再拉 深、切廢料、彎曲、切斷的工序設(shè)計(jì),排樣采用單排橫排排列。并采用正裝方式設(shè)計(jì)模 具結(jié)構(gòu),即凹模裝在下模部分,同時(shí)為了正確控制送料步距采用單側(cè)側(cè)刃定距,在主要 位置采用導(dǎo)正銷導(dǎo)正精確定位。由于料較薄,沖壓速度較快,卸料可采用彈性卸料結(jié)構(gòu), 建議彈性材料采用彈簧。廢料采用在凹模(下模)向下推出,最后產(chǎn)品也是在下模向下 推出。帶料采用自動(dòng)左右有側(cè)壓的送料裝置。同時(shí)為了正確控制送料步距采用側(cè)刃定距。 由于料不是很厚,沖壓速度適中,故卸料采用彈性卸料結(jié)構(gòu),彈性材料采用矩形截面彈 簧。廢料和產(chǎn)品均采用向下推出。帶料采用自右向左的自動(dòng)送料裝置。 沖壓工藝分析主要考慮產(chǎn)品的沖壓成形工藝,最主要的是包括技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)兩方面內(nèi) 容。在技術(shù)方面,根據(jù)產(chǎn)品圖紙,主要分析零件的形狀特點(diǎn)、尺寸大小、精度要求和材 料性能等因素是否符合沖壓工藝的要求;在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,主要根據(jù)沖壓件的生產(chǎn)批量,分 析產(chǎn)品成本,闡明采用沖壓生產(chǎn)可以取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此工藝分析,主要是討論在不 影響零件使用的前提下,以最簡單最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法沖壓出來。 關(guān)鍵詞:角 片 套 ; 沖 壓 工 藝 ; 排 樣 ; 級(jí) 進(jìn) 模 IV Abstract The die by cutting waste stamping, die structure incision, drawing, red pilot hole, drawing guide, cut waste, bending, the cut process design, arranged in a single row of horizontal nesting.And dress design the die structure, the die attached to the lower die part, in order to properly control the feeding step unilateral side of the blade fixed pitch, in the main location pilots to precise positioning.As the material is thin, stamping speed, the discharge may be used in the elastic unloading structure, it is recommended that the elastic material with spring. Waste using the die (down die) launched down the final product is lower die down soon.Strip automatic feeding device left and right side pressure. In order to properly control the feeding step away from the side of the blade fixed pitch. As the material is not very thick, stamping moderate speed, the discharge elastic unloading structure, elastic material with rectangular cross-section spring.The waste products are used down soon.Automatic feeding device with material from right to left. Stamping process analysis consider the stamping process, most notably including the technical and economic aspects.On the technical side, according to the product drawings, mainly analyzes the characteristics of the shape of parts, size, accuracy requirements and material properties and other factors meets the requirements of the stamping process;In economic terms, mainly based on the production volume of the stampings, analyze the cost of the product, and clarify the use of the stamping production can be achieved economic benefits.Process analysis, mainly to discuss stamping out does not affect the part of the premise, the simplest and most economical way. Key words: Angle piece sets; Atamping process; Nesting;Progressive die V 目 錄 摘 要 .III ABSTRACT .IV 目 錄 .V 1 緒 論 .1 1.1 課題研究的目的和意義 .1 1.2 課題國內(nèi)外研究概況 .1 1.2.1 國外模具發(fā)展概況 .1 1.2.2 國內(nèi)模具發(fā)展概況 .2 1.3 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 .3 2 沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì) .4 2.1 沖壓件簡介 .4 2.2 沖壓的工藝性分析 .5 2.3 沖壓工藝方案的確定 .7 2.3.1 沖壓模具類型 .7 2.3.2 沖壓工藝分析和計(jì)算 .8 2.3.3 工序匯總 .14 3 角片套連續(xù)模設(shè)計(jì) .15 3.1 模具結(jié)構(gòu) .15 3.2 確定其搭邊值 .16 3.3 確定排樣圖 .16 3.3.1 送料步距與帶料寬度 .16 3.3.2 排樣方案 .18 3.4 材料利用率計(jì)算 .18 3.5 凸、凹模等刃口尺寸的確定 .19 3.5.1 側(cè)刃、側(cè)刃凹模刃口尺寸計(jì)算 .19 3.5.2 切口凸、凹模刃口尺寸計(jì)算 .20 3.5.3 第 1 次拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差 .21 3.5.4 第 2 次拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差 .22 3.5.5 第 3 次拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差 .22 3.5.6 拉深整形凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差 .23 3.5.7 導(dǎo)正孔凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差 .23 3.5.8 沖圓孔凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差 .24 3.5.9 切廢料凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差 .25 3.5.10 切斷凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差 .26 3.5.11 彎曲凸、凹模工作部分尺寸計(jì)算 .27 3.6 沖壓力計(jì)算 .29 3.6.1 側(cè)刃沖壓力 .29 VI 3.6.2 沖切口部分沖壓力 .29 3.6.3 拉深部分沖壓力 .30 3.6.4 沖導(dǎo)正孔沖壓力 .31 3.6.5 整形部分沖壓力 .32 3.6.6 沖圓孔沖壓力 .32 3.6.7 切廢料部分沖壓力 .32 3.6.8 切斷部分沖壓力 .33 3.6.9 彎曲部分沖壓力 .33 3.6.10 總沖壓力 .34 3.7 壓力機(jī)選用 .34 3.8 壓力中心計(jì)算 .35 3.9 模具主要零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .35 3.9.1 凹模結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì) .35 3.9.2 卸料板設(shè)計(jì) .37 3.9.3 凸模固定板設(shè)計(jì) .38 3.9.4 凸模墊板設(shè)計(jì) .39 3.9.5 切口凸模的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .39 3.9.6 第 1 次拉深凸模設(shè)計(jì) .40 3.9.7 第 2 次拉深凸模設(shè)計(jì) .40 3.9.8 第 3 次拉深凸模設(shè)計(jì) .41 3.9.9 整形凸模設(shè)計(jì) .42 3.9.10 側(cè)刃設(shè)計(jì) .42 3.9.11 側(cè)刃擋塊設(shè)計(jì) .43 3.9.12 導(dǎo)正沖孔凸模設(shè)計(jì) .44 3.9.13 切廢料凸模的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .44 3.9.14 切斷彎曲凸模的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .45 3.9.15 導(dǎo)正釘設(shè)計(jì) .46 3.10 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件確定 .46 3.10.1 模架確定 .46 3.10.2 上模螺釘確定 .47 3.10.3 上模銷確定 .47 3.10.4 下模螺釘確定 .48 3.10.5 下模銷確定 .48 3.10.6 卸料螺釘確定 .48 3.10.7 卸料彈簧設(shè)計(jì) .48 3.10.8 拉深頂件彈簧設(shè)計(jì) .48 3.10.9 抬料銷確定 .49 3.10.10 抬料銷彈簧設(shè)計(jì) .49 3.10.11 凸模固定螺釘確定 .49 VII 3.10.12 擋塊固定螺釘確定 .49 3.10.13 擋塊銷確定 .49 3.11 模具閉合高度、校驗(yàn)壓力機(jī) .49 4 結(jié)論與展望 .51 致 謝 .52 參考文獻(xiàn) .53 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 1 1 緒 論 1.1 課題研究的目的和意義 1針對(duì)題目得到機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、模具設(shè)計(jì)、CAD 等課程的綜合訓(xùn)練。針對(duì)題 目使自己在沖壓模具工藝分析、模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案論證與設(shè)計(jì),模具零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì) 算、編寫技術(shù)文件、查閱文獻(xiàn)和三維設(shè)計(jì)軟件應(yīng)用能力方面受到一次綜合訓(xùn)練。培養(yǎng)學(xué) 自己獨(dú)立調(diào)查研究、科技檢索、方案論證、規(guī)范化科技寫作等方面的能力。 意義:模具在汽車、飛機(jī)、工程機(jī)械、動(dòng)力機(jī)械、冶金、機(jī)床、輕工、日用五金等 制造業(yè)中起著極為重要的作用。采用模具生產(chǎn)毛坯或成品零件,是材料成型的一種重要 方法,與切削加工相比,具有材料利用率高、能耗低、產(chǎn)品性能好、生產(chǎn)效率高和成本 低等顯著特點(diǎn)。 2課題中的工件為形狀較為簡單的殼形件,有落料、彎曲、拉深等成型工藝,做起 來有一定的難度。但可以較全面的綜合運(yùn)用和鞏固沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造等課程的基礎(chǔ)知 識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)從事沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造的初步能力。通過該設(shè)計(jì)可以培養(yǎng)我分析 問題和解決問題的能力,了解和熟悉沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造的一般步驟,更深入的認(rèn)識(shí)沖 壓模具零件的設(shè)計(jì)和加工過程,達(dá)到“知己知彼”的效果。通過該設(shè)計(jì)可以培養(yǎng)我在模 具設(shè)計(jì)過程中認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)、踏實(shí)細(xì)致的工作作風(fēng)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度,強(qiáng)化質(zhì)量意識(shí)和時(shí)間 觀念,養(yǎng)成良好的職業(yè)習(xí)慣。設(shè)計(jì)過程中還將用到 CAD 制圖軟件來完成模具圖形的繪制 ,無形中又讓自己對(duì) CAD 有更深入了解和掌握。 本課題涉及的知識(shí)面廣,綜合性較強(qiáng),在鞏固大學(xué)所學(xué)知識(shí)的同時(shí),對(duì)于提高設(shè)計(jì) 者的創(chuàng)新能力、協(xié)調(diào)能力,開闊設(shè)計(jì)思路等方面為作者提供了一個(gè)良好的平臺(tái) 1.2 課題國內(nèi)外研究概況 1.2.1 國外模具發(fā)展概況 1高新技術(shù)在模具企業(yè)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用 廣泛應(yīng)用 CAD/CAE/CAM 技術(shù),超越了甩掉圖板、二維繪圖的初級(jí)階段,3D 設(shè)計(jì)已 達(dá)到了 7080%。PRO/E、UG、CIMATRON 等軟件普遍應(yīng)用。數(shù)控機(jī)床的普遍應(yīng)用,保 證了模具零件的加工精度和質(zhì)量。CAE 技術(shù)已逐漸成熟(意大利 COMAU 公司應(yīng)用 CAE 技術(shù)后,試模時(shí)間減少了 50%以上) 。 普遍采用高速切削加工技術(shù)普遍采用高速切削加工技術(shù)普遍采用高速切削加工技術(shù) 普遍采用高速切削加工技術(shù)。特征:以高切削速度、高進(jìn)給速度、高加工質(zhì)量。加工效 率:比傳統(tǒng)的切削工藝要高幾倍,甚至十幾倍。轉(zhuǎn)速:1500030000r/min。效益:大大 縮短制模時(shí)間。 普遍應(yīng)用快速成型技術(shù)與快速制模技術(shù)。塑料模具:有專門提供原型制造服務(wù)的機(jī) 構(gòu)和公司塑料模具廠家利用快速原型澆制硅膠模具,用于少量翻制塑料件。汽車模具: 多為鋅基合金快速制模和使用環(huán)氧樹脂制作金屬成型模。 2國外,特別是歐美和日韓等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的模具工業(yè)起步較早,擁有比較先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn) 管理技術(shù)及經(jīng)驗(yàn),值得我們國內(nèi)模具行業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒。在歐美,許多模具企業(yè)將高新技 術(shù)應(yīng)用于模具的設(shè)計(jì)和制造,主要體現(xiàn)在充分發(fā)揮了信息技術(shù)帶動(dòng)和提升模具工業(yè)的優(yōu) 越性;高速切削、五軸高速加工技術(shù)基本普及,大大縮減制模周期,提高企業(yè)的市場競 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 2 爭力;快速成形技術(shù)和快速制模技術(shù)得到普遍應(yīng)用;從事模具行業(yè)的人員精簡,一專多 能,一人多職,精益生產(chǎn);模具產(chǎn)品專業(yè)化,市場定位準(zhǔn)確;采用先進(jìn)的管理信息系統(tǒng) ,實(shí)現(xiàn)集成化管理;工藝管理先進(jìn)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高。日本模具加工的未來發(fā)展方向主要 表現(xiàn)為無人手修模、無放電加工、加工時(shí)間縮短、五軸加工等方面。 1.2.2 國內(nèi)模具發(fā)展概況 1我國正處于從模具制造大國向模具制造強(qiáng)國轉(zhuǎn)變的進(jìn)程中未來 1015 年是模具 行業(yè)發(fā)展的極為重要的時(shí)期。信息化是模具企業(yè)發(fā)展的助推器充分利用信息化技術(shù)是實(shí) 現(xiàn)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)提升的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)因此信息化建設(shè)是當(dāng)前我們面臨的一個(gè)重要任務(wù)。 “以信息化 帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化以工業(yè)化促進(jìn)信息化走新型工業(yè)化道路”是促進(jìn)我國模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí) 和跨越發(fā)展的有效途徑。 2模具企業(yè)技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的信息化模具企業(yè)信息化的應(yīng)用包括兩個(gè)主要方面即技術(shù)系統(tǒng) 的信息化和管理系統(tǒng)的信息化。技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的信息化主要是模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 技術(shù)的應(yīng) 用實(shí)現(xiàn)模具設(shè)計(jì)制造過程的信息化或數(shù)字化。在過去很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi)大多數(shù)的 CAD/CAM 系統(tǒng)都是面向機(jī)械行業(yè)的通用型系統(tǒng)。對(duì)于模具企業(yè)而言這些系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)性不夠強(qiáng)設(shè)計(jì) 制造的效率還不夠高,針對(duì)模具行業(yè)的這一需求國際軟件廠商紛紛針對(duì)各類模具的特點(diǎn)推 出了功能完善、操作方便的專用 CAD/CAM 系統(tǒng)。 3隨著與國際接軌的腳步不斷加快,市場競爭的日益加劇,人們已經(jīng)越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、成本和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力的重要性。近年來許多模具企業(yè)因此加大了用于技 術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度,一些國內(nèi)模具企業(yè)已普及了二維 CAD,并陸續(xù)開始使用 UG、Pro/En gineer、 I-DEAS 等國際通用軟件,并成功應(yīng)用于多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模的設(shè)計(jì)中。個(gè)別廠家還引 進(jìn)了 Moldflow 隨著與國際接軌的腳步不斷加快,市場競爭的日益加劇,人們已經(jīng)越來越 認(rèn)識(shí)到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、成本和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力的重要性。目前,以汽車覆蓋件模具為代表 的大型沖壓模具的制造技術(shù)已取得很大進(jìn)步,東風(fēng)汽車公司模具廠、一汽模具中心等模 具廠家已能生產(chǎn)部分轎車覆蓋件模具。此外,許多研究機(jī)構(gòu)和大專院校開展模具技術(shù)的 研究和開發(fā),在模具 CAD/CAE/CAM 技術(shù)方面取得了顯著進(jìn)步。例如,吉林大學(xué)汽車覆 蓋件成型技術(shù)所獨(dú)立研制的汽車覆蓋件沖壓成型分析 KMAS 軟件,華中理工大學(xué)模具技 術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開發(fā)的注塑模、汽車覆蓋件模具和級(jí)進(jìn)模 CAD/CAE/CAM 軟件,上海 交通大學(xué)模具 CAD 國家工程研究中心開發(fā)的冷沖模和精沖研究中心開發(fā)的冷沖模和精沖 模 CAD 軟件等。而多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該為適應(yīng)模具產(chǎn)品“交貨期短” 、 “精度高 ”、 “質(zhì)量好” 、 “價(jià)格低”的要求服務(wù)。 4我國模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步主要表現(xiàn)在 1)研究開發(fā)了模具新鋼種及硬質(zhì)合金、鋼結(jié)硬質(zhì)合金等新材料,并采用了一些新的熱 處理工藝,延長了模具的使用壽命。比如沖模廣泛使用合金工具鋼代替碳素工具鋼,提 高模具壽命,減少模具熱處理變形。 2)開發(fā)了多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和硬質(zhì)合金模等新產(chǎn)品,并根據(jù)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)需要研制了精密塑料 注射模。 3)研究開發(fā)了一些模具加工新技術(shù)和新工藝。如三維曲面數(shù)控加工;模具表面拋光、 表面皮紋加工及皮紋輥制造技術(shù);模具鋼的超塑性成型技術(shù)和各種快速成型技術(shù)等。 4)模具加工設(shè)備已得到較大發(fā)展,已廣泛使用精密坐標(biāo)磨床、數(shù)控(CNC)銑床、CNC 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 3 電火花線切割機(jī)床和高精度電火花成型機(jī)床等。模具零件的精度由數(shù)控機(jī)床保證,解決 了以前傳統(tǒng)切削加工生產(chǎn)模具零件,靠鉗工技藝保證質(zhì)量,質(zhì)量難保證的問題。 5)模具計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造(模具 CAD/CAM/CAE)已在國內(nèi)得到了廣泛的開發(fā)應(yīng)用 。三維造型軟件和仿真軟件的廣泛應(yīng)用,不僅能自動(dòng)編程,還能進(jìn)行干涉檢查,保證設(shè) 計(jì)和工藝的合理性。 5中國模具工業(yè)存在的問題 精密加工設(shè)備還很少大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長壽命模具的產(chǎn)需矛盾十分突出許多先進(jìn) 的技術(shù)如 CADCAECAM 技術(shù)的普及率還不高。 1984 年成立了中國模具工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì),987 年模具首次被列入機(jī)電產(chǎn)品目錄,當(dāng)時(shí)全國 共有生產(chǎn)模具的廠點(diǎn)約 6000 家??偖a(chǎn)值約 30 億元。隨著中國改革開放的日益深入,市 場經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)程的加快,模具及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件、配套件作為產(chǎn)品,制造生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)大量出現(xiàn),模 具產(chǎn)業(yè)得到快速發(fā)展。在市場競爭中,企業(yè)的模具生產(chǎn)技術(shù)提高很快,規(guī)模不斷發(fā)展, 提高很快。20 世紀(jì) 90 年代以來,中國在汽車行業(yè)的模具設(shè)計(jì)制造中開始采用 CAD CAM 技術(shù)。國家科委 863 計(jì)劃將東風(fēng)汽車公司作為 CIMS 應(yīng)用示范點(diǎn),由華中理 工大學(xué)作為技術(shù)依托單位,開發(fā)了汽車車身與覆蓋件模具 CADCAM 軟件系統(tǒng),在模具 和設(shè)計(jì)制造中得到了實(shí)際應(yīng)用,取得顯著效益。現(xiàn)在,吉林大學(xué)和湖南大學(xué)也成功地開 發(fā)出了汽車覆蓋件模具的 CADCAE 系統(tǒng),并達(dá)到了較高水平,在生產(chǎn)中得到應(yīng)用,收 到了良好的效果。 1.3 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 1制件工藝分析和工藝方案制定 a)沖裁件的工藝分析:本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的零件對(duì)沖裁工藝有良好的適應(yīng)性,故采用沖 裁工藝。 b)工藝方案制定:根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求,本次沖裁工藝方案采用落料沖孔復(fù) 合模。 2必要的工藝計(jì)算 對(duì)沖裁件的尺寸大小,精度要求進(jìn)行相關(guān)計(jì)算。 3模具結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì); 模具的結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)包括工作部分,模架,沖模的輔助裝置與輔助機(jī)構(gòu),橫向沖 壓機(jī)構(gòu)。 4模具主要零件設(shè)計(jì)及有關(guān)尺寸計(jì)算; 模具主要零件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算包括工作零件,定位零件,壓料、卸料及出件零件,導(dǎo)向零 件,固定零件,緊固及其他零件。 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 4 2 沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì) 2.1 沖壓件簡介 形狀和尺寸如下圖所示。材料為 H62M,板材厚度 0.8mm。 零件圖如下: 圖 2.1 零件圖 從圖中可見,主要是拉深、彎曲和沖裁。 表 2-1 沖裁和拉深件未注公差尺寸的偏差 1 尺寸的類型基本尺寸 包容表面 被包容表面 暴露表面及中心距 3 +0.25 -0.25 36 +0.30 -0.30 0.15 610 +0.36 -0.36 1018 +0.43 -0.43 0.215 1830 +0.52 -0.52 3050 +0.62 -0.62 0.31 5080 +0.74 -0.74 80120 +0.87 -0.87 0.435 120180 +1.00 -1.00 180250 +1.15 -1.15 0.575 250315 +1.30 -1.30 315400 +1.40 -1.40 0.70 400500 +1.55 -1.55 500630 +1.75 -1.75 0.875 630800 +2.00 -2.00 8001000 +2.30 -2.30 1.15 10001250 +2.60 -2.60 1.15 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 5 從零件圖中可知全部是未注公差尺寸,分別為:11,R1,2 個(gè) R2, 9,4, 6,4,2,9,18,15,3,R3.5,查表 2-1 沖裁和拉深件未注公差尺寸 的偏差(即參考文獻(xiàn)1, P217 頁,表 8-18 沖裁和拉深件未注公差尺寸的偏差),得各 尺寸的偏差分別為:0.215,0.15,0.15,-0.36,-0.30,0.15,+0.30,0.15,- 0.36,-0.43 , -0.43,+0.25,0.15。因此帶偏差的各尺寸為: , ,215.0.0R , , , , , , , , , ,15.02R0 .36-9 .0-415.30. 4.1520 .36-9 .43-8 .43-25 。3 圖 2.2 帶偏差的產(chǎn)品圖 2.2 沖壓的工藝性分析 沖壓工藝分析主要考慮產(chǎn)品的沖壓成形工藝,最主要的是包括技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)兩方面內(nèi) 容。在技術(shù)方面,根據(jù)產(chǎn)品圖紙,主要分析零件的形狀特點(diǎn)、尺寸大小、精度要求和材 料性能等因素是否符合沖壓工藝的要求;在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,主要根據(jù)沖壓件的生產(chǎn)批量,分 析產(chǎn)品成本,闡明采用沖壓生產(chǎn)可以取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此工藝分析,主要是討論在不 影響零件使用的前提下,能否以最簡單最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法沖壓出來。 (1)影響沖壓件工藝性的因素很多,從技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面考慮,主要因素: 材料為銅 H62M,是常見的沖壓材料。 工件主要是彎曲、拉深和沖孔等。 工件展開后外形為平復(fù)雜的多邊形,適宜沖裁工件。 工件沒有懸壁。 工件存在孔與邊緣之間的距離。查文獻(xiàn)2,P1-45 ,表 3-22 孔與孔之間、孔與邊 緣之間距離的許可值得,孔與邊緣之間的距離 C1.2t=0.96mm,圖中孔與邊緣之間的最 小距離為 3mm,0.96mm3mm,故可以沖孔。 工件有沖孔,查文獻(xiàn)2,P1-45,表 3-20 用自由凸模沖孔的最小尺寸,因 400MPa,沖孔的最小尺寸 d0.9t=0.72mm,本產(chǎn)品最小孔為 3mm,3mm0.72mm,故可以沖裁。 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 6 工件尺寸要求不是很高,尺寸未注公差按 IT14 級(jí)處理。 生產(chǎn)批量,一般來說,大批量生產(chǎn)時(shí),可選用連續(xù)和高效沖壓設(shè)備,以提高生產(chǎn) 效率;中小批量生產(chǎn)時(shí),常采用簡單模或復(fù)合模,以降低模具制造費(fèi)用。 綜上所述,此工件適宜沖裁。 (2)本沖壓件工藝分析如下: 1圖形分析形狀較復(fù)雜,展開后相對(duì)不是很復(fù)雜,主要是落料、沖孔、彎曲。 2尺寸分析尺寸公差要求一般,未注公差尺寸均取 IT14 級(jí)。 3材料 H62M,是常見的沖裁材料。 零件用的是厚 0.8mm 的黃銅 H62M。 力學(xué)性能:抗拉強(qiáng)度 b (MPa):380(查表 2-1 即查參考文獻(xiàn)3 ,P411 頁,表 7- 1) 抗剪強(qiáng)度 (MPa):300 伸長率 10 ():20 屈服點(diǎn) s (MPa):200 表 2.1 黑色金屬的力學(xué)性能 2 材料名稱 牌號(hào) 材料狀態(tài) 抗剪強(qiáng)度/(Mpa) 抗拉強(qiáng)度 b/(Mpa) 伸長率 10/(%) 屈服強(qiáng)度 s/(Mpa) Q195 260320 320400 2833 200 Q235 310380 440470 2125 240普通碳素鋼 Q275 未退火 400500 580620 1519 280 08F 220310 280390 32 180 08 260360 330450 32 200 10 260340 300440 29 210 20 280400 360510 25 250 45 440560 550700 16 360 優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié) 構(gòu)鋼 65Mn 已退火 600 750 12 400 1Cr13 已退火 320380 400470 21 不銹鋼 1Cr18Ni9Ti 熱處理退軟 430550 540700 40 200 軟態(tài) 260 300 35 380 H62 半硬態(tài) 300 380 20 200 軟態(tài) 240 300 40 100 黃銅 H68 半硬態(tài) 280 350 25 軟 260 300 38 140 硬 480 550 35錫磷青銅錫鋅青銅 QSn6.5-2.5QSn4-3 特硬 500 650 12 550 由于零件可以展開成一個(gè)平面形狀,內(nèi)部有 1 個(gè)圓孔,外部是長方形彎曲。關(guān)鍵是 展開、沖孔、彎曲、拉深和落料。 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 7 4批量一年生產(chǎn) 200 萬件是批量生產(chǎn)。 5沖壓工序落料、沖孔、彎曲、拉深。 6沖裁間隙 根據(jù)料厚 t=0.8,查表 2-2 沖裁模初始雙面間隙(即參考文獻(xiàn) 4,P19 頁,表 2-9) , 得:雙面間隙 Z0.0400.056mm。 表 2-2 沖裁模初始雙面間隙 Z4 (單位:mm) 軟鋁 純鋼、軟鋁、黃 銅 0.080.2 C 杜拉鋁、中等硬 鋼 0.3 0.4C 硬鋼 0.50.6C材料厚度 t Zmin Zmax Zmin Zmax Zmin Zmax Zmin Zmax 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0編號(hào)無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)相關(guān)資料題目: 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923228學(xué)生姓名: 劉強(qiáng)力 指導(dǎo)教師: 鐘建剛(職稱:副教授 ) (職稱: )2013年5月25日目 錄一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告題目: 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923228 學(xué)生姓名: 劉強(qiáng)力 指導(dǎo)教師: 鐘建剛 (職稱:副教授 ) (職稱: )2012年11月20日 課題來源 無錫海諾公司電器的零件科學(xué)依據(jù)(包括課題的科學(xué)意義;國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢;應(yīng)用前景等)(1)課題科學(xué)意義沖壓件在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,尤其是大批量生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用十分廣泛。相當(dāng)多的工業(yè)部門越來越多地采用沖壓法加工產(chǎn)品零部件,如汽車、農(nóng)機(jī)、儀器、儀表、電子、航空、家電及輕工業(yè)登行業(yè)。在這些工業(yè)部門中,沖壓件所占的比重相當(dāng)大。(2)研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景沖壓作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中一種十分重要的加工方法,用以生產(chǎn)各種板料零件,具有很多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢,其成形件具有自重輕、剛度大、強(qiáng)度高、互換性好、成本低、生產(chǎn)過程便于實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動(dòng)化及生產(chǎn)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種其它加工方法所不能相比和不可替代的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù),在制造業(yè)中具有很強(qiáng)的競爭力,被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、能源、機(jī)械、信息、航空航天、國防工業(yè)和日常生活的生產(chǎn)之中。近幾十年來,沖壓技術(shù)有了飛速的發(fā)展,它不僅表現(xiàn)在許多新工藝與新技術(shù)在生產(chǎn)的廣泛應(yīng)用上,如:旋壓成形、軟模具成形、高能率成形等,更重要的是人們對(duì)沖壓技術(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)與掌握的程度有了質(zhì)的飛躍。模具CAD/CAE/CAM是改造傳統(tǒng)模具生產(chǎn)方式的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),是一項(xiàng)高科技、高效益的系統(tǒng)工程。它以計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的形式,為企業(yè)提供一種有效的輔助工具,使工程技術(shù)人員借助于計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)產(chǎn)品性能、模具結(jié)構(gòu)、成形工藝、數(shù)控加工及生產(chǎn)管理進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化。模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造周期,降低生產(chǎn)成本和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量已成為模具界的共識(shí)。我國從上世紀(jì)90年代開始,華中科技大學(xué)、上海交通大學(xué)、西安交通大學(xué)和北京機(jī)電研究院等相繼開展了級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)的研究和開發(fā)。如華中科技大學(xué)模具技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室在AutoCAD軟件平臺(tái)上開發(fā)出基于特征的級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)HMJC,包括板金零件特征造型、基于特征的沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)、模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件及典型結(jié)構(gòu)建庫工具和線切割自動(dòng)編程5個(gè)模塊。上海交通大學(xué)為瑞士法因托(Finetool)精沖公司開發(fā)成功精密沖裁級(jí)進(jìn)模CAC/CAM系統(tǒng),西安交通大學(xué)開發(fā)出多工位彎曲級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD系統(tǒng)等。展望國內(nèi)外模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的發(fā)展,本世紀(jì)的科學(xué)技術(shù)正處于日新月異的變革之中,目前我國模具年生產(chǎn)總量雖然已位居世界第三,其中,沖壓模占模具總量的40%以上,但在整個(gè)模具設(shè)計(jì)制造水平和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度上,與德國、美國、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家相比還存在相當(dāng)大的差距。在設(shè)計(jì)制造方法、手段上已基本達(dá)到了國際水平,模具結(jié)構(gòu)功能方面也接近國際水平,在轎車模具國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)了一大步。但在制造質(zhì)量、精度、制造周期和成本方面,以國外相比還存在一定的差距。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的迅速發(fā)展,許多新技術(shù)、新工藝、新設(shè)備、新材料不斷涌現(xiàn),因而促進(jìn)了沖壓技術(shù)的不斷革新和發(fā)展。模具制造技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化是模具工業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化技術(shù)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)正在不斷向傳統(tǒng)制造技術(shù)滲透、交叉、融合形成了現(xiàn)代模具制造技術(shù)。研究內(nèi)容(1)制件工藝分析和工藝方案制定a 沖裁件的工藝分析:本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的零件對(duì)沖裁工藝有良好的適應(yīng)性,故采用沖裁工藝。b 工藝方案制定:根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求,本次沖裁工藝方案采用落料沖孔復(fù)合模。(2)必要的工藝計(jì)算 對(duì)沖裁件的尺寸大小,精度要求進(jìn)行相關(guān)計(jì)算。(3)模具結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì); 模具的結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)包括工作部分,模架,沖模的輔助裝置與輔助機(jī)構(gòu),橫向沖壓機(jī)構(gòu)。(4)模具主要零件設(shè)計(jì)及有關(guān)尺寸計(jì)算; 模具主要零件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算包括工作零件,定位零件,壓料、卸料及出件零件,導(dǎo)向零件,固定零件,緊固及其他零件。擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析(1)收集相關(guān)資料,復(fù)習(xí)模具設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)知識(shí);(2)根據(jù)要求畫出設(shè)計(jì)草圖;(3)沖壓工藝方案的制定;(4)模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);(5)模具零件的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算;(6)沖壓設(shè)備的選用;(7)繪制裝配圖和零件圖;(8)圖紙審核;(9)編寫使用說明書和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書。研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果研究計(jì)劃:2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日:按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料,填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。2012年12月3日-2013年3月1日:工作計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度。2013年3月4日-2013年3月15日:查閱參考資料,學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。2013年3月18日-2013年4月12日:沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì),模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),刃口尺寸和主要零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和尺寸計(jì)算。2013年4月15日-2013年5月3日:繪制模具裝配圖和零件圖。2013年5月6日-2013年5月25日:工藝文件、畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。預(yù)期成果:1完成模具裝配圖:1張(A0或A1);2零件圖:主要非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖(不少于5張);3冷沖壓工藝卡片:1張;4設(shè)計(jì)說明書:1份;5翻譯8000以上外文印刷字符或譯出約5000左右漢字的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè)文獻(xiàn),內(nèi)容要盡量結(jié)合課題。特色或創(chuàng)新之處沖壓是利用安裝在沖壓設(shè)備上(主要是壓力機(jī))上的模具對(duì)材料施加壓力,使其產(chǎn)生分離或塑性變形,從而獲得所需零件(俗稱沖壓或沖壓件)的一種壓力加工方法。通常是在常溫下對(duì)材料進(jìn)行冷變形加工,且主要是采用板料來加工成所需零件,所以也加冷沖壓或板料沖壓。沖壓是材料壓力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一,隸屬于材料成型工程術(shù)。已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題已具備的條件: 該零件材料黃銅H62,黃銅H62屬高新黃銅,具有較高的強(qiáng)度和優(yōu)良的冷、熱加工性,易于進(jìn)行各種形式的壓力加工,主要用于各種深拉伸和折彎的受力零件。有較好的強(qiáng)度和硬度,價(jià)格也比較適中。 零件形狀尺寸易通過落料、拉深、沖孔、整形、切片等沖壓工序獲得。尚需解決的問題:拉深件底部及部分圓角半徑偏小,故應(yīng)在拉深后另加整形工序,并用制造精度較高,間隙較小的模具來進(jìn)行加工。指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名:年 月 日教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見 教研室主任簽名: 年 月 日系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名: 年 月 日英文原文 Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology 1 introduction Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh. On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi- varieties, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable. 2 fast economical pattern makings technologies type The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to leave. 2.1 fast prototypes manufactures technology The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80s later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry gradually. RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. Under summarized already commercialization several kind of models fast to take shape at present the craft. 2.1.1 lasers three-dimensional photoetching technology (SLA) The SLA technology hands over the computer CAD modelling system to obtain the product the three-dimensional model, through the microcomputer control laser, according to the determination path, is carrying on to the liquid state photosensitive resin by the level scanning, causes layer upon layer to solidify by the scanned sector, is united as one body, forms the final three dimensional entity, after again passes through the related finally hardening to polish and so on place the quantity, forms the workpiece or the mold. The laser three-dimensional photoetching technology main characteristic is may take shape wilfully the complex shape, takes shape the precision high, simulation strong, material use factor high, performance reliable, the performance price quite is high. Suits the product outlook to appraise, the function experiment, fast makes the electrode and each kind of fast economical mold. But this technology uses equipment and photosensitive resin price expensive, causes its cost to be high. 2.1.2 pack of levels outlines manufacture technology (LOM) The LOM technology is through the computer three-dimensional model, the use laser selectively to its lamination slice, will obtain each section outline layer upon layer will cake, finally will fold the addition three dimensional entity product. Its craft characteristic is takes shape the speed quickly, takes shape the material small advantage, the cost lowly, because does not have changes, therefore does not have the thermal load, the contraction, the inflation, the warp and so on, therefore the shape is stable with an inch precision, after but takes shape the waste material block to strip takes time, specially the duplicate miscellaneous items interior waste material strips. This craft is suitable for the aviation, the automobile and so on and center the volume big workpiece manufacture. 2.1.3 lasers powder electoral district agglutinates takes shape the technology (SLS) The SLS technology is the computer three-dimensional model through the lamination software its lamination, under the computer control, causes the laser beam basis lamination the slice section information to the powder by the level scanning, scans to the powder agglutinates the solidification (polymerization, agglutinates, caking, chemical reaction and so on), layer upon layer superimposes, piles up the three dimensional entity workpiece. This technical most major characteristic is can at the same time use several kind of different materials (the polycarbonate, the polyethylene chloride, the paraffin wax, the nylon, ABS, The casting granulated substance) makes components. 2.1.4 fuses the deposition to take shape the technology (FDM) The FDM technology is may squeeze out by the computer control fuses the condition material the spray nozzle, determines the geometry information according to the CAD product model lamination software, squeezes out half flow regime the heat to model the material deposition to solidify the precise actual workpiece thin layer, from bottow to top layer upon layer piles up a three dimensional entity, may make the mold or the product directly. 2.1.5 three dimensional printing take shape the technology (3D-P) The 3D-P technology controls with the microcomputer to spurt the ink printing head continuously, the basis lamination software selectively deposits the liquid cementing material by the level on the powder level, finally piles up a three dimensional entity by the smooth printing two-dimensionalleve Justs like does not use the laser the fast pattern making technology. This technical main application takes shape in advance in the cermet compound materials porous ceramics on, its goal is produces the mold or ? the manufacture directly by the CAD product model. 2.2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including following several kind of types. 2.2.1 electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m. At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold. 2.2.2 electrolytic castings take shape the technology The electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization, is according to model the mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint) is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode), causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place deposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface. This technical main characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short, electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wear and the life, roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitable for the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the electric spark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression casting mold takes shape the electrode manufacture. 2.2.3 cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology The etching technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind of technology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has spread the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface, process chemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors, then acts according to the mold material quality, the choice corresponding etching craft, pattern design etching in mold internal surface. This technical main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages the pattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly.2.3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold.2.3.1 tin metal alloy system mold techniqueThe tin metal alloy makes the mold technique quickly is a basis through the kind piece, with total metal alloy of ( the orders 138 s, the bulge rate is thousand times it three) of the Bi- Sn( tin of ) two dollars for material, have the precise foundry of method at the same time a convex mold, cave mold, press a kind of technique of the side turn.Should the technical characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the metal alloy is re-usable, the manufacturing period is short, the size accuracy is high, the shape, size and the kind pieces agree with completely, a mold for casting life span can amount to 500-3000, very in keeping with new product development, craft verification, the sample manufacture on a trial basis and win small batch quantity peace. 2.3.2 zinc metal alloy system mold technique This is a kind of to take the kind piece( or the kind mold) as the basis, with the order for 380 or so zinc metal alloys for material, sprinkle to note the convex and cave mold respectively, a surface does not carry on one kind system mold technique that the machine process in principle.The techniques characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the period is short, being applicable to create the lamella large pull to stretch the mold and hurtle to cut the mold and plastics molds.2.3.3 resin compounds model the molding tool technique This is a kind of to take the kind mold( or the craft model) as the basis, taking resin or its compound materials as the fluid material, sprinkling the convex( cave) mold of outpouring first, again the convex( cave) mold of basis sticks up the wax slice( the cleft layer), sprinkling to note the convex( cave) mold.A surface that that technique model does not need the machine to process.The that technique and CAD/ CAMs combine together, the characteristics is the molding tool size accuracy high, the manufacturing period is short, the cost is low, is the new product manufacture on a trial basis, the small batch quantity produces the craft material of new path.Be applicable to the creation large overlay the piece to pull to stretch the mold( also can the part inset the steel), vacuum to absorb the and gather the ammonia ester hair bubble to model the mold, porcelain and ceramics mold and imitate the type to depend the mold and cast mold etc.2.3.4 rubbers of system mold techniqueThat technique take making a prototype or models as the basis, making into soft rubber of system piece, then depend the high pressure dint and models to fit together completely.2.4 extrusions takes shape the technology 2.4.1 cold extrusions takes shape Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution. 2.4.2 ultra models takes shape the pattern making technology This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL. 2.5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology Does not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming2.6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for 0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low. 2.7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymet
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