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1、PHILOSOPHY,Presocratics Socrates and students Copyright Polly Hoover,Beginning of Philosophy,How was the world created? Who am I? Am I happy? How do I know anything? What is the world made of? Is there a divinity or divinities? What do we mean by knowledge?,Hesiod, Theogony,Gaia and Uranus create th
2、e world Organized through hierarchy of gods Human experience reflects explanation Sexual intercourse as universal Mythology as philosophy 750 BCE (contemporary of “Homer”),Alcman,World created through organization of material Vocabulary Metaphor Narrative Examples Goal, craftsman, bronze material,Pr
3、esocratics,Materialists What material is the world made of? Thales water Heraclitus Fire (with logos) Empedocles Fire, air, water, earth (with Strife and Love),Pythagoras,Influenced Socrates and Plato Wrote nothing? Immortality of the soul Greek modal system in music Pythagorean theorem Mathematics
4、as substance of the world,Aristotle,Four causes of a thing Material what a thing is made of Formal explanation of form, its essence Efficient primary source (cause in modern sense) Final purpose (the purpose of walking is health, the purpose of the acorn is an oak) Uncaused Causer or Unmoved mover,P
5、lato, Symposium,Banquet for men only Philosophical discussion among friends Lots of wine and teasing/flirting,What is love?,What does it mean to be a man? How do we know that were in love? Is it universal (the same for everyone) or particular (different for everyone)? Does it matter whom you love? W
6、hat is the Western Christian view of love?,Guests Give Opinions,Phaedrus Pausanias: 2 Eros Eryximachus: Eros in nature Ridicule of scientific arguments,Aristophanes,Comic poet Three sexes Folktale and narrative Not philosophical argument Why?,Agathon,Encomium (praise-poem) of Eros,Socrates interroga
7、tes Agathon,Desire for something or nothing? Desire for something we dont have? Eros desires beauty. Therefore, Eros is not beautiful. Good is beautiful. Therefore, Eros does not have what is good.,Diotima,Role reversal? Eros is intermediary between divine and human,Alicibiades,Praise of Socrates,Qu
8、estions,What were the Presocratic approaches to explaining the world? How did these differ from that of mythology? Does Socrates include sexual desire in his meaning of love? Is love universal or particular, according to Socrates?,More Questions?,What does Socrates mean by happiness? What does Plato/Socrates think is real? Is this philosophy? What are the differences between a philosophical argument and a mythological story?,
PHILOSOPHY-IllinoisCommunityCollegeBoard哲學(xué)-伊利諾斯社區(qū)大學(xué)董事會
