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1、Ch10 terms of commodity,name quality quantity packing,,,,,,emphasis,,Methods of quality,difficulty,,More or less clause,Quantity clause,Shipping packing and neutral packing,,10.1 Name of commodity,(1)HS (2)How to name goods function Material ingredient Outward appearance and model craft,,,,
2、,,10.2 quality of commodity,meaning types of quality flexible clause of quality,1.meaning,,Inner quality：function, component, structure,Outer shape：size, color, shape,,cloth,sample,soybean,medicine,standard,specification,tea,cosmetics,Electrical appliance,specialty,grade,,illustration,brand,origin,
3、2. types of quality,,,,,,,,Actual object,,Buy after seeing,Sales by sample,,Sellers sample,Buyers sample,Counter sample,,illustration by words,,Sale by specification and grade,Sale by description & illustration,Sale by trade mark,Sale by name of origin,,,(1) sale by Sample,Buyers Sample,Counter/retu
4、rn Sample,Sample for Reference,Duplicate /keep Sample,Sealed Sample,sellers Sample,Sample no. 612 cloth doll 樣品號(hào)612 布娃娃,Original sample,,,China sesame seed moisture （max） 8% admixture （max） 2% oil content (min) 52%,(2) Sale by specification,,china green tea special Grade Grade AA fresh hen eg
5、gs ,shell light brown and clean ,even in size Grade AA 6065 gm. per egg Grade A 5560 gm. per egg Grade B 5055 gm .per egg,(3) Sale by grade,Large, medium, small Grade A, Grade B, Grade C Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3 Chinese raw silk is consists of 12 grade---6A,5A,4A,3A,2A,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,,Tetracycline H
6、CL tablets (sugar coated) 250 mg B.P. 1973 鹽酸四環(huán)素糖衣片250毫克 按1973年版英國(guó)藥典,(4) Sale by standard,,FAQ、GMQ、ISO9000（ISO14000） F.A.Q. Moisture (max.) 13% Admixture(max.)5% Oil content (min) 44%,(4) Sale by standard,,(5) Sale by description & illustration,(6) Sale by trade mark,industrial products MAXAM dental
7、 cream,Machines Instruments equipment,,,(7) Sale by name of origin,Si chuan Preserved Vegetable Chinese northeast Soybean,,3.flexible clause of quality,Cotton Grey Shirting Width 41/42 Live yellow eel 75g and up per piece Gray duck down 18%, allowing 1% more or less,quality to be considered and bein
8、g about equal to the sample (2) quality tolerance (3)flexible range,,China sesame seed Moisture （max）8% , Admixture （max）2% , Oil Content (min) 52%. Should the oil content of the goods actually shipped be 1% higher or lower , the price will be accordingly increased or decreased by 1%, and any frac
9、tion will be proportionally calculated.,Adjustment of price,,10.3 Quantity of Commodity,unit of measurement systems of measures and weight calculation of weight (convention) more or less clause,,,,,,,unit of measurement,1 Metric Ton = 1000 kilograms 1 Short Ton = 907 kilograms 1 Long ton = 1010
10、 kilograms,,,,,,1 Gross = 12 Dozens = 144 Pieces,,2. systems of measures and weight,The British System The U.S. System The Metric System SI (The International System of Units),,(1)GROSS WEIGHT (2)NET WEIGHT (3)NET NET WEIHT (4)CONDITIONED WEIGHT (5)THEORETICAL WEIGHT (6)LEGAL WEIGHT,3. calculation o
11、f weight,,（1）GROSS WEIGHT---over-all weight of the commodity itself + the tare （2）NET WEIGHT ---gross weight tare Gross for net Four ways to calculate tare: actual/real tare average tare customary tare computed tare,3. calculation of weight,,,,,(3)NET NET WEIHT =NET WEIGHT WEIGHT OF SALES PACKAGE （
12、4）CONDITIONED WEIGHT :raw silk ,wool =net weight（1+standard moisture rate）/（1+actual moisture rate） (5)THEORETICAL WEIGHT: commodities that have regular specifications and regular size , such as galvanized iron and steel plate (6)LEGAL WEIGHT: specific duty,,4. (convention),,,,,The seller Over-deli
13、ver,The buyer Reject all that over-delivered or Reject some of them (compute with contract price),The seller replenish,cant bring about unconvenient or irreasonable expenditure,Within time of delivery,The seller Under-deliver,,,,,conditions,,,Buyer stil l have right to claim,,,If you are the seller,
14、 which one do you choose?,Which one is better? Over-deliver or Under-deliver?,,5. more or less clause,the rate Who has the right to decide? How to price the over-delivered?,,,,,(1)Concretely stipulate: “100 metric tons, 5% more or less at sellers option” (2) about/approximate/circa----10%? “abou
15、t 1,000 metric tons” Should better not to use (3)Not mentioned in L/C5% exception： stipulated in L/C Unit of measurement is piece or numbers of package Its limited to the total amount of L/C if there is no more-or-less clause correspondingly in L/C,the rate,,(1)Contract price (2)Market price of expo
16、rter on the date of shipment (3)Market price of importer on the date of arrival,3. How to price the over-delivered?,-----The seller, the buyer and the shipping Co.,2.Who has the right to decide?,,e.g. (1)1000M/T,WITH 2%MORE OR LESS (2) About 1000 dozens. (3) The seller has the option to load 5%mor
17、e or less than the quantity contracted,each difference shall be settled at the contract price.,,我國(guó)某出口公司向日本出口驢肉一批，合同規(guī)定：每箱凈重約10.6公斤，共1500箱，合24.9噸。但貨抵國(guó)外后，經(jīng)日本海關(guān)查驗(yàn)，每箱凈重并非10.6公斤而是20公斤，計(jì)1500箱，合30噸。海關(guān)認(rèn)為單貨不符，進(jìn)口商以多報(bào)少。問(wèn)這將會(huì)出現(xiàn)何種后果。,Case study,,我某公司向科威特出口凍羊肉20噸,每噸FOB價(jià)400美元,合同規(guī)定數(shù)量可增減10%.國(guó)外按時(shí)開(kāi)來(lái)信用證,證中規(guī)定金額為8000美元,數(shù)量約
18、20噸.結(jié)果我方按22噸發(fā)貨裝運(yùn),但持單到銀行辦理儀付時(shí)遭拒絕.問(wèn)原因何在?,Case study,,10.4 PACKING,Function of packing types of packing Marking of goods Neutral packing,,,,,,,,,,Shipping packing (outer packing),Protect goods, facilitate transportation/loading//unloading /stowage, reduce freight, prevent pilferage,Sales package (inne
19、r packing),Beautify, propagandize, introduce commodity,Beautiful and attractive,Firm and economical,1.Function of packing,,,Sales package--- product code,,國(guó)別號(hào)中國(guó)內(nèi)地690 /691/692 書(shū)籍國(guó)別號(hào)代碼978 雜志國(guó)別號(hào)代碼997 香港489 臺(tái)灣471 美/加00-13 法國(guó)30-37 德國(guó)400-440 新加坡888,,2. types of packing,,Case（箱） Bag （袋
20、） Bale（包） Drum（桶） Bottle（瓶） Can（罐） Carboy（壇） Basket（簍） Jar(甏） Cylinder(鋼瓶) Pallet(托盤(pán)) Flexible container(集裝袋) Container(集裝箱),,,,Marking of goods,Shipping mark Indicative mark Warning mark,,,,,ABC,LONDON NOS.1-100,Standard shipping mark,ABC收貨人代號(hào),1234參考號(hào),NEW YORK目的地,1/25件數(shù)代號(hào),(1) Shipping Mark,,(2) Ind
21、icative Mark,Handle with care Fragile Glass Keep dry This side up No turning over Keep cool Keep in dry place Use no hooks To be protected from heat/cold,,,,,,,,,,,(2) Indicative Mark,,,,,(2) Indicative Mark,,,,,,,,,(3) Warning Mark,Oxidizing material Compressed gas Poison Hazardous article Corrosiv
22、es Explosives Material radioactives,,4. Neutral packing,,neutral packing---to break down the customs duties or unreasonable import quota of importing countries and to promote export sales. Make no mention of the country, manufacturer, address, and brand No -brand neutral packing Designated-brand neu
23、tral packing,,,5.Packing clause,（1）concrete （2）consider the character of goods （3）who will offer shipping mark （4）who will pay the packing fee,In cartons containing 24 tins of 450 g. net each In cloth bales each containing 20 pcs. Of 42 yds.,,客戶(hù)要求在所有包裝上都不要打上“828”字樣。我方要求工廠不要在外包裝上打上828”，其他與上次出貨一樣。結(jié)果：貨
24、物的內(nèi)包裝上仍有“828”?？蛻?hù)要求去掉“828”，損失5萬(wàn)人民幣，推遲交貨20天。,CASE STUDY,,上海出口公司A與香港公司B成交自行車(chē)1000臺(tái)，由A繕制合同一式兩份，其中包裝條款規(guī)定為“Packed in wooden case”（木箱裝）。將此合同寄至B方，然后由 B簽回。 B簽回的合同上于原包裝條款后加“C.K.D.”字樣，但未引起A公司注意。此后，B公司按合同開(kāi)證、A公司憑信用證規(guī)定制單結(jié)匯完畢。,CASE STUDY,,貨到目的港。B發(fā)現(xiàn)系整臺(tái)自行車(chē)箱裝，由于自行車(chē)整臺(tái)進(jìn)口需多交納20進(jìn)口稅。因此，拒收貨物并要求退還貨款。 賣(mài)方此時(shí)才意識(shí)到C.K.D.是指COMPLETE
25、LY KNOCKED DOWN(完全拆散)，只好認(rèn)賠。 評(píng)析： 1賣(mài)方忽略CKD，造成實(shí)際裝載與合同不符，有不可推卸的責(zé)任。2賣(mài)方雖然已經(jīng)結(jié)匯，但買(mǎi)方仍有拒收貨物的權(quán)利。,,CASE STUDY,我某公司向法國(guó)公司進(jìn)口一批易燃液體化工原料，貨到目的地后發(fā)現(xiàn)有少數(shù)包裝因有缺陷而發(fā)生輕微滲漏現(xiàn)象。由于我公司未及時(shí)采取補(bǔ)救和防止損失擴(kuò)大的積極措施，結(jié)果貨物入庫(kù)后滲漏日益嚴(yán)重，以致引起自燃火災(zāi)。事后我公司向法國(guó)公司索取全部損失的賠償，但遭法公司拒絕。,,CASE STUDY,某外商欲購(gòu)我“菊花”牌手電鉆,但要求改用“鯊魚(yú)”牌商標(biāo),并在包裝上不得注明“中國(guó)制造”字樣問(wèn)我是否可以接受?并應(yīng)注意什么問(wèn)題?,,
《國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)》課件
