液晶顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)器知識(shí)

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1、2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,1,液晶顯示器驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),課程大綱 液晶物質(zhì)簡(jiǎn)介 液晶的電光效應(yīng) 液晶基本驅(qū)動(dòng)原理 STN LCDs 驅(qū)動(dòng)原理 TFT LCDs 驅(qū)動(dòng)原理 影響TFT LCDs 畫面品質(zhì)的因素 Driver IC 簡(jiǎn)介 TFT LCDs 模組及介面技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 WHQ,綠顯電子科技 ,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,2,液晶物質(zhì)的相變化,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,固體結(jié)晶,液晶,液體,,,,,加熱,加熱,冷卻,冷卻,綠顯電子科技 ,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,3,液晶分子的種類,綠顯電子科技 ,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,4,液晶分子的排列,Crysta

2、lline,Liquid Crystalline,Liquid,,K SmC SmA N L,,,,,,,,Biaxial,Unaxial,Isotropic,Temperature,綠顯電子科技 ,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,5,液晶的分類,綠顯電子科技 ,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,6,液晶的電光特性,異向性 (Anisotropic) 排列因數(shù) ( ) 折射率 ( ) 黏滯係數(shù) ( ) 介電係數(shù) ( ) 電導(dǎo)係數(shù) 磁化率 彈性係數(shù) ( ),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,7,液晶的光學(xué)特性,,,,2020/

3、9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,8,液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)原理,電極,電極,,,,,液晶,Field OFF,Field ON,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,9,液晶顯示器主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),優(yōu)點(diǎn) 低電壓驅(qū)動(dòng)。 低消耗電流。 體積薄，重量輕。 可實(shí)現(xiàn)大面積化。 彩色化容易。 缺點(diǎn) 視角限制。 外加被光源或投射光源。 溫度操作範(fàn)圍限制。,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,10,液晶顯示器的種類,液晶 顯示器,扭轉(zhuǎn)型 (Twinst Nematic, TN) 1971 超扭轉(zhuǎn)型 (Super Twinst Nematic, STN) 1984 雙層雙扭轉(zhuǎn)型 (Double Layer STN, DSTN)1987

4、光相位補(bǔ)償超扭轉(zhuǎn)型 (Film STN, FSTN)1988 主動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)超扭轉(zhuǎn)型 (AASTN or MLS STN) 1992 強(qiáng)介電型 (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal : FLC) 1980 PDLC (Polymer Dispersive LC) 1988 PSCT (Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture) 1993 Other DS (Dynamic Scattering) 1968 PC (Phase Change) 1968 GH (Guest Host) 1968 ECB (Elcetric

5、al Control Birefregency) 1971 BTN (Bistable Twist Nematic) 1995 IPS (In Plane Switch) 1995 VA (Vertical Alignment)1996,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,11,TN 型 LCDs 顯示原理,液晶分子,,Field OFF,Field ON,,利用液晶的旋光特性 調(diào)變穿透光線,液晶的旋光特性消失,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,12,STN LCDs 顯示原理,液晶分子,,Field OFF,利用液晶的雙折射 特性調(diào)變穿透光線,2020

6、/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,13,TN & STN 電光轉(zhuǎn)移曲線V-T Curve,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,100%,90%,10%,Vns STN,Vs STN,Vs TN,Vns TN,T,V,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,14,TN 與 STN 的電壓漂移,T,,,100%,V,,,,,,,,,,STN Mode,,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,15,LCDs 驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,直接驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (Direction Addressing) 靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (Static Addressing) 多工驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (Multiplex Addressing) 主動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (Active Addres

7、sing / Multi-Line Selection) 主動(dòng)矩陣驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (Active Matrix Addressing) 兩端元件 (MIM, Diode..) 三端元件 (A-Si:H TFT, Ploy-Si TFT ..) Plasma Addressing (PALC) 熱掃描驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (雷射掃描) 光掃描驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (電子速掃描,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,16,LCDs 靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)法,,,,Vsig,Vc,Vs,Vc-Vs,ON,OFF,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,17,多工驅(qū)動(dòng)法 (振幅選擇驅(qū)動(dòng)法, APT),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,18,多工驅(qū)動(dòng)法的限制,2

8、020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,19,APT 驅(qū)動(dòng)波形,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,20,IAPT 驅(qū)動(dòng)波形,APT Addressing,IAPT Addressing,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,21,APT 與 IAPT 方式比較,APT Addressing Low Voltage Segment Driver : 2D High Voltage Common Driver : 2F IAPT Addressing Offset +D for Positive Polarity Offset +F for Negative Polarity Voltage Range of

9、 Segment Driver : F+D Voltage Range of Common Driver : F+D,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,22,高容量多工驅(qū)動(dòng)的對(duì)策,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,23,STN LCDs 規(guī)格,Operation Voltage Vop :,Bias Ratio :,Steepness :,Selection Ratio :,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,24,STN LCDs 驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓計(jì)算,If Voff=2V, N=240 rows, Then :,APT : Segment Driver : 2.96V, Common Driver

10、: 44.40V IAPT : Segment & Common Drivers : 23.68V,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,25,STN LCDs Drivers 架構(gòu),,,,,,,,,,,......移位暫存器(Shifter Register),,,,,,,DCLK,串列輸入訊號(hào),,,,,,,,,,...閂鎖暫存器(Latch Register),,,,LP,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,F+D,0,F-D,2D,偏,壓,位,準(zhǔn),,,,,............................,............................,,,,,,

11、DF,(HLHL...H),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,............................,H,L,H,H,並列輸出,,,,,,,垂直訊號(hào)電極,2D,0,2D,2D,,IAPT 參考電壓,IAPT 驅(qū)動(dòng) IC,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,26,灰階顯示 FRC,Frame Rate Control, FRC :,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,27,灰階顯示 PWM,Pulse Width Modulation, PWM :,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,28,灰階顯示 PHM,Pulse High Modulation, PHM :,20

12、20/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,29,液晶的頻率響應(yīng),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,30,Vertical Crosstalk of STN LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,31,Horizontal Crosstalk of STN LCDs,A,B,A,B,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,32,Frame Response of STN LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,33,Active Addressing for STN LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,34,Active Addressing 驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓,If Voff=2V, N=240 row

13、s, Then : F = 0.730 X 2V = 1.460V |G| = 0.954 X 2V = 21.909V Output Range of Segment Driver is about 44V. Common Driver of Common Driver is about 3V.,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,35,Segment Voltage of Active Addressing,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,36,Active Addressing 的矩陣運(yùn)算,列向量（Column）,,,時(shí)間（Time）,行向量（Row）,Bit-Map Image Mat

14、rix,,,,,,,Row Function Matrix,,,,,,,時(shí)間（Time）,列（Column）,Column Voltage Matrix,,,,,,,,,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,37,矩陣運(yùn)算方式,行（Row）,,,行向量（Row）,列向量（Column）,Bit-Map Image Matrix,,,,,,,Row Vector,,,,,,,時(shí)間（Time）,列（Column）,,,,,,,Time = Dtk,,,,,,,,,,,,行向量（Row）,列向量（Column）,第j列,,,,,,,Row Function Matrix,,,,,,,時(shí)間（Time）,列

15、（Column）,,,,,,,Column Vector,,,,,,,,,,垂直序列運(yùn)算 Column Sequential,時(shí)間序列運(yùn)算 Time Sequential,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,38,Column Sequential 硬體架構(gòu),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,39,Time Sequential 硬體架構(gòu),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,40,主動(dòng)矩陣式液晶顯示器AM-LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,41,TFT LCDs 等效電路,,,,,,,,Row Drivers,,Column Driver,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2020/9/7

16、,綠顯電子科技 ,42,Arrangement of Color Filter,Stripe,Triangle,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,43,Pixel Structure of TFT LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,44,Cs on Common 與 Cs on Gate 架構(gòu),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,45,Timing Chart of TFT LCDs,Frame Time,Gate 1 2 3 N,,Time,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,46,TFT LCDs Driving Method,Column Inversion,Dot Inversi

17、on,Row Inversion,Frame Inversion,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,47,Direct Driving of TFT LCDs,DC Bias of Common,GrayScale Voltage,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,48,AC Modulation Addressing of TFT LCDs,Common Waveform,Graylevel Voltage,,,,,1Frame / 1 Line,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,49,TFT LCDs 的電光效應(yīng)Direct Addressing,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,50,T

18、FT LCDs 的電光效應(yīng)AC Addressing,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,51,TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Common (一),TFT LCD 驅(qū)動(dòng)波形 (Cs on Common, Common = DC Bias),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,52,TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Common (二),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,53,TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Gate,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,54,TFT 電容效應(yīng)的影響,2020/9/7,綠顯電

19、子科技 ,55,液晶電容的效應(yīng),液晶電容 CLC 會(huì)隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化，因此在驅(qū)動(dòng)液晶時(shí)會(huì)有殘存的 DC 成份，其所造成的影響： Image Sticking. Picture Flicker. 液晶作用電壓大時(shí)，液晶分子趨向平行電場(chǎng)方向排列： 液晶作用電場(chǎng)小時(shí)，液晶分子趨向垂直電場(chǎng)方向排列：,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,56,二階驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的效應(yīng),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Cs,Clc,Cgd,Csd,Cgs,,,,,Vct,,,,Ch(N-1),Ch(N),Vs,垂直影像訊號(hào),水平掃描訊號(hào),Vg,水平掃描訊號(hào),Vg,2020/9/

20、7,綠顯電子科技 ,57,TFT 補(bǔ)償驅(qū)動(dòng)法,3 Level Addressing,4 Level Addressing,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,58,3 Level Addressing,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,59,4 Level Addressing,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Vst=Vct,B(+),B(-),B(-),B(+),W(+),W(+),W(-),W(-),B(+),W(-),B(-),W(+),Vp(+),Vp(-),,,,,,,Vp=CgdVghl/Ct,CsVge(-)/Ct,CsVge(+)/Ct,正極性,負(fù)極

21、性,,,,正極性,,,,負(fù)極性,Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,60,Cs on Gate 電壓補(bǔ)償方式,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,61,Comparsion of Addressing Method,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,62,Horizontal Line Crosstalk,,,A,B,,,,,,,Csc,Csc,Csc,TFT Substrate,Color Filter Substrate,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,63,Horizontal Area Crosstalk,,,A,B,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,64,V

22、ertical Area Crosstalk,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,65,Shading Crosstalk,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,66,Gate Pulse 的傳遞延遲,Gate (Scan) Line 的等效阻抗為一連串的串聯(lián) RC 網(wǎng)路，因此 Gate Pulse 在傳遞時(shí)會(huì)造成波形的傳遞延遲失真。,,,,,,,,,,,,,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,67,液晶畫素邊際電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)(一),Reverse Tilt,,,,,,,,,,,,畫素電極,鄰近電極,共通電極,VP,VL,VA,VA VL : Disclination Disappeared VP LC T

23、hreshold Voltage,,Reverse Tilt,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,68,液晶畫素邊際電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)(二),改善方法 1.增加液晶分子的 預(yù)傾角(Pretilt Angle) 2.增加 Black Mask 的 遮蔽面積,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,69,驅(qū)動(dòng) IC Scan Driver,,Bidirectional Shift Register,Level Shift Circuit,,Output Buffer,,,,G1 G2 G3 ...,,,,,,STVR,STVL,,CPV,,R/L,,,VDDD,VSSD,,,,,,,,,VDDA,VSSA,STVR

24、,STVL,G1,G2,Gx,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,70,Serial In Serial Out Analog Data Driver,Multiplexer,Pro:Very simple. Fewer external connections. Con:Many analog inputs. Reduced pixel charging time. System Note : Sample clock : (Dot clock) / N, N Phases. Video Phase : N,Variation on Multiplexer Pro:Video Inpu

25、t. Con:Fast data line charging needed. Reduced pixel charging time. System Note: Shift Clock : (Dot Clock) / 3 for Mono. Video Phase : 3 for Mono.,Sample and Hold,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,71,Serial In Parallel OutAnalog Data Driver (一),2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,72,Serial In Parallel OutAnalog Data Driver (二),D

26、ouble Sample and Hold / Multi-Phase,Por : Reduced operation frequency . System Note : Video In : N Video Phase : N Shift Clock : (Dot Clock) / N.,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,73,Digital Data Driver (一),Digital-to-analog Converters,Por : Digital input. Con : Complex. Requires sufficient precision to correct

27、for LC response variation.,Ramp In,Sampled Ramp,Por : Digital input. Programmable ramp. Con : Complex circuit. High speed digital circuits. Reduced pixel charging time.,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,74,Digital Data Driver (二),1-of-n Selector,Simple DAC Pro : Digital input. Programmable external voltages.

28、 Con : Complex circuit. High speed digital circuits. Many pass gates per data line.,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,75,Digital Data Driver (三),All Digital Circuit,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,76,Gamma Correction of LCD,Analog Correction : 2 3 Segment Approach. Digital Correction : External fixed voltage.,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,

29、77,Gamma Correction Simple Case,Transmission,Voltage,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,78,The Block Diagram of the TFT LCD Module,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,79,The TFT LCD Module Type,Classified into two kinds by data driver Analog type TFT-LCD module The analog data drivers The analog interface to PC Only NEC Digital type TF

30、T-LCD module The digital data drivers The ADC/ LVDS/PanelLink interface to PC Mainstream,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,80,The Analog Interface,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,81,The ADC Interface,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,82,The LVDS/PanelLink Interface,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,83,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,Analog Interface True Color Sampling

31、Error Low Edge Sharpness Noise in the Analog Signal Transmission,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,84,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,ADC Interface Mainstream in the Desktop LCD Monitor Interface Sampling Error Low Edge Sharpness Noise in the Analog Signal Transmission EMI Issue for High Resolution Format Low Image Qualit

32、y and High Cost,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,85,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,LVDS Interface Mainstream in the Notebook PC Interface High Edge Sharpness Reducing EMI & Number of Cable Line High Image Quality and Low Cost Short Transmission Length & Low Noise Margin Compatible Issue,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,86,PanelLink Int

33、erface Application in the Desktop LCD Monitor Interface High Edge Sharpness Reducing EMI & Number of Cable Line High Image Quality and Low Cost Second Supply Source Issue,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,87,大面積高解析度 TFT LCDs 的開口率影響因素,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,88,Plasma Addressing LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科

34、技 ,89,In-Plane-Switch Mode LCDs,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,90,Vertical Alignment Mode LCDs,未加電場(chǎng) OFF 狀態(tài),施加電場(chǎng) ON 狀態(tài),入射光,偏光板,液晶分子,玻璃基板,出射光之 極化狀態(tài),解偏板,,出射光,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2020/9/7,綠顯電子科技 ,91,Comparison of Liquid Crystal Modes,,,,,,,,,Slightly dependent on viewing angle,,廣視角,液晶反應(yīng)速度慢,Off(Black) On(White),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,畫面對(duì)比低,畫面品質(zhì)差,,TN,IPS,VA,