2019版高考英語一輪基礎習選題 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 一、閱讀理解。 The Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and entertainment. We can find new recipes on the Internet or advice on staying healthy. We can even use it to learn a new language. We use the Internet to connect with family and friends and stay in touch with issues we care about. The list goes on and on. As far as the Internet being a part of our lives—well, that train has left the station. That expression means there is no going back. If you prefer boating, you can say that ship has sailed. So, there may be no going back to an Internet-free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers. Study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week online were more likely to have high blood pressure. High blood pressure makes your heart and blood vessels work too hard. Over time, this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can also cause heart and kidney disease. It is also closely linked to some forms of dementia, a brain disease. Dementia is marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and a reduced ability to reason. Let’s introduce something about the study of it. The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. It involved 335 young people, from 14 to 17 years old. One hundred thirty-four of the teens were described as “heavy Internet users”. Researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high blood pressure. The researchers say the study is the first to connect heavy web use and high blood pressure. Other research has connected that heavy Internet use with health problems including anxiety, depression and obesity. The lead researcher of the study is Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow. In a statement she said, “Using the Internet is part of our daily life but it shouldn’t consume us. ” For the purpose of the study, she explains, teens considered heavy Internet users were online on “average 25 hours a week. ” Ms Cassidy-Bushrow adds that it is important for teens to take “regular breaks from their puters or smartphones” and to do some “kind of physical activity. ” She also suggests that parents limit their children’s use of the Internet to two hours a day, five days a week. 【文章大意】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如此有用并且融入我們的生活, 但過度使用它, 會導致多種健康問題。 1. The first two paragraphs mean that ________. A. the list of the function of the Internet is too long to be endless B. the Internet has too many uses to count C. the number of the people in the world using the Internet is too many to count D. the list of the uses of the Internet is being lengthened day by day 【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。由第一句“The Internet plays a big part in human life. ”和第二段“The list goes on and on. ”可知, B項符合題意。 2. The reason of increasing people’s risk of a heart attack or stroke is that ________. A. they use the Internet too much B. they pay little attention to their health C. high blood pressure makes their heart and blood vessels work too hard D. using the Internet too much makes their heart and blood vessels work too hard 【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。由第七段“High blood pressure makes your heart and blood vessels work too hard. Over time, this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. ”高血壓使得人們的心臟和血管超負荷運行。長此以往, 這種超負荷運行會增加心臟病和中風發(fā)生的風險?！?可知C項正確。 3. Which of the following may using the Internet too much contribute to besides teenagers’ high blood pressure? A. Anxiety, depression and obesity. B. Memory disorders, and personality changes. C. Dementia, a brain disease. D. A heart attack or stroke. 【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第十一段內(nèi)容可知: 科研人員說研究結果表明過度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)首先導致高血壓。其他研究結果表明還可導致其他健康問題, 如: 憂慮、情緒低落和肥胖。故A項正確。 4. Ms Cassidy-Bushrow suggests that the proper time children spend using the Internet should be ________. A. 25 hours a week　　　 B. 10 hours a week C. 5 hours a day　　 D. 14 hours a week 【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段: “她還建議家長應該把孩子使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時間限制在每天兩小時, 每周五天?！?故B項正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案：whoever　whoever “無論誰”，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當于anyone who。 2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director. 答案：to　be fundamental to ... “……是……的基礎”。 3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen. 答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此處應用形容詞最高級。 4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of. 答案：puzzling　此處形容詞puzzling “令人困惑的”作表語，描述主語paintings的本質特征。 5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography. 答案：There　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。 6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public. 答案：harmful　此處形容詞harmful “有害的”作表語。 7．She bought a heavy curtain ________(block) out the light. 答案：to block　此處動詞不定式短語to block out作目的狀語。 8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________ , hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高興，(使)振作起來”。 9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________(pollute)． 答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在邏輯上的被動關系，故填動名詞的被動結構。 10．________(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing. 答案：Unlike　根據(jù)語意可知，“并不像”你所猜測的那樣，故填Unlike，引導名詞性從句。 三、完形填空。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are 2 more rubbish than ever before. How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造業(yè))and technology, panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 . Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. panies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 語篇解讀：文章主要講的是堆積如山的垃圾給環(huán)境帶來的影響。隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們傾向于扔掉用舊了 的東西，以新物品取而代之。 而且，包裝盒等一次性產(chǎn)品給人們帶來方便的同時，也給環(huán)境帶來很大的壓 力。 1. A. key B. belief C. project D. problem 【答案】D 【解析】A.答案，關鍵；B.看法，信念；C.項目；D.問題。根據(jù)上下文可知：東西用壞了就把它扔了，再 買新的。這就出現(xiàn)了垃圾堆積如山的問題，故選 D。 2. A. picking out B. throwing out C. running out of D. cutting out 【答案】B 【解析】throw out rubbish 扔掉的垃圾?！疤暨x，選擇，辨認出”、“用完，耗盡”與“剪裁；剪下”不符 文意。故選 B。垃圾堆積如山的問題是因為人們?nèi)拥舻睦纫酝魏螘r候都多造成的。 3. A. face B. bee C. observe D. change 【答案】B 【解析】第二、三、四自然段講 a throwaway society 形成的 cause。因此此處問了一個問題：“我們是怎樣 變成了一個愛浪費的社會的呢？”。而不是怎樣去 face(面臨)、observe(觀察)或 change(改變)的。 4. A. consume B. control C. replace D. withdraw 【答案】C 【解析】后半句說我們不是花時間與金錢去修理壞了的東西，說明我們是用另外的東西來“代替”它們， 因此用“replace”，故選 C。consume 消耗，耗費，消費；control 控制；withdraw 收回。 5. A. Thanks to B. In particular C. Except for D. Regardless of 【答案】A 【解析】A.多虧；B.尤其，特別；C.除了；D.不管。依據(jù)邏輯關系，公司能夠快速而廉價地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品出來 是“因為”現(xiàn)代的制造業(yè)和技術，故選 A。 6. A. safe B. legal C. cheap D. powerful 【答案】C 【解析】與 inexpensively 相對應，產(chǎn)品就“便宜”。其他選項與文章無關。故選 C。 7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 【答案】A 【解析】A.愛，喜歡；B.缺少；C.阻止；D.劃分。依據(jù) Another cause 知道產(chǎn)生更多垃圾的原因是我們“喜 歡”使用一次性產(chǎn)品。與后文中的 appetite(嗜好)相照應。故選 A。 8. A. sensitive B. kind C. greedy D. busy 【答案】D 【解析】 依據(jù)后文 to save time and make our lives easier 可知是“繁忙”的人們， 而不是 sensitive (敏感的) 、 kind(善良的) 、或 greedy (貪婪的)。故選 D。 9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends 【答案】A 【解析】A.方法；B.地方；C.工作；D.朋友。為了省時和生活更加舒適，人們就使用一次性產(chǎn)品，公司也 就“生產(chǎn)”大量的一次性產(chǎn)品。使用一次性產(chǎn)品是一種 save time and make our lives easier 的“方 式”。故選 A。 10. A. conserve B. receive C. produce D. preserve 【答案】C 【解析】A.保護；B.收到；C.生產(chǎn)；D.保存。句意：企業(yè)生產(chǎn)大量的一次性產(chǎn)品，故選 C。 11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes 【答案】D 【解析】adapt to 適應；return to 返回，歸還；respond to 反應；contribute to 為……做貢獻，促成，有助于。 從“also”一詞可看出此處又是講我們對新產(chǎn)品的 appetite(嗜好)也“導致，促成”了上述問題，故 選 D。 12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)前文的 appetite(嗜好)，我們不會“厭倦”“擔心”和“羞于”購買新產(chǎn)品，而是對此“上 癮” ，因此選 B。 13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger 【答案】A 【解析】A.更新的；B.更強壯的；C.更高的；D.更大的。前文 new things 提示。后文 new ones 與之照應。 句意：廣告使人們相信新的更好，故選 A。 14. A. pick up B. pay for C. let off D. throw away 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞短語。A.撿起，學會，用車接；B.支付；C 排放；D.扔掉。我們不斷購買新東西，于是 就“扔掉”了還有用的東西，故選Ｄ。 15. A. advantages B. purposes C. conflicts D. consequences 【答案】D 【解析】垃圾成山是 throw away lifestyle(愛浪費的生活方式)的“后果”，不是“優(yōu)點”、“目的”、和 “沖突，矛盾”，因此選 D. consequence 結果。 16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure 【答案】C 【解析】A.顯示，展示；B.記錄；C.減少；D.測量。并列的兩個不定式表目的，后文說政府要求回收物品 循環(huán)使用，因此是“減少”垃圾，故選Ｃ。 17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands 【答案】B 【解析】A.技術；B.環(huán)境；C.消費者；D.品牌。全文都是談的與環(huán)境相關的話題，因此是保護“環(huán)境”。 故選 B。 18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 【答案】A 【解析】 A.然而； B.要不然； C.因此； D.同時。 依據(jù)上文可知回收是一種解決問題的方法， 后文中 not enough 與之相對，因此此處有轉折意味，故選Ａ。句意：然而，只是要求人們循環(huán)利用是遠遠不夠的， 故選 A。 19. A. by B. in favor of C. after D. instead of 【答案】D 【解析】 A.通過； B.支持； C.在……之后； D.代替， 而不是。 本段講除了上文中提到的回收外的 another way 就是 repair our possessions(修理東西)，自然“代替”了扔掉，故選 D。 20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising 【答案】C 【解析】A.花費，度過；B.收集；C.修理；D.宣傳。句意：我們也需要重新考慮對修理的態(tài)度，根據(jù)下句 “repairing...”可知答案，故選 C。 四、單句改錯 1．Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→in　in time for ... “及時趕上了……”。 2．It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→down　break down “出故障”。 3．She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：of→to　give birth to “分娩；產(chǎn)生”。 4．Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out后加for　watch out for sth. “當心/密切注意某物”。 5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one. _____________________________________________________ 答案：bigger→big　在比較等級的表達方式中“as ... as”中，應用形容詞或副詞的原級。