2019高考英語(yǔ) 詞匯（12）練習(xí)（含解析）.doc

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詞匯（12） 復(fù)習(xí)：1、核心單詞2、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)3、寫作句式4、我讀我練（詞匯應(yīng)用、句式仿寫） 【單句單詞語(yǔ)法填空】 1． Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______. 答案：another　句意：循環(huán)利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方法，再次使用是另一種。another“另一，又一”。 2． To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues. 答案：that　根據(jù)“先贏得了學(xué)生的信任，然后贏得了同事的信任”可知，此處用于替代不可數(shù)名詞trust，應(yīng)用that；如果替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用those或the ones。 3．(2013天津，12改編)At our factory there are a few machines similar to______described in this magazine. 答案：those　考查用于比較對(duì)象替代的代詞。比較對(duì)象的替代通?？梢杂胻hat替代不可數(shù)名詞，those替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故此處用those替代比較對(duì)象machines。 4．(2015安徽黃山一模改編)Cultural shock is a feeling which most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of ________ own. 答案：their　句意為：文化沖擊是一種大多數(shù)旅游者在外國(guó)會(huì)經(jīng)歷的感受，他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕c自己的文化大不相同。根據(jù)句意可知此處指旅行者自己的文化。of ones own為固定搭配“某人自己的”，故填their。 5．(2015威海市二模)I had to raise my voice to make ______ heard in the noisy crowd. 答案：myself　句意為：在嘈雜的人群里，我不得不提高聲音使自己被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。make myself heard意為“使我自己被聽(tīng)到”。 核心單詞 1.essential adj.　　　 必不可少的；本質(zhì)的 2.estimate n.& vt. 估計(jì)，估量 3.evaluate vt. 評(píng)價(jià)；估計(jì)，求……的值 　　　vi. 估價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià) 4.evaluation n. 估值，評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估 5.event n. 事件；大事 6.eventually adv. 最終 7.exchange n. 交換，互換；匯兌，兌換；交易所；交流 　　 vt. 交換，兌換；交流 8.excuse n. 借口；辯解 vt. 原諒；寬恕 9.exhibition n. 展覽；展覽會(huì) 10.expand v. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充，擴(kuò)張；膨脹 11.expectation n. 預(yù)料；期望；指望 12.expense n. 支出；消費(fèi)；[U]費(fèi)用，價(jià)錢；(pl.)開支；花費(fèi) 13.experience n. [U]經(jīng)驗(yàn)；[C]經(jīng)歷 　　　　vt. 經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn) 14.experiment n. 實(shí)驗(yàn) 15.explanation n. 解釋，說(shuō)明 16.explorer n. 探險(xiǎn)者 17.expose vt. 揭露，揭發(fā)；使暴露；(照片)使曝光 18.expression n. 表達(dá)；詞句；表示；表情 19.extraordinary adj. 非凡的；不平常的；特別的 20.extreme adj. 極度的，極大的；在盡頭的，末端的；偏激的，走極端的 21.failure n. 失敗 22.familiar adj. 熟悉的 23.fantastic adj. 幻想的，異想天開的；奇異的，古怪的 24.fascinating adj. 魅力無(wú)窮的 25.fatal adj. 致命的，重大的 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.for fear of　　　　　以免，害怕 for lack of 因缺少 for the sake of 為了……起見(jiàn) 2.free of charge 免費(fèi) in charge (of) 主管；負(fù)責(zé)(……) in the charge of 由……負(fù)責(zé)、主管 take charge (of) 負(fù)責(zé)；掌管(……) 指控某人(做)某事 【閱讀理解】 In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. Jean’s father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming munity in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳傘), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an "F" on it. The teacher told her it was a "fairy tale" and that none of the occupations she listed were women’s jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated. One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. "If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do?" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, "You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you don’t go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough." The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teacher’s desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of being a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. "Then do it!" she said. So Jean did. It didn’t happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasn’t in Jean’s nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way. She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副駕駛員). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines. 1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _________. A.it was mon for women to be airline pilots B. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the future C. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew up D. she was deeply hurt by her teacher’s ment on her dreams 2.What was Mrs Slaton’s reaction when she learned about Jean Harper’s dream? A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to. B. Offering Jean as much help as she could. C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream. D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties. 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream. B. Jean Harper’s great achievements in flying. C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot. D. Jean Harper’s determination to pursue her dream. 4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream? A. Her father’s influence on her. B. Mrs Slaton’s support. C. Her decision to stand up for herself. D.A teacher’s humiliation when she was in the third grade. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了Jean Harper如何在英語(yǔ)老師的鼓勵(lì)下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)一名飛行員的夢(mèng)想。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Jean was devastated and humiliated"和第四段中的"The hurt and fear of years of discouragement"可知答案為D。 3.B 【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要講述了Jean Harper在飛行方面的成就，所以答案為B。 4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到的Jean Harper的兩位老師，一位打擊她的夢(mèng)想，讓她幾乎對(duì)此喪失信心；另一位老師給她無(wú)限的信心，讓她相信自己，堅(jiān)持追尋夢(mèng)想，所以答案為B。 寫作句式 主語(yǔ)從句 1.(2016北京高考書面表達(dá))What made Yue Fei most respectable was that he didn’t give up fighting for his nation even when he was wronged by some. 即使被一些人冤枉，岳飛仍然為自己的國(guó)家而戰(zhàn)，這是他最值得人們敬佩的地方。 2.(2016天津高考書面表達(dá))What impresses us most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. 給我們印象最深的是你的藝術(shù)技巧，顯示出了不同凡響的才能。 3.(2013四川高考書面表達(dá))It is widely believed that through constant efforts, good learning habits will lead to greater success. 人們普遍相信，通過(guò)不斷的努力，好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣會(huì)使得人們?nèi)〉酶蟮某晒Α? 我讀我練 Ⅰ.詞匯應(yīng)用 1.I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar(熟悉的) faces among the audience. 2.The scientific research institute has conducted an experiment (實(shí)驗(yàn)) on nuclear reactions today. 3.It was a long journey, but we eventually (eventual)arrived. 4.Please give him lots of love instead of high expectations (expect); otherwise he will be loaded with great pressure. 5.More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities for__lack__of__space(由于缺少空間). 6.He sold his farm, left his family in__the__charge__of (由……負(fù)責(zé)) a neighbor, and away he went in search of diamonds. Ⅱ.句式仿寫 1.最令我感到失望的是，只有百分之十的學(xué)生為了獲取知識(shí)和提高寫作能力而在空閑時(shí)間選擇閱讀。 What__disappoints__me__most__is__that only 10% of the students choose to read in their spare time in order to acquire knowledge and improve writing ability. 2.人們普遍認(rèn)為我們壓力很大，(而且)看起來(lái)似乎壓力在增加。 It__is__widely__acknowledged__that we are under great pressure, which seems to be on the increase. 3.你們都通過(guò)了這次艱難的測(cè)試，這真是太棒了。 It__is__wonderful__that all of you have passed the difficult exam. 【練習(xí)】 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father! 【答案】　 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father! 第一處：刪除however。考查連詞。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表語(yǔ)放句首時(shí)，從句倒裝，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，however多余。 第二處：her→his?？疾榇~。與上文人稱代詞he保持一致，可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his。 第三處：neighbor→neighbors?？疾槊~所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞window。 第四處：has→had?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與asked呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。 第五處：a→the。考查冠詞。tell the truth為固定詞組搭配，符合語(yǔ)境，故用定冠詞the。 第六處：scold→scolding?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞scolding作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。 第七處：our前加to?？疾榻樵~。apologize to sb.意為“向某人道歉”，為固定詞組搭配，故用介詞to。 第八處：and→but?？疾檫B詞，not only...but also...意為“不但……而且……”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故用連詞but。 第九處：what→how?？疾橐蓡?wèn)詞。與teaches呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示方式，故用how。 第十處：luckily→lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。與I am呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞lucky作表語(yǔ)。