2019-2020年初中英語(yǔ) 中考完型填空課程資料教案.doc

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2019-2020年初中英語(yǔ) 中考完型填空課程資料教案1中考完型填空概述分析22中考完形填空的命題趨勢(shì)33完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)44完形填空的考查點(diǎn)54.1完形填空與單項(xiàng)選擇題的區(qū)別54.2完形填空與閱讀理解的異同55中考完形填空解題方法66中考完形填空高分突破106.1解題技巧篇106.2能力提高篇127中考真題連線157.105年北京中考157.206年北京中考題167.307年北京中考真題177.408年北京中考真題187.509年北京中考真題208附錄：中考完形填空核心短語(yǔ)228.1動(dòng)詞詞組(包括短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)、介詞詞組和其他詞組228.2動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)和其他詞組298.3量詞詞組和其他詞組321 中考完型填空概述分析完形填空題是通過(guò)閱讀考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及語(yǔ)言知識(shí) 綜合運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試形式。在一段難度適度的文章中留出10個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的A, B, C, D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使補(bǔ)足的短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。完形填空主要考查以下三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：1. 詞匯：此類題目考查的內(nèi)容是：近義詞的區(qū)別，詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。近幾年中考題中的完型填空題考查的詞匯類別涉及到名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2. 語(yǔ)法：此類題目考查的是：各種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則在文章中的運(yùn)用。其中包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，介詞、數(shù)詞、代詞和連詞的用法，主謂一致，各種從句的用法等。3. 結(jié)構(gòu)：此類題目考查的是：文章中間句子與句子之間，段落與段落之間，上文與下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。2 中考完形填空的命題趨勢(shì)下表是對(duì)xx年全國(guó)各省市中考課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)的完形填空題統(tǒng)計(jì)：題材故事科普文化人物風(fēng)土人情體育篇數(shù)24113812百分比492261624體裁記敘文說(shuō)明文應(yīng)用文議論文其他篇數(shù)3111331百分比6322662通過(guò)上表的分析以及綜合北京xx年中考完形填空試題的分析，我們可以看出完形填空在近幾年及今后的命題趨勢(shì)：1. 所選短文題材多樣化，以記敘文、說(shuō)明文為主，其他題材為輔。2. 所選短文內(nèi)容更加新穎，更富有時(shí)代氣息。更貼近學(xué)生的校園生活和現(xiàn)代生活。3. 考察的重點(diǎn)已由在語(yǔ)篇中單純考察語(yǔ)法轉(zhuǎn)向了對(duì)語(yǔ)篇綜合理解能力的考察。3 完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)完形填空一般有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1. 完形填空所選的文章比較多的是情節(jié)明了、層次分明、內(nèi)容易懂的故事性或記敘性的文體，文中較少出現(xiàn)生詞，這樣有助于考生整體理解和思路暢通。完形填空所選文章一般較之同一份試卷中的閱讀理解題所選的文章，其難度要略低一些。2. 完形填空的選文篇幅一般在170-220單詞之間；空缺處的密度一般是每5-15單詞一空。3. 以意義填空為主，重點(diǎn)考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、詞語(yǔ)辨析、邏輯推斷、前后呼應(yīng)等，有時(shí)兼顧一些講英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言及生活習(xí)慣等。詞語(yǔ)搭配包括習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、名詞等的相互搭配；詞語(yǔ)辨析包括近義詞的辨析和易混詞的辨析；邏輯推斷包括根據(jù)上下文的信息判斷和邏輯關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果、條件、讓步等關(guān)系，也包括根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，選出一個(gè)意思與內(nèi)容相符合的詞或詞語(yǔ)；前后呼應(yīng)是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多個(gè)選擇，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文結(jié)合或聯(lián)系起來(lái)理解，就只能有一個(gè)選擇。4 完形填空的考查點(diǎn)完形填空主要考兩個(gè)方面：考生的閱讀能力和詞匯知識(shí)。4.1 完形填空與單項(xiàng)選擇題的區(qū)別一些同學(xué)把完形填空誤認(rèn)為只是短文形式的單項(xiàng)選擇，因?yàn)槟壳拔覀兯扇〉耐晷翁羁盏男问绞窃谝黄^為完整的文章中去掉若干詞語(yǔ)，然后在文章之后為每一空提供四個(gè)可供選擇的單詞或詞組，由考生根據(jù)對(duì)上下文內(nèi)容的理解和分析，選出自己認(rèn)為正確和合理的一項(xiàng)。其實(shí)，完形填空和單項(xiàng)選擇填空是兩個(gè)不同的考試題型，其著重點(diǎn)也是不同的。從近幾年中考命題的趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)更突出了能力的考查，而象單項(xiàng)選擇中的一部分題目那樣單純考語(yǔ)法在該題中幾乎是不予考慮的。在完形填空這一題中你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，多數(shù)考題中所出現(xiàn)的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法的角度來(lái)分析往往都是正確的。在你尚未完全讀懂整篇文章時(shí)，你無(wú)法選出正確答案。因此，若是你平時(shí)缺乏閱讀能力方面的訓(xùn)練，想在完形填空一題上取得高分是不大可能的。4.2 完形填空與閱讀理解的異同完形填空中還考詞匯知識(shí)，也就是說(shuō)，該題提供大量的單詞、詞組作為選項(xiàng)，考查你是否能完全理解這些詞或詞組的正確意思，或更確切地說(shuō)是這些詞或詞組在該語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的特定意義。當(dāng)然，這些特定意義還包括文化上的意義。如果你沒(méi)有做過(guò)大量的詞匯和短語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練，也很少語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，則很難把握每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的確切意思，更無(wú)法看出一些詞語(yǔ)在某種語(yǔ)境之中所表達(dá)出來(lái)的特定含義，因此，你就很難避免在這一題上失分。5 中考完形填空解題方法1. 通讀全文，把握文章主旨，洞察作者寫作意圖 通讀全文是做完形填空之前必不可少的工作，在快速閱讀的過(guò)程中，不要急于看選項(xiàng)，而要一口氣讀到底，以求綜觀全文，獲得對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體了解，從而確定作者的 寫作意圖，判斷自己的 基本思路。 2. 重視首段，“好的開(kāi)始是成功的一半” 完形填空中，第一句一般不設(shè)空。通過(guò)認(rèn)真分析首段，可發(fā)現(xiàn)首段多向讀者交代了事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景、人物、起因等，使讀者在下面的閱讀中有一個(gè)清晰的語(yǔ)境。 如：Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? if so，then a new alarm clock could be just for you . The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits_1_ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep_2_rousing you. Its makers say that should_3_you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. 1. A. beside B. near C. for D. around 2. A. upon B. before C. towards D. till 3. A. ensure B. assure C. require D. request 本文通過(guò)問(wèn)答的方式引出主題一款新型鬧鐘在清晨叫醒你的時(shí)候能讓你精神振奮，從而為下文的進(jìn)一步描寫作了鋪墊。第1小題主要是考察一個(gè)固定用法wait for sb. to do something；而2小題主要考查句子含義；第3小題照應(yīng)第一段中所提及的情況。因此，這3個(gè)小題的答案分別應(yīng)為 C、B、A。 3. 記住十二字方針“上下求索，左右逢源，瞻前顧后” 完形填空中，我們常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)上一句的答案就隱藏在下一句中，或上一段為下一段作鋪墊。因此當(dāng)遇到自己拿不準(zhǔn)的地方時(shí)，一定不能心慌，應(yīng)耐心地看下去。 如：The other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless,_poison flowed instead of water and where devils(惡魔) and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled. A. which B. that C. whose D. where 這個(gè)句子很明顯是在考查一些基本的語(yǔ)法。將語(yǔ)法考查應(yīng)用于完形填空是近年來(lái)考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合能力的大趨勢(shì)。這個(gè)句子對(duì)于連詞的考查 ，即使你不能正確地分析句子的類型也一樣也可以做得到，因?yàn)樵摼渲幸粋€(gè)and 體現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句子是同類從句的并列使用，那么選出正確答案就相當(dāng)容易了。本題的答案應(yīng)為D。 有時(shí)，為了使文章生動(dòng)活潑，作者會(huì)使用一些比喻或排比的寫作手法。那么這時(shí)就要停下來(lái)分析他們之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，來(lái)確定正確答案。 如：It was New Years night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep_1_sky, where the stars were _2_ like white lilies(百合花) on the surface of a clear calm lake. 1. A. grey B. blue C. black D. cloudy2. A. floating B. flashing C. hanging D. shining 有很多同學(xué)在做這兩道題時(shí)都會(huì)誤選C 和C 。究其原因是第一句中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞night，因此很多同學(xué)都認(rèn)為天空應(yīng)該是黑色的，而按照常規(guī)思維星星又似乎是掛在天空上的。但是，此題中有很明顯的一個(gè)比喻句，因此解題的突破口就在這個(gè)比喻句上了。我們都知道，只有在兩種情況有相似性的時(shí)候才使用比喻。那么仔細(xì)分析后面的句子，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)百合花在平靜的水面上，會(huì)是一種什么意境呢？把星星比做百合花，那么天空就是平靜的湖水了，眾所周知，平靜的湖水應(yīng)該是藍(lán)色的，而且花在水上應(yīng)該是飄著的。因此這兩小題的正確答案應(yīng)為B 和A。 4. 充分考慮語(yǔ)法和詞匯在完形填空中的應(yīng)用 如：When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had bee fam ous as radio mentators were able to be effective on TV. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to _1_ themselves to the new medium were technical. When working on radio, for example, they had bee _2_ to seeing on the behalf of the listener. This _3_ of seeing for others means that the mentator has to be very good at talking, . 1. A. turn B. adaptC. alterD. modify 2. A. experienced B. determinedC. establishedD. accustomed3. A. efficiency B. technologyC. artD. performance 在第 1題中，adapt動(dòng)詞常與to搭配，表示“適應(yīng)”，因此，要注意動(dòng)詞或詞組的搭配；第2題也是習(xí)慣搭配，be /bee accustomed to sth./doing sth.表示“習(xí)慣于”，其中to為介詞，注意上下文聯(lián)系，to seeing正好符合要求；第3題關(guān)鍵是抓住空白處后的介詞of，of前后是同格關(guān)系，即seeing for others和空白處所要填入的名詞表示同一意思。因此這幾個(gè)小題的正確答案應(yīng)為B、 D、 D。 5. 注意句子間的邏輯關(guān)系 一般所填空格的句子與上下文可構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比較、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系并結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)的基本含義來(lái)確定。 如： The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection;_ , what he needs is to befitted into a highly organized university system. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also 根據(jù)上下文，空格前的意思為“外籍研究學(xué)者通常把自己隔離在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里作為一種保護(hù)的手段”?？崭窈鬄椤八枰谌氲氖歉叨鹊慕M織化的大學(xué)系統(tǒng)”。前者是一種孤離的狀態(tài)isolate，而后者是一種組織化的系統(tǒng)befitted to a higly organized university，從邏輯角度而言，前后已然成為對(duì)立、矛盾的關(guān)系。所以答案應(yīng)為表示對(duì)比（轉(zhuǎn)折）關(guān)系的連詞however。 6. 排除法在完形填空中的應(yīng)用如：“In the United States professors have many other duties 1teaching, such as administrative or research work. 2, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class limited.” 1. A. but B. except C. with D. besides 2. A However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless 在完形填空中，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)同性元素，而所謂的同性元素就是指具有相同的含義，同樣的語(yǔ)法功能以及一致用法的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只要具備以上幾個(gè)條件，它們相互之間就構(gòu)成了同性元素。其實(shí)，同性元素的出現(xiàn)，是出題者黔驢技窮的表現(xiàn)，往往是為了湊足4個(gè)選項(xiàng)不得已而為之的。分析以上兩題選項(xiàng)，很明顯1題中A與B互為同性元素，意思與語(yǔ)法功用一模一樣，均表示“除了（不包含）”。 2題中A與D也如出一轍，均是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，譯為“然而，但是”，選項(xiàng)中一旦出現(xiàn)同性元素，它們必定不是正確答案，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中有同性元素存在，考生應(yīng)立即將其排除掉。這樣一來(lái)1題只剩下可選答案C、D，2題只剩下B、C，可選范圍大大縮小，再根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的判定即可得出正確答案和B。 7. 做好檢查 填好空格后，應(yīng)細(xì)讀一遍，看文章是否完整，用詞是否達(dá)意，上下文是否連貫，有無(wú)前后矛盾、邏輯錯(cuò)誤，特別是一些考查詞語(yǔ)搭配的地方要仔細(xì)斟酌。若在情景、語(yǔ)法、詞匯、邏輯等方面都順理成章的話，這篇完形填空就比較成功了。6 中考完形填空高分突破6.1 解題技巧篇1. 上下文暗示法He went to prepare a bill for it. But when the owner gave it to him, the thief looked very (9) _ and said, “I didnt mean to get something as expensive as that. Do you have anything (10) _?”9. Asurprised B. unhappy C. excited D. angry 9. surprised, 店主開(kāi)出的價(jià)格肯定是很高，超出了小偷所想象的范圍，這由下句“I didnt mean to get something as expensive as that .”也會(huì)得到啟示的。所以當(dāng)小偷看到價(jià)格時(shí)會(huì)感到很吃驚。10. A. else B. expensive C. better D. cheaper10. cheaper, 對(duì)應(yīng)前邊的 “as expensive as that” 可知這里應(yīng)該填cheaper。這也是同expensive 相對(duì)比的原因。2. 邏輯推理法這種方法也叫語(yǔ)境推測(cè)法。完形填空題是一篇有完整內(nèi)容的文章，各段各行之間有著邏輯上的必然聯(lián)系。在所提供的選項(xiàng)中，有的從語(yǔ)法角度考慮是正確的，從語(yǔ)意上考慮就會(huì)自相矛盾，出現(xiàn)不合邏輯的現(xiàn)象。這時(shí)應(yīng)從文章和句子的意思入手，對(duì)語(yǔ)法無(wú)誤的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)通過(guò)分析對(duì)比，選出最符合上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的答案。如：Harry Potter has just e, so he has _ friends in our class.A. much B. little C. few D. quite a fewmuch 和 little 不能和后面的可數(shù)名詞 friends 連用，應(yīng)先排除前兩個(gè)選項(xiàng);后面的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，都可以被選。這時(shí)，需要從語(yǔ)意上分析，既然“哈里波特剛剛來(lái)這兒”，按邏輯推理“在班上沒(méi)幾個(gè)朋友”才對(duì)。因此，應(yīng)選表示否定意義的不定代詞 few。如果把邏輯詞 so 換成連詞 but，就成了“雖然哈里波特剛剛來(lái)這兒，但是卻有相當(dāng)多的朋友”，這時(shí)選 D 才對(duì)。3. 固定搭配法（后附完形填空核心短語(yǔ)搭配表）英語(yǔ)中，固定句型和短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)不僅是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是完形填空題測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。固定搭配形式較多，有名詞短語(yǔ)搭配、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)搭配及成語(yǔ)等。這些固定搭配都是語(yǔ)言在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展和演變過(guò)程中形成的，是語(yǔ)言的精華。只有在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中認(rèn)真積累，做題時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。做這類題時(shí)，幾乎不需要進(jìn)行什么分析，立馬就能鎖定正確答案。如：I saw Mr Green _ my way home.A. in B. of C. on D. toon ones way home 是個(gè)固定搭配，意思是“在回家的路上”，據(jù)此就可馬上選定 C。4. 固定句式判斷法 Life is not easy, so Id like to say “when anything happens, believe in yourself.” When I was 14, I was _ nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often laughed at me.A. so B. too C. very D. quite在這里運(yùn)用了tooto句型，表示太而不能，在這里表示我太緊張而不敢跟人說(shuō)話，所以選B。 5. 詞義辨析法Yang Liwei was born in an ordinary family in Liaoning Province in 1965. He became a pilot of the Chinese Air Force 1987. He _ 1,350 hours in the air.A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost解析：動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“花費(fèi)”的意思，pay和spend的主語(yǔ)一般是人，pay多指花費(fèi)金錢，spend多指花費(fèi)時(shí)間，金錢和精力；take常用于句型“it takes sb. Some time to do sth.”, it 作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式，多指花費(fèi)時(shí)間；cost主語(yǔ)常是物，多指花費(fèi)時(shí)間，金錢和勞力。本句主語(yǔ)是he,排除C和 D，空格后是1，350小時(shí)，故選B.6. 關(guān)鍵信息提示法_like me-books because they like to see in print their own names, their pictures, and the name of their friends and their pets. But more important, in this way, readers are much more interested in reading the stories. Me_books are helping children to learn how to read.A. Writers B. Children C. panies D. Friends解析：在上題中，由最后一句可知是Children. 7. 了解生活常識(shí)，確定相關(guān)知識(shí)The officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest在這樣的緊急情況下，人們的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為D。6.2 能力提高篇除了對(duì)完形填空的特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及解題技巧要做到了然于胸，要想在完形填空上取得高分萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能忽視平時(shí)的能力訓(xùn)練。1. 進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練以提高自己的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感和對(duì)文章的理解能力。由于完形填空重點(diǎn)考查的是一個(gè)考生的閱讀能力，因此，提高自己的閱讀能力是提高在完形填空中的得分的關(guān)鍵。閱讀能力的提高是和你閱讀的量成正比的。閱讀的量越大，你的閱讀能力就越強(qiáng)。因此，有計(jì)劃、有步驟地進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練是相當(dāng)重要的。在進(jìn)行閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)，除了檢測(cè)自己在閱讀中的理解情況之外，還要對(duì)閱讀文章中所出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞和詞組進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)和研究。對(duì)于重要的句式句型等也要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的研究、總結(jié)并作整理和記憶。同類句型在今后的做題中肯定會(huì)多次出現(xiàn)，如不作整理和記憶則無(wú)法產(chǎn)生較好的語(yǔ)感，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)句子所表達(dá)的意思的理解只能一直停留在模糊階段，更談不上閱讀能力的快速提高，而閱讀能力得不到提高就直接危及到完形填空一題的正確率的提高。2. 加強(qiáng)詞匯知識(shí)方面的訓(xùn)練，努力提高詞匯的識(shí)記和理解能力。有人以為，提高自己的詞匯知識(shí)無(wú)非就是要死記硬背詞匯表，把每一個(gè)單詞都熟記在心。其實(shí)，背誦詞匯表只是詞匯知識(shí)掌握的第一步，雖然這一步非常重要也是必不可少的。我們知道，一個(gè)單詞或詞組在具體的上下文中會(huì)有不同的意思，而許多這樣的意思也許在你的詞匯表上并沒(méi)有標(biāo)出。要知道，語(yǔ)言的生命力在于它的靈活性。一個(gè)詞甚至是一個(gè)非常普通的詞，在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下說(shuō)話者可能會(huì)賦予它特定的意思，從而達(dá)到某種語(yǔ)義效果。如果你缺乏一定的語(yǔ)匯訓(xùn)練，在一個(gè)不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，你硬是用你從詞匯表上所背到的詞義去理解，也許會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)不理解句子所要表達(dá)的真正含義。要提高自己在詞匯知識(shí)方面的能力，你要做的工作是：首先，在熟記每一單詞的基本詞義的同時(shí)，多記一些該單詞的各種常見(jiàn)詞義下的重要例句；其次，平時(shí)應(yīng)多作一些記錄和積累工作，把自己從閱讀中所見(jiàn)到的一些所學(xué)單詞的有用的表達(dá)法記錄下來(lái)，并經(jīng)常誦讀；另外，不妨多學(xué)一些構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，如英語(yǔ)單詞中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、前后綴、合成詞等，這些知識(shí)也可以在一定程度上提高你的詞匯知識(shí)。當(dāng)然，我們這里所說(shuō)的要讓大家去多記一些單詞的活用詞義并不是說(shuō)要讓大家把所有大詞典上所列的已學(xué)過(guò)的單詞的各個(gè)詞義全部記下來(lái)，因?yàn)檫@是沒(méi)有必要也是不可能的。這里所強(qiáng)調(diào)的只是要求大家能重視對(duì)所學(xué)單詞的活用意義的掌握，也就是說(shuō)，要求大家不要死扣單詞的個(gè)別詞義，或者僅把英文單詞和中文釋義作簡(jiǎn)單的一一對(duì)應(yīng)。下面舉一些詞語(yǔ)在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中具有某種特定含義的例子，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們用心研究，并注意單詞意義的多樣性和靈活性。例1：Theres a coat of dust on the desk. (桌子上積了一層灰塵。請(qǐng)注意coat的一般意思：如：Frith helped me into my coat.)例2：Wed better have the room aired. (我們最好讓房間通通風(fēng)。Air的本意是“空氣”，作名詞，這里轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞。類似的還有：have the wheel oiled 給輪子加點(diǎn)油。)例3：Its ages since we went to the movies. (我們好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)去看電影了。這里的ages不能翻譯成它的基本意“年齡”。另外，在句子Yesterday we paid a visit to the home for the aged.中，the aged則表示“老年人”的意思。)例4：At noon the sun beat down on our heads as we walked home. (中午我們回家時(shí)太陽(yáng)曬著我們。注意beat在此處為“（烈日）照射”之意。)例5：The train was late, so we killed time by playing cards. (火車晚點(diǎn)了，我們打牌來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。注意這里的kill不能理解成“殺死”，而應(yīng)該理解成“消磨（時(shí)間）或“打發(fā)（時(shí)間）”之意。)例6：Have we got enough money with us to meet all expenses? (我們身邊的錢夠付所有的費(fèi)用嗎？這里的meet已由原來(lái)的“會(huì)見(jiàn)、迎接”轉(zhuǎn)義成“滿足（需要、開(kāi)銷、愿望等）”。)例7：To tell you the truth, I really cant stand his calmness over this matter. (說(shuō)實(shí)話，我實(shí)在受不了他在這件事情上的冷靜。這里的stand不能翻譯成“站立”，否則全句意思不好理解。)例8：She holds a 60% interest in that farm. (她擁有那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的60的股權(quán)。這里，interest不再是“興趣”之意。)上面的例句中的一些單詞都是及其普通的，但它們?cè)谝恍┨囟ǖ木渥又袇s具有不同的意思，而這些特定的詞義也并不是說(shuō)話者隨心所欲亂加的，它們是從單詞原來(lái)的意思上拓展開(kāi)來(lái)的。掌握這些詞匯知識(shí)，有助于對(duì)完形填空考題的準(zhǔn)確理解，從而進(jìn)一步提高正確率，以取得高分。因此希望同學(xué)們平時(shí)能做有心人，增加自己的語(yǔ)匯訓(xùn)練，多做這方面的記憶。3. 多進(jìn)行完形填空的訓(xùn)練。平時(shí)多做完形填空的訓(xùn)練可以有效地提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力，以充分適應(yīng)這種考題。每做完一篇完形填空，就需要認(rèn)真核對(duì)答案，找出在做題中出錯(cuò)的原因，以便采取相應(yīng)的措施，在今后做題時(shí)避免出現(xiàn)同樣的錯(cuò)。例如，如你發(fā)現(xiàn)在做題時(shí)經(jīng)常犯詞匯理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，則你就應(yīng)該認(rèn)真記憶單詞、詞組；如你犯的是語(yǔ)篇理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，則你應(yīng)當(dāng)有意識(shí)地增加你的閱讀量，以提高閱讀理解的能力。上述工作做完后，你最好不要就把這篇做好的完形填空隨手扔了，不妨把整篇文章再默記一遍，并在文章中的空缺處填上核對(duì)后的正確的詞（應(yīng)該把這些詞默寫出來(lái)，而不是對(duì)著答案照抄），再把文章反復(fù)讀幾遍。這樣做，對(duì)你做完形填空時(shí)產(chǎn)生一種良好的感覺(jué)是很有好處的。7 中考真題連線7.1 05年北京中考Mr. Klein told the class that a new student, Inez, would join them soon. He 39 that Inez was deaf. She “talked” with others by using sign language. Mr. Klein knew sign language, and he decided to teach 40 students so that they could also “talk” with Inez.First, they learned to sign the letters. Some letters were hard to 41 . Other letters, such as C, were easier because the shape (形狀) of the hand was the same as the shape of the letter.The 42 thing they learned was fingerspelling. They signed one letter after another to spell a word. They 43 with two-letter words such as at and on. Then they spelled 44 words.Finally, Mr. Klein showed that 45 one sign could be used for a whole word. To make the sign for the word fine, a person spreads out (張開(kāi)) the fingers on one hand, 46 the thumb (拇指) to the chest (前胸), and moves the hand away from the chest. Signing is not just 47 with the hands. Expressions on the face are also 48 . The students learned to sign a question mark by using expressions on the face.When Inez first entered the classroom, she looked 49 . But the students signed, “Good morning, Inez.” She gave the class a big smile and signed back, “What a wonderful 50 !”39. A. hoped B. said C. guessed D. thought40. A. his B. my C. her D. our41. A. spell B. check C. remember D. write42. A. first B. only C. last D. next43. A. met B. started C. agreed D. helped44. A. newer B. easier C. longer D. nicer45. A. never B. perhaps C. still D. just46. A. joins B. fixes C. touches D. ties47. A. made B. done C. given D. chosen48. A. important B. different C. difficult D. strange49. A. serious B. surprisedC. frightened D. nervous50. A. wele B. congratulationC. progress D. success7.2 06年北京中考題(A)At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old peoples 36 and sang songs and performed a play for 37 . The old people were very 38 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 39 primary schools and help 40 young students. I want to be a teacher 41 Im older so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 42 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week.36AhomeBbankCshopDriver37AusBthemChimDher38AgreatBangryCsmartDhappy39AbuyBhaveCvisitDbuild40AtellBaskCteachDfind41AhowBwhenCwhereDwhy42AwriteBwaitClookDpay(B)In the park I sat down to read on the bench, disappointed by life with good reason to plain, for the world was 43 letting me down.Then a young boy came up to me and said with great excitement, “Look, what I found!” In his hand was a flower and he placed it to his nose. He said with overacted surprise, “it sure 44 pretty and its for you.”The flower before me was dead. But I knew I must 45 it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower and replied, “Just what I need. ” But 46 placing the flower in my hand, he held it midair without reason. It was then that I noticed for the very first time, that the boy was blind.I beard my voice trembling（顫抖）, tears 47 in the sun, as I thanked him for picking the “best” one. I sat there and wondered how he managed to see a self-pitying woman.Through the eyes of a blind child, at last I could see, the problem was not with the 48 ; the problem was me, And for all of those times I myself had been 49 , I made up my mind to see the 50 in life.43AonceBhardlyCalwaysDseldom44AfeelsBsmellsCkeepsDseems45AgetBtryCgiveDtake46Aas forBinstead ofCexcept forDbecause of47AshiningBfallingCrunningDdrying48AworldBflowerCboyDlife49AannoyedBsillyCproudDblind50AfutureBproblemCbeautyDreason7.3 07年北京中考真題Jessie was driving home happily when a truck went past her car. The driver was moving much too fast. When Jessie neared her exit（出口）, she _38_ something and stopped her car to the right of the highway（高速公路）. An accident had happened on the left side. The truck had _39_ a car, but the driver was gone. Jessie thought that the people inside must be badly _40_ and she should help them as much as she could.Not thinking of the _41_, Jessie hurried to the other side of the road, though few people dared（敢）cross such a busy road. Looking into the car, she saw five people two women and three children. Jessie was _42_ to see all of them moving.Jessie pulled one of the car doors. It wouldnt open. She went to the next door. _43_, she couldnt move it. She almost thought that all was _44_ before she got one of the doors to open a little. “Please get the children out,” one of the women called. Jessie _45_ a little boy from the car and moved him to a _46_ place. Then she went to bring the other children to safety.After the last child was out of the car, Jessie thought of the box in _47_ car. She had something in it that could help get that door open. So she got the box quickly. As Jessie was _48_ on the door, the driver said, “Not many people would do what youre doing.” “Your just take it easy, and Ill have you _49_ soon,” said Jessie. She was as good as her word. As soon as she helped the women out of the car, it caught fire.38. A. did B. saw C. made D. forgot39. A. hit B. met C. passed D. followed40. A. beaten B. treated C. needed D. hurt41. A. matter B. trouble C. danger D. accident42. A. proud B. happy C. nervous D. worried43. A. Again B. Clearly C. Perhaps D. Exactly44. A. expected B. missed C. lost D. found45. A. picked B. dropped C. collected D. pulled46. A. quiet B. cool C. safe D. clean47. A. their B. her C. another D. this48. A. working B. turning C. knocking D. setting49. A. back B. past C. over D. out7.4 08年北京中考真題Gibert joined the Science Club last summer. One day he was handed a piece of pa-per, a block of wood and four wheels; he was told to go home and 33_ them all .to dad. However, Gilbert s mon knew that his dad wasn t good at making thingsand decided that she would read the 34_ and let Gilbet do the work. A few .days .ht-er the block of wood was mining into a car that Gilbert 35_ named Blue Lightning. Then he and his. mother went to a car race together. But when they 36_ there ,Gilbert found that his car was the only one that had not been made by a father -son partnership(合作). The race began. One by one the cars were knocked out until it 37_ to the finalbeteen Gilbert and Jimmy. Just before the race, Gilbert asked 38_ they could stopfor a minute so that he could make a wish. After a long minute. Gilbert said that hewas 39_. People cheered as the race began. Jimmy stood with his father and watched their car racing down the road while Gilbert was surprised at the great 40_ of his car as it rushed over the finishing line less than a second 41_ Jimmy s Gilbert jumped upand down with 42_. soon the club manager came over and asked him. So, Gilbert , your wish was to 43_, right ? Oh no sir, he replied, I just wished that I wouldn t cry if I lost. Children sometimes 44_ adults with unexpected ideas. When Gilbert first sawthe other cars, he didn t cry out , Not fair ! Other chidren had their fathershelp! Gilbert didn t wish for victory in the race; instead he wished for courage.33. A. send B. returnC. lend D. give34. A. irstructions B. passageC. message D. explanatiorns35. A. easily B. carehtllyC. proudly D. kindly36. A. lived B. got C. met