介詞（短語(yǔ)） - 2022年高考英語(yǔ)備考糾錯(cuò)筆記

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1、04介詞(短語(yǔ))2022英語(yǔ)備考糾錯(cuò)筆記 糾錯(cuò)一 介詞詞義的誤用 (1)【誤】The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down. 【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down. ［分析］over通常指“正對(duì)……的上方"，表示兩個(gè)物體之間垂直的相對(duì)位置；on指線上 或面上的接觸點(diǎn)，

2、僅在兩個(gè)物體互相接觸的情況下表示“在……上面”。 (2)【誤】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often. ［iE］ In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often. ［分析］with表示用具體的工具,此處用by表示抽象的方式。by writing意為“通過(guò)寫(xiě)信”。 本題不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。 ［注意］造成以上錯(cuò)誤的原因在于對(duì)詞義接近的介詞

3、的用法不清，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)其學(xué)習(xí)。 糾錯(cuò)二介詞搭配的誤用 (1)【誤】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins. 【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins. ［分析］be rich in是固定搭配，意為“富含……:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，把of改為in。 (2)【誤】He got married with her last month. ［1E］ He got married to her last

4、month. 【正】He married her last month. ［分析］get married to sb=marry sb為固定表達(dá)，意為“與某人結(jié)婚”。 (3)【誤】 Under the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress. 【正】 With the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress. ［分析］with the help of sb意為“在某人的幫助下”為固定短語(yǔ)。 ［注意］造成以上錯(cuò)誤一方面在于不熟悉介詞的語(yǔ)法功能和不同搭配，另一方面在于英 漢差異而致，如誤區(qū)二

5、第(2)處和第(3)處。平時(shí)應(yīng)注意短語(yǔ)的積累，方能避免此類問(wèn)題。 糾錯(cuò)三介詞的缺失錯(cuò)誤 (1)【誤】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. 【正】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wail for your teacher to lead you outside. ［分析］wait for是固定搭配，意為“等待”，由于其后有賓語(yǔ)your teacher,故需要加介 詞 fo

6、r。 (2)【誤】He is the man I just spoke. 【正】 He is the man I just spoke to. ［分析］man后為省略了關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)某人講話為speak lo sb,故lo不可缺失。 糾錯(cuò)四介詞的冗余錯(cuò)誤 【誤】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week. 【正】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week. ［分析］時(shí)間名詞前

7、有next, last等修飾時(shí)，一般不再用介詞，lasl week前面不須加介詞。 ［注意］造成以上錯(cuò)誤的原因主要在于受漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的影響，若想避免此類問(wèn)題多背多練 是關(guān)鍵。 二.真題演練 1 .（2020 ? 江蘇）Taki ng on this challenge will bring you someone who shares your interests. A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of 【答案】C 【解析】 【詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)讓你和你有

8、共同興趣的人接觸。A. in exchange for 作為交換；B. in answer to 回答；C. in contact with 接觸，與 有聯(lián)系；D. in memory of紀(jì)念。根據(jù)空后someone who shares your interests及常識(shí)可知，此處指“和與你有 共同興趣的人接觸故選C。 2 .（2020 .天津）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake a monkey. A. in the shape of B. beyond the reach of C. at the mercy of

9、D. on the side of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我五歲生II的時(shí)候，媽媽給我烤了一個(gè)猴子形狀的蛋糕C A. in the shape of 呈 形狀；B. beyond the reach of 超出 的能力之外 C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side ofjfflF……,站在……的一邊。蛋糕是猴子“形狀”的。故選A。 3 .（2020 .浙江.語(yǔ)法填空）Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the wor

10、ld they lived 56 , through agriculture. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介詞。句意：公元前1000（）年以后，人們第?次真正嘗試通過(guò)農(nóng)業(yè)來(lái)控制他們 所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived 應(yīng)是之前名詞the world的定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從 句引導(dǎo)詞被省略，可推知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，即：they lived in the world, live in十名 詞，意為“居住在某地故填in。 4 .（2020 .全國(guó)卷 I .語(yǔ)法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular interest （inter

11、esting） to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （環(huán)形山），more so 65 the familiar near side. 【答案】ihan 【解析】考查介詞。句意：因?yàn)樗仁煜さ囊幻嬗懈嗟纳瞽h(huán)形山。根據(jù)空前的比較級(jí)more so可知,此處填介詞than,表示“比 更故填than。 5 .（2020 .全國(guó)卷 II .語(yǔ)法填空）Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. 【答案】with 【解析】考查短語(yǔ)。句意：竹類

12、植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be associated with 與 相聯(lián)系。故填with。 6 .（2020 .全國(guó)卷 III .語(yǔ)法填空）The artist was finally humbled （謙卑）by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家——大自然母親所折服。 結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語(yǔ)為on eartho故填on. 7 .（2020 .新高考全國(guó) I 卷（山東）.語(yǔ)法填空）Museums must compele 45 peop

13、led spare time and money with other amusements. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和金錢。此處是 固定短語(yǔ):compele for,意為:“為了 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)故填for0 8 .（2019 ?江蘇）Favorable policies are to encourage employees' professional development. A. in effect 【答案】A B. in command C. in turn D. in shape 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：好

14、的制度政策實(shí)際上都會(huì)激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effect實(shí)際上；B. in command指揮；C. in lum輪流，依次：D. in shape在外形上，處于良好 的狀態(tài)。故選A。 9 .（2019 ?浙江）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。thekey/answert?！@是固定搭配，”…… 的答案是……工故填2。 10 .（2019 .新課標(biāo) I 卷）Modem

15、 methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform （perform） consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語(yǔ)，用 of連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為” 的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩?duì)于跟蹤北 極熊的方法'

16、'用for。故填of/for。 11 .（2018 .北京）一Good morning, Mr. Lee's office. —Good morning. Td like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】A 【解析】考查介詞。句意：——早上好，Lee先生辦公室。——早上好。我想預(yù)約下周三下 午（和Mr. Lee見(jiàn)面）。make an appointment for意為"為 預(yù)約”，是固定搭配,故A選項(xiàng) 正確。 12 .（2018 .天津）Bob thought

17、 he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 【答案】B 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意:鮑勃認(rèn)為他不能去參加聚會(huì)，因?yàn)樗坏貌?寫(xiě)一份報(bào)告，但他終究去了。A.at first起初;B.aRerall畢竟，終究。C.aboveall首先;D.at random隨便地。根據(jù)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知，與前面情況相反，故選B。 13 .（2018 .江蘇）China's soft

18、power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A. in line with B. in reply （o C. in return for D. in honour of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：中國(guó)的軟實(shí)力增長(zhǎng)與H俱增全球?qū)χ袊?guó) 的賞識(shí)和理解相一致Q A. in line with按照;與…一致；B. in reply to答復(fù):C. in return for作 為…的報(bào)酬；D. in honour of為紀(jì)念。故選A?