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1、蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES1VIRAL ZOONOSES蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES2transmission arthropod vectors (blood sucking) animal vectors inhalation infected secretions contact with infected secretions direct contact with infected animals animal bites蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES3 ARBOVIRUSES RODENT BORNE VIRUSES
2、 VECTOR UNKNOWN蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES4VIGILANCE蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES5蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES6 ARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS FEBRILE DISEASES HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES7ARBOVIRUSESFAMILYENVELOPEyesyesnoSYMMETRYicosahedralhelicalicosahedralGENOMEssRNA (+ve)ssRNA (-ve)segmenteddsRN
3、A, segmented蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES8蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES9ARTHROPOD Habitat Diurnal activity Preferred host Annual activity Overwintering ability Transovarial transmissionVERTEBRATE Migratory activity Persistence of viremia Clinical consequences Reservoir ? Dead end host?蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONO
4、SES10ST LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES11PREVENTION SURVEILLANCE VECTOR CONTROL REPELLENTS CLOTHING TIMING OF ACTIVITY (OR CANCELLATION) VACCINE蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES12PREVENTION SURVEILLANCE VECTOR CONTROL REPELLENTS CLOTHING TIMING OF ACTIVITY (OR CANCELLATION) VACCINE蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VI
5、RALZOONOSES13SYLVATIC (JUNGLE) CYCLEarthropodarthropodvertebratemanvertebrate蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES14URBAN CYCLEarthropodarthropodmanman蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES15 ARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS FEBRILE DISEASES HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES16ARBOVIRAL DISEASE MANY DIFFERENT ARBOVIRUSES C
6、AUSE DISEASE OFTEN SUB-CLINICAL INITIAL VIRAL REPLICATION ENDOTHELIAL CELLS MACROPHAGES/MONOCYTE LINEAGE INTERFERON (RNA VIRUSES) VIREMIA蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES17RECOVERY INTERFERON CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY ANTIBODY MAY PLAY A ROLE DURING VIREMIC PHASE蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES18DIAGNOSISNew Yorker M
7、ay 2000蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES19DIAGNOSIS SPECIALIZED LABS蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES20RESISTANCE IgG蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES21ARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS DISTRIBUTION East US, CanadaWest US, Canada, Mexico, BrazilCentral and S America, Texas, FloridaNorth AmericaEast US, parts Europe, parts AfricaNor
8、th America FAMILYTOGAVIRIDAEEastern equine encephalitisWestern equine encephalitisVenezuelan equine encephalitisFLAVIVIRIDAESt Louis encephalitisWest Nile virus encephalitisBUNYAVIRIDAECalifornia serogroup (La Crosse etc)蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES22ARBOVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS SPORADIC LOW % INFECTIONS - C
9、LINICAL CASES NOT ALL CASES - MAJOR DISEASE CASE FATALITY RATIO (CFR) LOW PROBABLY UNDERDIAGNOSED蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES23EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPALITIS Reservoir: birds Vector: mosquito Sentinels horse,quail, turkey Children at higher risk CFR 35% 5 cases/year av.CDCtogavirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES
10、24WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPALITIS Reservoir: birds Vector: mosquito Sentinels horse,quail, turkey Children at higher risk CFR 3-5% No human cases recentlytogavirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES25VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPALITIS Reservoir: horse Vector: mosquito Mild disease in mantogavirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOS
11、ES26ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS Commonest mosquito borne disease in US Reservoir: birds can have urban cycle Vector: mosquito 50yr old 80 cases, 8 deaths CFR 10%flavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES28States in Enhanced WNV Surveillance and Control ProjectAlabamaConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaLouisianaMis
12、sissippiMarylandMassachusettsNorth CarolinaNew JerseyNew YorkNew York CityPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTexasVirginiaWashington DCSpecial Congressional appropriation of$2.9 million, Fiscal Year 2000蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES29CALIFORNIA SEROGROUP ENCEPHALITIS(includes La Crosse virus) Recentl
13、y commoner in eastern US Reservoir: small mammals Vector: mosquitos Children at higher risk Low CFR 70 cases/year av.bunyavirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES30La Crosse life cycle蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES31ARBOVIRUSES FEVER AND HEMORRHAGIC FEVERFAMILYFLAVIVIRIDAEDengueYellow feverREOVIRIDAEColorado tick
14、feverDISTRIBUTION World wide, especially tropicsAfrica, S. and C. AmericaNorth America MAIN DISEASES fever, hemorrhagic feverhemorrhagic fever fever蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES32COLORADO TICK FEVER Vector: tick Mild disease in man Fever, rash, arthralgia RMSF important consideration in differential dia
15、gnosis Probably common, rarely reportedReovirus family蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES33DENGUE FEVER jungle cycle (monkeys-mosquitos) urban cycle (man-mosquitos) rapidly increasing disease in tropics every year see in US due to import occasional indigenous transmission 50-100 million cases per year worldwi
16、deflavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES34World Distribution of Dengue1999flavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES35DENGUE FEVER fever headache retro-orbital pain myalgia, arthralgia bone-ache breakbone fever sometimes rash may look like flu, measles, rubellaflavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES36DENGUE HEMOR
17、RHAGIC FEVER hemorrhages plasma leakage hemoconcentration hypotension circulatory failure shockflavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES37DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER children more severe disease do not give aspirin CFR depends on rapid response can be as low as 1%flavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES38DENGUE H
18、EMORRHAGIC FEVER immunopathological 4 serotypes maternal antibody flavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES39Reported Cases of DHF inthe Americas, 1970 - 19980100002000030000400005000060000Reported Cases1970s1980s1990s* Provisional data through 1998蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES40CDCYELLOW FEVER jungle and urb
19、an cycles hemorrhages degeneration liver, kidney, heart CFR 50% vaccineflavivirus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES41 RODENT BORNE VIRUSES HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME PULMONARY SYNDROME蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES42CDC rodent urine contaminated materials (aerosols) respiratory tract
20、ROUTE OF INFECTION蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES43RODENT BORNE FAMILYENVELOPEyesyesSYMMETRYhelicalhelicalGENOMEssRNA ambi-sensesegmentedssRNA (-ve)segmentedHantavirus genus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES44ARENAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Lassa fever, Bolivian, Argentine hemorrhagic fever Recent cases i
21、n California of deaths thought to be associated with an arenavirus (Whitewater Arroyo Virus) dehydration, hemoconcentration, hemorrhage, shock CFR 5-35%CDC蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES45CDC蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES46HANTAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Korean hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (C
22、FR 7%) other HFRS viral diseases around the worldCDCHantavirus genus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES47HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROMECFR 40-50%Hantavirus genus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES48蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES49Radiographic Progression of HPS in the LungSource: Dr. L. Ketai via CDC蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES
23、50Hantavirus genus蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES51 VECTOR UNKNOWN HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS DUE TO EBOLA, MARBURG VIRUSES蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES52VECTOR UNKNOWN FAMILYENVELOPEyes SYMMETRYhelical GENOME ssRNA (-ve) 蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES53Ebola and Marburg virusesRussell Regnery CDCFA Murphy UC Davis.vetnet
24、.ucdavis.edu/fam_graphics/download.html蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES54EBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUSES hemorrhagic fevers case fatality rate can be as high as 60-70% for certain strains occur in Africa, natural reservoir and vector unknown high viremia - stringent barrier nursing蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES55蟲媒病毒
25、和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES56June 2000蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES57June 2000蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES58蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES59蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES60 September 20, 1999蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES61July 25th, 2000蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES62Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES63蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES64蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES65American countries with laboratory-confirmed hemorrhagic fever (red shaded areas).蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES66DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
蟲媒病毒和其他的動物病毒VIRALZOONOSES課件
