高中英語總復習 part2 第11講 特殊句式（要點透析）課件 牛津譯林版 新課標

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1、倒裝句倒裝句倒裝有兩種考法：1.放在單項選擇題中，單純考查考生的倒裝是否熟練掌握；2. 放在完形填空和閱讀理解中，設置理解障礙。一、完全倒裝將謂語動詞全部提到主語之前。常見情況有：1. 表方位的副詞here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等標志詞放在句首，謂語動詞多用be, come, go等。There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy. 【注意】當主語是人稱代詞時，主語語序不變。 Here it is. In she came.

2、Away he went. 2. 地點狀語謂語主語；此時，地點狀語為標志詞，謂語動詞為不及物動詞。South of the river lies a small factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.They ask to take photos where stands the tower.3. such, then, now, thus, the following 放句首時，謂語動詞多為come, follow, begin, end, be。Such are the facts.Such is life.The followi

3、ng is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn.4. There be/lie/exist/ stand/live 主語(there be 句型)There is a tall building on the top of the mountain.There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.5. 表語系動詞主語；表語可以是介詞短語，形容詞或分詞。 【注意】若主語較長，可還原為正常語序即：主語系動詞表語。Present at the party were Mr. G

4、reen and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men. Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”In front of the house is a cow.6. 用于以現(xiàn)在分詞開頭的句子中。Sitting around the old man were some children from big cities.7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中華人民共和國萬歲！

5、 二、部分倒裝將情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、be提到主語前。 (通?？梢赃€原為正常的語序，并以此檢驗倒裝句是否正確。)1. 含有否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首時。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen， no sooner(than)， not only(but also), at no time, by no means等。Little does he know about the news. 他對這消息知之甚少。By no means can he catch up in su

6、ch a short time. 他根本不可能在這么短的時間里趕上來?！咎貏e提醒】 若原句中沒有助動詞，必須根據(jù)謂語動詞的具體時態(tài)來確定相應的助動詞do, does 或did。He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors.(無助動詞)He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.(添加does)not onlybut also連接兩個并列主語時不可倒裝。只有在連接兩個句子且將not only所連接的句子提到句首時，才可用倒裝，but also后面的句子

7、不倒裝。Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter. (連接并列主語，不可倒裝)在“hardly/scarcelywhen從句”和 “no soonerthan從句”結構中，主句用過去完成時，而從句用一般過去時。I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off. Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off. (注意謂語動詞的形式)not until提前時，必須將n

8、ot until后面的全部內(nèi)容提前，而不僅僅是not until這兩個詞。The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (將until后面的全部內(nèi)容提前)neithernor 句型中兩個句子都需要部分倒裝。Neither did I want to see

9、 the film nor did I buy the ticket.(I neither wanted to see the film nor bought the ticket.)2. so/as/neither/nor 為標志詞放在句首；表示前面所說的肯定情況，也適合于另一人或物。so/as be (助動詞或情態(tài)動詞) 主語。 Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 So have I.我也是。He believed, as did all his family, that you were innocent.他，和他全家人

10、一樣，相信你是無辜的。表示前面所說的否定情況也適合于另一人或物。neither (nor) be (助動詞或情態(tài)動詞) 主語。 If she doesnt agree to the plan, neither will Tom.如果她不同意這個計劃，Tom也不會同意。【特別提醒】“so 主語助動詞”表示對上文肯定的內(nèi)容加以肯定或贊同，意為“的確如此”； Its raining hard. 天下著大雨。 So it is.是的。“主語did so”表示：“主語”這樣做了。Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so.Tom要我

11、去踢足球，我去了。3. only 狀語(或狀語從句)助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語謂語其他部分狀語可以是副詞或介詞短語和狀語從句。Only in this way can you learn English well. 你只有用這種方法才能學好英語。Only if he has time will he come here. 只有他有時間的話他才會來。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請了3次才來開會?！咎貏e提醒】only之后跟的不是狀語時不可倒裝。下面兩句中的only跟的就是主語：Only that

12、 boy can work out the problem. 只有那個男孩才能解答出這個問題。Only socialism can save China.只有社會主義才能救中國。 4在虛擬語氣條件句中，從句謂語有助動詞were, had, should時，可將if省略，而把were, had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should主謂謂語其他部分主句。Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim.5. 在 “sothat”和“suchthat”結構中，將“soadj.”和“suchn.”提到句首時。So terrible

13、was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.暴風雨如此厲害，整個屋頂都被吹掉了。Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.杰克是如此聰明的孩子，他能解答所有這些難題?！疽呻y點擊】句子的一部分成分通常是表語或狀語提前，但主謂語序不變。1. 標志詞as: “盡管 /雖然”句式： (1)表語(形容詞/名詞) as/though 主語 系動詞，主句?！咀⒁狻棵~前不加任何冠詞。Old as my father is, h

14、e keeps up with his English study.Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.Rich man as he is, he works hard.(2)副詞 as/though主語謂語動詞，主句。Hard as he worked, he failed.Much as I have traveled, Ive never seen a man as capable as Tom.(3)動詞原形 as/though 主語 might/may, 主句。Try as he might, Tom could not

15、 get out of the difficulty.2. No matter how/However 形容詞/副詞主語 謂語， 主句。However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him. However/ No matter how busy I am, I will help you.3. how和what引起的感嘆句How 形容詞/副詞主語謂語！What 形容詞名詞主語謂語！What a clever boy he is!How blue the sky looks!How fast time flies!省略省略在英語中，

16、有時為了避免結構上或內(nèi)容上的重復，并使上下文緊密連接；有時因為語法的客觀要求，句子中的一個或幾個成分不需要表達出來，這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。英語中的省略要求不破壞語法結構，要保持句子意義的準確無誤。省略有詞法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，還有一種替代省略。省略部分的成分和含義可從上下文或具體語言環(huán)境中找到而且是有章可循的，英語的省略大致有以下幾種情況：一、簡單句中的省略 1. 省略主語。Havent seen you for ages!2省略謂語。 (Is there) Anything you want?3. 省略賓語。I dont know (where he is ). 4省略主語和謂語(或謂語

17、的一部分)，只剩下表語、賓語、狀語或其他成分。(Have you) Got any ink? 二、 并列句中的省略 在并列句中，如果后面的分句，與前面的分句有相同的部分，這一部分則常被省略掉，以免重復。He teaches English and his brother maths. 三、復合句中的省略 1. 在含有狀語從句的復合句中 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。When (she was) asked, she didnt answer a word.As (he was) a young man, he stu

18、died law and became a lawyer.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.If (it is) so, you must go back and get it. 【疑難點擊】虛擬條件句中，含助動詞，情態(tài)動詞，動詞be或have等，若將它們提到句首，則需省略if。Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit t

19、ill next week.2在限定性定語從句中 作賓語的關系代詞that，which, whom前面無介詞時可以省略；關系代詞在從句中作表語時也可省略。the way后面的定語從句中，可以省略that，in which。 All (that) you ever want to do is going shopping. What surprised me was not what he said but the way (in which) he said it. China is no longer a country (that) used to be.【疑難點擊】當先行詞是time,

20、reason, place等時，作狀語的關系副詞when, where, why等也可以省略。The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.3. 名詞性從句中的省略 (1)引導賓語從句的連詞that在口語中常常省略，或并列的賓語從句中的第一個連詞that也能省略。He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. (2)由which, when, where或how引導的賓語從句中與主句重復的主語及謂語，可全部或部分省略，只保留一個連接詞。Someo

21、ne has used my bike, but I dont know who。 (3)定語從句中Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答語，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語從句可省略。 Do you think it will rain? I hope not.四、動詞不定式中的省略 1有些動詞，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補的結構to be n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。I consider him stupid. 2在s

22、ee, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官動詞及使役動詞let，make，have后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語中，不定式符號to須省略。3. 動詞不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等動詞后作賓語時，為了避免重復，常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但要保留不定式符號to。 Did you get a ticket? No, I meant to (get one),

23、 but there werent any left.【注意】want, like用在 when, if, what, as 引導的從句中，其后的to也?？墒÷裕纾篒ve decided to do what I like.4在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but， cant help but，prefer to do rather than do， would dorather than之后的動詞不定式一般不帶to；but之前有實義動詞do的某個形式do, does, did, done，而且其賓語是something, nothi

24、ng, anything和everything等不定代詞時， 也不帶to, 否則要帶to。We do nothing now but wait.We have nothing to do but wait.I can not but admire his courage.He has no choice but to accept the fact. 5在并列結構中為了避免重復，后一個to省略。Im really puzzled what to think or say. 但兩個不定式有對照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時，則后一個to不能省略。I came not to scold but to praise

25、 you. 6在why, why not 引導的特殊問句中后跟省略to的動詞不定式。Why talk so much about it? /Why not try it again? 7動詞不定式與 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等構成復合謂語時，不定式結構常可省略，但要保留不定式符號to。I dont want to wait for him, but I have to.He doesnt like fish, but he used to. Why didnt you come to our party? I was

26、 going to, but l had a report to write.8動詞不定式中動詞原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞，為了避免重復，句子后面的不定式常省略動詞原形，而保留不定式符號to。They may go if they wish to. Dont go till I tell you to.9.動詞不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等動詞后作賓

27、語補足語或主語補足語時，常可省略。The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab). 10系動詞(be)形容詞，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式時有時為了避免重復，常省略與上文表達相同意思的不定式符號to之后的內(nèi)容，只保留不定式符號。 Could you go shopping with me? Im glad to (go shopping with you). 【注意】承前省略的動詞不定式如果有助動

28、詞have或be, 則要保留be或have, 如：Are you a doctor? No, but I used to be.五、某些詞法上的省略 1. 名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略 (1)如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn)，則可以省略。These are Johns books and those are Marys. (2)名詞所有格所修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時，常?？梢允÷浴t the doctors 在診所2. 冠詞的省略 (1) 在the next day (morning, week, year)等短語中，有時為了使語氣緊湊

29、，定冠詞the ?？梢允÷?。We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. (2)在副詞的最高級前面的定冠詞?？梢允÷?。She sings best in the class. (3)在某些獨立主格結構中。 Father came out, umbrella in hand. Father came out, with an umbrella in his hand. 3. 介詞的省略 (1)both 后常跟of短語，其后可以接名詞復數(shù)形式，也可以接代詞賓格復數(shù)形式。接復數(shù)名詞時，介詞of可以省略

30、，但接代詞賓格時， of不能省略。Both (of) the films were interesting. She invited both of us to her birthday party. (2)在現(xiàn)在完成時表持續(xù)和重復的句型中，一段時間前的介詞for可以省略。These shoes are worn out. /They have lasted (for) a long time. (3)被動結構中，如果沒有必要強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者，則可以省略介詞by短語。The letter was posted yesterday. (4)和一些動詞搭配構成的短語中的介詞，如：consider(as)， prevent / stop(from)doing， have trouble / difficulty(in) doing， spend(in / on) doing等中的介詞可以省略。I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river?