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1、專題三閱讀理解專題三閱讀理解試題分析與技巧點撥試題分析與技巧點撥 一、閱讀理解題的命題特點 綜觀近幾年高考英語試題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀材料大都直接選自國外的媒體，保持了語言純正地道，原汁原味的特點。同時閱讀材料富有時代氣息，能體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代文明，體現(xiàn)外語教學(xué)突出文化意識和情感態(tài)勢的要求。而且題材新穎，有短篇故事、社會文化、廣告說明、科普小品等方面的內(nèi)容；體裁多樣化，有記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文和議論文。 從語言知識的角度來看，閱讀材料中對詞匯運用要求高，活用詞比比皆是。一詞多義、熟詞生義現(xiàn)象頻繁出現(xiàn)，但是命題人還是堅持了不出現(xiàn)超綱詞的原則，也就是說“那個詞考綱里是有的”，根據(jù)考綱要求，凡是能利用構(gòu)詞法知識
2、判斷出詞性和詞義的都不視為生詞，不再給出漢語注釋，但在某些省市高考卷中純超綱詞匯也偶有所見。 由于閱讀材料基本保留了其原有的語言風(fēng)格，其篇章結(jié)構(gòu)都有一定難度。原文作者在闡述問題時都使用了多種語篇的手段和修辭方法，文章的展開不全是平鋪直敘，而是間有倒敘、插敘等多種方式；一詞多義，多種時態(tài)混用，簡單句、復(fù)合句、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句，倒裝、省略、插入等語言現(xiàn)象也隨處可見。行文的跳躍性強，陳述次序富于變化，隱含信息較多，再加上閱讀材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣詞造句趨于地道，因此，許多文段讀起來感到“生澀”，常常需要閱讀幾次才能讀懂。 二、閱讀理解題型分類 從題目設(shè)置情況看，高考閱讀理解題一般包括以下四種題型
3、：細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，主旨大意題和詞義猜測題。20082010年全國卷年全國卷(新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷)遼寧、四川、重慶閱讀遼寧、四川、重慶閱讀理解題型分類統(tǒng)計表理解題型分類統(tǒng)計表年份年份試卷試卷題數(shù)題數(shù)細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題推理判斷題主旨大意題主旨大意題詞義猜測題詞義猜測題2008全國新課標(biāo)全國新課標(biāo)/全國卷全國卷1593122012512遼寧遼寧2014222四川四川2012332重慶重慶2094522009全國新課標(biāo)全國新課標(biāo)/全國卷全國卷155253205253遼寧遼寧159321四川四川2061013重慶重慶2087322010全國新課標(biāo)全國新課標(biāo)/全國卷全國卷15572120
4、61031遼寧遼寧155811四川四川207922重慶重慶208831 (一)細(xì)節(jié)理解題 細(xì)節(jié)是文章的有機組成部分，是作者表達(dá)中心思想的具體手段。讀者要準(zhǔn)確理解一篇文章，就必須重視人名、日期、事實、數(shù)據(jù)和地點等具體細(xì)節(jié)。以下就是細(xì)節(jié)理解題型考查的內(nèi)容： 1以who, what, when, where等疑問詞開頭提問短文具體內(nèi)容。 2句意轉(zhuǎn)換理解。 3就文中具體內(nèi)容進行簡單計算、排序、識圖等。 4以According to the text, From the text開頭，考查某一細(xì)節(jié)。 這類題型主要有三種形式：問句式、不完整的陳述句和排除式。 (1)問句式 How did somethin
5、g happen? Which of the following people should (not) do it? Where should somebody do something? (2)不完整的陳述句 Something can be best classified as _. According to the author, “it” was caused by _. (3)排除式 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is not included in th
6、e passage? 細(xì)節(jié)理解型題目又分直接信息題型、間接信息題型以及信息綜合類題型。 1直接信息題 直接信息題型能直接從原文中找到信息，而且選項和原文在語言表述上也沒有大的變化或有時候僅僅在表達(dá)方式上稍作轉(zhuǎn)化。在解這類題時，大家可以先看后面的題目，然后帶著問題去閱讀短文，最后采用“對號入座”的辦法，即先找到原文的關(guān)鍵信息，然后把原文信息跟后面的題目對照，從而得到答案。 例：(2010全國，A篇) Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares World Welcome to the worldfamous house where
7、 William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up. The property (房產(chǎn)) remained in the ownership of Shakespeares family until 1806. The House has welcomed visitors travelling from all over the world, for over 250 years. OPENING TIMES: 20 Mar to 19 Oct Mon to Sat: 900 am. to 500 pm. Sun: 930 a
8、m. to 500 pm. 20 Oct to 19 Mar Mon to Sat: 930 am. to 400 pm. Sun: 1000 am. to 400 pm. Enter through the Visitors Centre and see the highlypraised exhibition Shakespeares World, a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare. Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up. Discover
9、 examples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeares period. Enjoy the traditional (傳統(tǒng)的) English garden, planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poets works. ADMISSION： Adult 4.90 Child 2.20 Family 12.00 (2 adultsup to 3 children) 56. How much is the admission for a family of two grownups
10、 and two children? A. 9.80. B. 12.00.根據(jù)第二個方框里的信息Family 12.00可知全家(包括兩個大人三個孩子)門票為12英鎊。故答案為B項。 C. 14.20. D. 16.40. The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map；nearest isWindsor Street (3 minutes walk).57. Where is the nearest parking place to 57. Where is the ne
11、arest parking place to Shakespeares Birthplace?Shakespeares Birthplace?A. Behind the exhibition hall.A. Behind the exhibition hall.B. Opposite the Visitors Centre.B. Opposite the Visitors Centre.C. At Windsor Street.C. At Windsor Street.根據(jù)第二個方框右邊第一段的信根據(jù)第二個方框右邊第一段的信息可知，最近的停車場是息可知，最近的停車場是Windsor Stree
12、tWindsor Street，到莎士比亞故居，到莎士比亞故居步行僅需三分鐘。故答案為步行僅需三分鐘。故答案為C C項。項。D. Near the Coffee House.D. Near the Coffee House. The House may present difficulties but the Visitors Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible (可進入的) to wheelchair users. The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace
13、), 2.間接信息題 這類題目我們能夠從文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解題所直接需要的，需要我們對原文信息進行合理地加工處理，根據(jù)信息做簡單推理或鑒別。它是介于直接信息題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型。 例：(2010安徽，A篇) The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the companys he
14、ad office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world. By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. 56. From the text we learn that _.A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 type
15、writers a year根據(jù)根據(jù)第二段第一句中的內(nèi)容可判斷第二段第一句中的內(nèi)容可判斷A項正確。其他選項文中沒有項正確。其他選項文中沒有信息支持。信息支持。B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s.C. some of Olivettis 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy.D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning. Some went to customers in I
16、taly，but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries. Camillos son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better
17、typewriters and then calculators (計算器). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe (主機) computer designed and made in Italy. After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period offinancial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese，made faster progress in ele
18、ctronic technology than the Italian company.57. What was probably the direct result of Olivettis falling behind in electronic technology?A. Adrianos death.B. A period of financial problems.根據(jù)第四段可知，它之所根據(jù)第四段可知，它之所以在電子技術(shù)方面開始落后，直接原因是有一段時期財政困以在電子技術(shù)方面開始落后，直接原因是有一段時期財政困難，而在此期間，其他公司尤其是日本在電子技術(shù)方面有了難，而在此期間，其他公
19、司尤其是日本在電子技術(shù)方面有了較大的進步。故答案為較大的進步。故答案為B項。項。C. Its faster progress.D. Its agreements with other companies. 3.信息綜合類 這類題目的信息不僅僅涉及文章的某一句話，還可能涉及文章的幾句話，而且有時可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能“斷章取義”，也不能張冠李戴。 例：(2010山東，C篇) Rae Armantrout, who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San D
20、iego (UCSD) for two decades, has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “Versed”. “Im delighted and amazed at how much media recognition thatthe Pulitzer brings, as compared to even the National Book Critics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win
21、，” saidArmantrout.66. According to Rae Armantrout, _.A. her 10th book is much betterB. her winning the Pulitzer is unexpected由第二段最后一句由第二段最后一句中的中的“also surprised”可知，她對于自己的作品贏得可知，她對于自己的作品贏得“Pulitzer Prize(普利策獎普利策獎)”感到很吃驚，也就是說這是她感到很吃驚，也就是說這是她所沒有預(yù)料到的。另外，倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話中的所沒有預(yù)料到的。另外，倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話中的“shocked”也是提示。也
22、是提示。C. the media is surprised at her worksD. she likes being recognized by her readers “For a long time, my writing has been just below the media radar, and to have this kind of attention, suddenly, with my 10th book, is really surprising.” Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelors de
23、gree at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov，and her masters in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group inAmerican poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.
24、In March, she won the National Book Critics Award for “Versed” “This book has gotten more attention，” Armantrout said, “but I dont feel as if its better.” The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking holdof the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at
25、 the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life afterArmantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006. Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer butmany of her colleagues were not. “Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry，” said Seth Lerer, head of Arts and Humanities at U
26、CSD. “Versed，” published by the Wesleyan University Press, did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works, which is about 2,700 copies. The new edition is scheduled to appear in May. 67. Which of the following is TRUE of Rae Armantrout? A. She published a poetry textbook. B. She used to teac
27、h Denise Levertov. C. She started a poets group with others.由第四段的最后一句話可知，她和其他人一起發(fā)起了一個詩歌小組。由第四段首句可知她是在UC Berkeley與著名詩人Denise Levertov一起學(xué)習(xí)并取得學(xué)士學(xué)位，并在San Francisco State University獲得創(chuàng)造性寫作方面的碩士學(xué)位?？膳懦鼴、D兩項；從第七段對“Versed”的內(nèi)容介紹，可知它不是教材，可排除A項。 D. She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley. (二)推理判斷題 推理判斷題與細(xì)節(jié)理解
28、題最大的區(qū)別是前者需要根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容去推斷言外之意；后者只需在原文中找出對應(yīng)內(nèi)容。我們所讀的文章往往比較含蓄，作者經(jīng)常把需要我們理解的意思不直接表達(dá)出來，而是期待我們?nèi)ヮI(lǐng)悟文章的內(nèi)在含義。命題人恰恰就是在這方面命題?？忌鲱}時要對文章已給的信息進行合理的分析判斷，做到“有理有據(jù)”。要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的信息；要對文章的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，通過分析、綜合、判斷，進行邏輯推理；同時應(yīng)注意不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，要忠實于原文，以文章提供的信息為依據(jù)。 1組織結(jié)構(gòu)題 這類題目要求考生判斷作者的寫作方法、情節(jié)的發(fā)生順序以及文章的后續(xù)內(nèi)容、前后關(guān)系以及延伸意義等等。
29、做這一類題目時，大家應(yīng)該結(jié)合篇章結(jié)構(gòu)知識去判斷或根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容合理推測、想象。 例：(2010福建，A篇) F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist， was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while. In 1917he joined the armyand was posted in Alabama, where he met
30、 hisfuture wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her. His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could not share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet s
31、treets and take down parts of it in my diary.” This Side of Paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Tales of the J
32、azz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923)But his greatest successwas The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quickly brought him praise from the literary world.Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sa
33、d Young Men. However, Fitzgeralds problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the
34、Last Tycoon in 1940.While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism. 57. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgeralds life according to the passage? a. He became addicted t
35、o drinking. b. He studied at St. Paul Academy. c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise. d. The Great Gatsby won high praise. e. He failed to reorder his life. f. He joined the army and met Zelda. A. fceabd B. beafcd C. fdecba D. bfcdea這篇短文是人物介紹，從少年到老年的先后順序著筆，他出生于1896年，在St. Paul Academy
36、就讀，1917年參軍，結(jié)婚，1920年出版第一部小說，進入寫作旺期，1925年出版the Geat Gatsby，由此在文學(xué)界出名，最后一段講述了1930年前后他的生活變化和創(chuàng)作活動。 2.文章的體裁出處題 這類題目主要針對那些文體較為復(fù)雜的文章。大家在判斷時，應(yīng)該注意文章的整體特點或主體內(nèi)容，不要被其紛繁的結(jié)構(gòu)或“摻雜”的內(nèi)容所迷惑。 例：(2010遼寧，D篇) On May 23, 1989, Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad, New Mexico. She hadnt seen the sun for eighteen
37、and a half weeks.Stefania was in aresearch program, and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms(節(jié)奏). In this experiment Stefania had spent 130 days in a cave, 30 feet in depth. During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for twowhite mice.Her living place
38、had been very comfortable, but there had been nothingto tell her the time. Shed had no clocks or watches, no television or radio. There had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at 21. The results were very interesting.Stefania had been in the cave for over fourmonths, but s
39、he thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had changed. She hadnt kept to a 24hour day, she had stayed awake for 2025 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost 171bs in weight as a result! She had also become rather depressed (抑郁) How had she spent
40、 her time in the cave？,As part of the experiment shed donesome physical and mental tests. Shed recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free, shed played cards, read book and listened to mu
41、sic. Shed also learned French from tapes. The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light andtemperature.For example, the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However, people are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5:00 am., but others
42、dont start to wake up till 9:00 or 10:00 am. This affects the whole daily rhythm. As a result, the early risers are at their best in the late morning. The late risers, on the other hand, are tired during the day and only come to life in the afternoon or evening！ 70. Where does the text probably come
43、 from? A. A novel. B. A news story.這篇文章為讀者介紹了一項關(guān)于人體生理節(jié)奏的研究。第一段講斯蒂芬尼奧從事了一項科學(xué)研究項目，是研究身體節(jié)奏的。她需要在一個深洞里住130天進行這項實踐。第二段講她在洞里的生活狀況。第三段講這次實驗中，Stefania的生活節(jié)奏發(fā)生的變化。第四段講實驗實施的過程。最后一段講實驗結(jié)果。通篇文章是在報道一項科學(xué)實驗的新聞，所以這篇文章應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙雜志等通俗讀物上，故答案為B項。 C. A pet magazine. D. A travel guide. 3寫作意圖題 有些文章作者的寫作目的比較明確，如議論文、說明文等，但有些作者不點
44、明自己的寫作意圖，而是讓讀者自己去體會，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記敘文或夾敘夾議的文章中。作者往往敘述自己或別人的一段經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)歷中往往隱含某些人生哲理或觀點，而這些哲理或觀點往往就是作者的寫作意圖，因此在體會純記敘文作者的意圖時，大家必須弄清故事的結(jié)局，從故事的結(jié)局中挖掘出作者的用意。在夾敘夾議的文章中，作者往往是先敘述，然后發(fā)表自己對此事的看法，因此議論部分往往蘊涵著作者的寫作意圖。 例：(2010四川，C篇) Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex CO., Ltd., a major Australian medicinema
45、king company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases. A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager (ROM) tosupport our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield, due toopen in the autumn of 2010. Reporting
46、to the Director, you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction. You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRLs Health and Safety, and to communicate (溝通) with support employees
47、at ALRLs laboratories based at University College London. Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees, you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories. Cand
48、idates (申請人) will have experience of both management and researchsupport/ technical services. Knowledge of research operations and excellentcommunication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable. If you are interested in this position, please send your CV (簡歷) to AlexLondon
49、Research Laboratory, University College London, HatfieldLondon，W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRLalex.co.uk. For more information, please visit www.alex.co.uk. 52. What is the purpose of the text? A. To describe the job of a ROM. B. To provide information about ALRL. C. To announce an open position at ALRL
50、.這是一篇征聘廣告。第一段對這家研究機構(gòu)做了介紹。第二段第一句用“A position is now open.”開門見山地點明了主題。最后兩段對申請人的應(yīng)聘條件和聯(lián)系方式及內(nèi)容做了說明。由此可推斷這篇。文章的目的是讓大家知曉一個空缺的職位：a Research Operations Manager (ROM)，滿足條件的人可應(yīng)聘該職位。 D. To make known the opening of the new laboratories. 4深層推理題 這類題目往往要求考生根據(jù)原文中某一句凝練、含蓄的語言推斷其中暗含的意義。在做這類題目時，我們不能局限于僅僅理解一句話，而是要注意它與整篇
51、的聯(lián)系以及和上下文之間的關(guān)系。 例：(2010全國，C篇) Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and ,has claws (爪) on its wings when young.They build their homesabout 4.6m above the river, an imp
52、ortant feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest re
53、latives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.Using these fourclaws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about inthe bushes, looking very
54、much like primitive birds must havedone. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they losetheir claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living u
55、nits of two to seven birds for producing purposes. 64. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that _. A. they look like young cuckoos B. they have claws on the wings根據(jù)第一段中講到的幼鳥翅膀上長著爪子，第三段講幼鳥用爪子攀爬，但當(dāng)它長大并學(xué)會飛時，爪子就會消失。可知麝雉幼鳥與成鳥不同的是幼鳥翅膀上長有爪子。答案為B項。 C. they eat a lot like a cow D. they live on
56、 river banks 65. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? A. They had claws to help them climb.根據(jù)第三段中講幼鳥能像原始的鳥一樣在樹叢中用爪子和喙攀登?？芍?，原始的鳥使用爪子攀爬。注意must have done是對過去情況的肯定性推測。答案為A項。 B. They could fly long distances. C. They had four wings like hoatzins. D. They had a head with long feathers on
57、 the top. 5.結(jié)論推理題 結(jié)論推理題多出現(xiàn)在說明文或議論文中，作者往往，不直接點明事物的好壞、積極或消極，而是通過介紹或論證讓讀者自己去判斷，得出結(jié)論。這類題目要求考生根據(jù)文章所提供的事實去推斷其結(jié)論或蘊涵的哲理。 例：(2010安徽，E篇) The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the worlds supply of water.With 97% of the worlds water too salty to bedrunk or used in agriculture, the wo
58、rldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage (短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the worlds agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be b
59、uilt to store water for agricultural use in dryareas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution (重新分配) are veryhigh.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also anenvironmental cost to be considered. Where valleys (山谷) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost an
60、d wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countri
61、es with agricultural industries inareas dependent on irrigation (灌溉)In Texas, farmers overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much
62、of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease，and it is believed that fifty years of p
63、umping will see them run dry. 74. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Steps to improving water use management.通讀全文可知文章開篇點題，講述了全球水資源緊缺，需要采取完善的管理措施，緊接著第二段和第三段講述了因管理不當(dāng)而造成或可能造成的嚴(yán)重后果，最后一段講沙漠地區(qū)在發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)時由缺少水源造成的困境。由此可推斷文章接下來會講述如何改善水資源管理，故選A項。 B. Ways to reduce the costs of bu
64、ilding dams. C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. (三)詞義猜測題 詞義猜測型試題主要考查考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和所學(xué)知識推測詞義的能力，也可能是推測單詞、詞組，也可能是生詞或熟悉詞(匯)的新義，或是一些詞組的引申意義甚至整個句子。句意題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、文章主旨、作者的觀點態(tài)度等，因此，要求考生結(jié)合主旨、整合上下文信息作出猜測。命題者著重考查學(xué)生利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇文脈結(jié)構(gòu)等理解生詞的
65、能力，有些題目需要在較大的上下文范圍和整個語篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上才能作出推斷，難度較高。 詞義猜測題常見的命題形式有： 1What does the underlined word mean“.” in the passage? 2The word “.” refers to/ probably means _. 3The underlined word “.” in Paragraph. means _. 4What do you think the expression “_” stands for? 5“_” as used in the passage can best be defined
66、 as _. 6Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？ 7The underlined word “.” is closest in meaning to _. 8The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by _. 1根據(jù)定義、解釋和復(fù)述猜測詞義 猜測生詞的方法很多，其中一條是根據(jù)定義或解釋來猜測其意義。這種情況下，生詞往往出現(xiàn)在前面，定義或解釋往往跟在生詞的后面，由or或破折號引出。因此只要大家找準(zhǔn)并正確理解生詞的釋義，生詞的意義也就清楚了。復(fù)述也是一種解釋方法，即換用不同的詞語重新表達(dá)同一內(nèi)容。復(fù)述部分可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從句或者句子。 在做這類題時，要注意復(fù)述與被復(fù)述部分往往構(gòu)成同位語關(guān)系，在句中多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號()、冒號(：)或者分號(；)來連接。有時它們中間還常常插入一個起解釋作用的標(biāo)志語如or, or rather, that is to say, that is, ie., namely, say, in ot
高三英語二輪 三輪總復(fù)習(xí)重點突破 專題三 閱讀理解 試題分析與技巧點撥課件
