開元煤礦1.5Mta新井設(shè)計含5張CAD圖-采礦工程.zip

開元煤礦1.5Mta新井設(shè)計含5張CAD圖-采礦工程.zip,開元,煤礦,1.5,Mta,設(shè)計,CAD,采礦工程 英文原文Research and development on cutting scale machine in the coalmine shaftREN Bao-caiAbstract:The deposit scale in the coal mine shaft usually causes serious accidents, such as making rope broken, cage seized or dropped. To solve this kind of problems, the research of the cutting scale mechanism was made, and a new type of removal scale equipment was made with using imported hard alloy material. The cutting experiment and actual cutting show that it can adapt to abominable condition in the shaft, such as narrow space, wet and excessive shaft crevice water and so on, and can work safely and reliably, and has high cutting scale efficiency. It can also cut out the deposit scale in the circular section of shaft.Key words:deposit scale in shaft wall, cutting scale, cutting mechanism, cutting scale machine.In the service shaft of Tongye Coal Mine of Anyang Mining Bureau, the shaft crevice water is excessive, and in water there is a large of lime stone deposit, which leads to large scale on the shaft wall through long time, which is 300 mm in thickness. The initial design diameter of the shaft is D=3.2 m,the clearance between the cage and the shaft wall is 200mm, but now the projecting part of cage has been embedded in the scale about 100 mm, which is shown in Fig.1. Once in a winter, the shaft crevice water frozen and seized the elevating cage, this made the winding rope broken suddenly, and led the cage to drop into the bottom of shaft, which caused large economic losses. The scale in the shaft wall is always one of the hard problems puzzling this coal mine. The study about the scale is more than 100 years, and great progress have been made 14,which is presented mainly in two different aspects.The first is to control and slow the scale to form,and study the principle how the scale is formed and the dynamic model that the scale is separated out and sunk58 and so on. Using chemical method,clear out the scale by pretreatment and intenerate to water, such as adding antifouling composition and so on. The second is to clear out the scale existing on the shaft wall, mostly using chemical, physical9,10, abrasive jets methods and so on. But these methods have not been found to be used in the aspect of cutting scale on the wall of the shaft11. The author puts forward a new scale removal method based on the cutting experiment of the scale sample,and has developed a cutting scale machine type SGQ-1. The parting tools are made of an imported hard alloy material, and the door frame operating mechanism is designed to adjust the tilt angle of the table, all of them can improve the adaptation of cutting the scale on the circular section of shaft wall.Fig.1 The scale in the shaft wall1. Analysis of the condition of cutting the scaleThe water resource of the formed scale on the shaft wall is ground water, which flows into the shaft through the cracks on the shaft wall, by the long-term more than 30 years accumulation, the thickness of scale on the shaft wall is above 300 mm. This shaft is more than 180 m deep, which has bunton beams every 3 m. Only on the shaft wall which is about 40 m in depth from the ground surface, here are no shaft crevice water and scale, but on the lower part of the shaft wall, button beams, cables, water pipes, wind pipes and so on, there are serious scale. The outer diameter of the cable laying down the shaft 30 years ago is 70 mm, but now has increased to about 120 mm, which is shown in Fig.2.The results of the assay and analysis of the scale on the shaft wall 12 are shown in Table 1.Fig.2 The scale on cableComparison of the scale on cable; (b) Annual ring type scaleTable 1 Chemical composition of scaleTable 1 shows that the shaft scale is mostly made of limestone, silica sand and cementations adhesion and so on. The reason is that the limestone dissolved in the shaft crevice water has gradually formed milky lap descent sediment by long-term accumulation. And the sand with coal and dirt blown into the shaft from ground have attached on the shaft wall together. As a result, these materials have interacted each other to form the scale.The section of the scale that shows annual ring type texture can prove this point. Hardness value of the scale is equivalent to the rocks hardness value f 5, and it has high wear-resistant and its one-way tensile strength is more than 24.8 Map. When we cut the scale, we cannot affect the normal lift and production of the coal mine. Above all, the scale in this shaft is very serious, the difficulty of cutting the scale and the large amount of work, are really infrequent in our country.2 The development about cutting scale Machine 2.1 Machine structure of cutting scale machineTo different basal body of scale and situation, there are different scale removal methods, which directly affect the decision of the machine structure and type. If chemical clearing methods are used, because there is a lot of shaft crevice water, it will lead to affect production and high cost and so on. If the high-pressure pure water jet is used, the pressure should be more than 60 MPa, it is difficult to bend hose in this so high pressure in the narrow shaft, and the high-pressure water is easy to rebound to hurt the operator. Although abrasive jets can low the pressure, it is difficult to supply and recovery the grind in the shaft. If we adopt manual method to cut the scale in the shaft, every team needs four people, who clear out 15 d every day, the cleared areas are about only 2 m2, which is a low efficiency, large work strength and bad security.Through the analysis, comparison and demonstration of many aspects, finally, we selected the method of using imported hard alloy tools to the cut scale, and developed the cutting scale machine. The structure principle of the cutting scale machine is shown in Fig.3. Its main technical parameters are as follows: the lengthwise travel rate of table is 0.33 m/min, crosswise feed rate is 0.10.3 m/min, the tilt angle is 090; cutter head rotational speed is 2 850 r/min, the diameter is 350450 mm; the kerfs breadth is 36 mm; the power is 5.5 kW; voltage is 380 V; the weight of the machine is 500 kg.Fig .3 The structure principle of the cutting scale machine1- Basement; 2- Framework; 3- Lengthwise travel mechanism; 4-Cross wise feed mechanism; 5 -Cutting table; 6- Electric motor; 7-Cutter head 2.2 Action processWe selected the service shaft of Tongye Coal Mine to experiment, the cutting scale machine which is fixed on the flat-platform body was loaded into a cage (It may also be fixed on the cage by using special basement to work), and fixed on the rail of the bottom of the cage with snap gauge.During the lift spare time, put the cage down to the position where the scale should be cut in the shaft, and then stop. Every time, two worker are needed in the cage, there into, one operates the machine, another answers for safety and warship, they can exchange their work every one hour.First, we use snap gauge device to fix the cage, and then randomly select a cutting scale position of the working table in the range from zero degree to ninety degree, after it is fixed, we may start it. We operate length feed and crosswise feed device to control amount of feeds. The machine achieves double coordinates linkage, which dont occur interference in the active state. After doing one cut from up to down, we may adjust the cutting space between 50 mm and 120 mm, and then repeat above the cutting process circularly. When the space between the two cuts is less than 100 mm, scale will breakout automatically after being cut by high-speed cutter head. We adequately use shaft crevice water to cool the electric motors and cutting tools. The cutting reaction force of the machine that acts on the shaft wall by the base frame, flat wagon, cage, guide and guide beam, makes the machine gain balance in force, and assure the machine run steady and safely.3 Analysis about the cutting principle 3.1 Analysis about the cutting principle of toolsTo the difficult-to-cut scale with high hardness, strength and abrasiveness, whether it can be cut is very important to the selection of cutter. Comparing several cutting experiments with several different cutters in lab shows that the cutter made of the imported hard alloy has high efficiency.In the process of cutting scale, the hard alloy cutter, besides the linear feed movement of the common cutter, it also rotates round its self-axis. The action of cutting scale is mainly considered as extrusion, crush, sliding friction and so on10,13,14.The direction and speed of feed, the speed and depth of cut, the condition of cool and so on, will bring different effects to the cut efficiency and the life of the cutter. In order to simplify the problem, we randomly take a piece of cutter to analyze. The cutting scale machine use the cutting edge of the high-speed rotating flat hard alloy tools to crush the scale, generally, which also has the wedge function.Generally this crush belongs to the brittle crush. The kerf of the cutter emailed on the scale mainly occurs during the deformation step that the cutter cuts the scale.From fracture mechanics 15, it is known that the stress condition in the distance r from crack tip may be expressed as follows:where is the distance form the crack tip to an arbitrary point; q is the angle between the line connected the crack tip to the point and horizontal line; K1 is the fraction stress intensity factor type I.The above formulas explain the cutting and crush function that the cutter cuts the scale, that is to say, when the tool nose of the cutter just touches the scale, the cutter travels forward and generates the squeezing action to the make scale generate elastic deformation and stress. The necessary condition of crack to develop in the point (r,0) is that the stress of this point must be equal to or exceed the critical stress of scale sc, namely, sc=sy1. In the formulas, sy1 is the stress that the mechanical cutter must apply to the scale. While the cutter goes forward constantly, the cut resistance also increases constantly, when the deformation of the scale reaches the boundary value, the shearing stress makes the scale generate cracks, which expand, impenetrate, and intersect unsteadily, finally, lead the scale to generate brittle fracture, and the scale starts to break and fall down, at the same time, the cut resistance decreases rapidly. It is shown in Fig.4.Fig.4 The principle of cutting scale1- Cutter head - 2Cutter 3- Scale 4- Shaft wall 5- Crack3.2 Analysis about critical cutting speed and abrasive coefficientWhen the high-speed rotational cutter head cuts the scale, besides having squeezing function, there is the function of sliding friction. We may clearly see every piece of scratch with orders in direction from the scale kerfs or cutting section Fig.5.Through zooming in the cutting section further, we find many newborn cracks, the reason is that the shearing stress which the cutting surface suffers under the frictional force increases continually, when it exceeds the frictional stress value of scale, generate dislocation motion, and finally lead to icrocrack, but it has relation to the critical cutting speed and abrasive coefficient. Cutting speed is a discriminant parameter of the cutter life, together with abrasive coefficient, are the factor that leads the cutter temperature to rise. To hard alloy, because of it exists the critical temperature, when the temperature exceeds this temperature, it will soften. The abrasives phenomena caused by abrasiveness mineral substance becomes more serious, that is to say, there is also the critical cutting speed of the scale, when the cutting speed exceeds it, the wear of the cutter will increase obviously 14,16,17. So a good cooling condition is an important factor to decrease the wear of hard alloy and increase the life. The abrasive coefficient has relation to the abrasiveness mineral substance content, the grind size and the strength of settling matter. The experimental results are shown in Fig.6, from it, we may get empirical formula as follows:Fig.5 The shape of the scale chipFig.6 The relation of the cutting speed with abrasive Coefficientwhere, vl is the critical cutting speed; K is a constant that has relation with the cutter shape and the critical temperature of hard alloy; u is the abrasive coefficient; e is the napierian base, thus it can be seen that the critical cutting speed changes along the logarithmic curve.Generally, we should avoid making the cutting scale machine to run in the condition that exceeds the critical cutting speed, or it will increase the wear of the cutter and decrease the life, and so much as makes the cutter fracture.4 ConclusionsThe cutting scale experiment in the service shaft of Tongye Coal Mine shows that this machine not only can adapt to the situation of narrow, wet and excessive shaft crevice water, but also can use excessive shaft crevice water in the shaft to cool the cutter and the electric motor.(1) The efficiency made by using high efficient hard alloy parting tools to cut scale is at least ten times than the manual method.(2) The door frame operating mechanism can clearly cut the scale in the circular section of the shaft wall. When the machine doesnt run, it can be drawn back to the cage, which doesnt affect to lift normally.(3) The immersible motor and blast protection control panel can realize many protection, such as leakage, short, overpower, loss of phase, no-voltage and electromechaincal lockout, which can make the worker and the machine work safely and reliably in the shaft.(4) After the scale is cleared, the elevating condition has great improvement, which can avoid broking rope and seizing cage, assure to produce safely, and has good social and economical benefits. Furthermore, this machine may be put in the water to cut and process the granite and the marble, which are little dust, no noise and brings benefits for the environmental protection.中文譯文在煤礦井筒中關(guān)于水垢切割機的開發(fā)和研究任保才摘要：水垢的積累在煤礦井中通常會造成嚴(yán)重的事故,如鋼絲繩崩斷, 罐籠卡住或下滑. 為了解決這種問題,研究水垢的形成機制時,提出了一種新型搬運設(shè)備,是用進口的硬合金材料制作. 切削試驗和實際切削表明,它能夠適應(yīng)惡劣的情況,在豎井, 如空間狹窄,潮濕,過度軸裂隙水等條件下,能工作,且安全可靠,使用方便， 并具有較高的切削效益. 它也可以除去存在圓截面井筒中的沉積物. 關(guān)鍵詞：礦床礦井沉淀物,去除水垢,切割機, 水垢切割機 在安陽礦務(wù)局同業(yè)煤礦副井中,井筒裂隙涌水過大, 并在水中有大量的石灰石礦井壁通過長時間形成大量水垢, 有300毫米厚度. 最初的設(shè)計的直徑軸為D = 3.2米,罐籠距井壁的是200毫米, 但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測部分罐籠已嵌入的水垢約為100毫米, 這體現(xiàn)在永久性上. 在一次冬天,井筒縫隙涌水凍結(jié)和扣押在升降籠中, 這使得鋼絲繩突然破裂,并導(dǎo)致了罐籠掉進井底，造成較大經(jīng)濟損失. 水垢在井壁始終是一個很大的問題,尤其是煤礦. 這項研究的時間已超過100年，已經(jīng)取得巨大進展,這主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面,是控制和減緩水垢的形式,并研究如何水垢的形成機理已形成,動態(tài)模型的規(guī)模是分離出來，并讓其沉淀等. 采用化學(xué)方法,清除水垢的預(yù)處理和軟化水質(zhì),例如加入防污組成等。二是明確了現(xiàn)在有水垢的井壁,大多采用化學(xué)方法,物理方法磨料射流方法等. 但是,這些方法并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有使用方面的水垢在墻上。筆者提出了一種新的除垢方法，即基于切削試驗的樣本水垢,并制定了切削機床模型SGQ-1。分離工具,是一種進口的硬質(zhì)合金材料制成, 特殊的運行機制,是旨在調(diào)整傾斜角度，他們都可以提高適應(yīng)切削圓形段井壁水垢的能力。圖1 井壁上的水垢1分析去除水垢的條件形成井壁水垢的水源是地下水，其中流向井筒的通過井壁裂縫, 由于長期的超過30年的積累, 厚度尺寸大于300毫米. 這個井是180多米深的,而罐道梁3米. 只有在井筒中約40米深的地表, 這里沒有井裂隙水和水垢,但下部井壁,罐道梁, 電纜,水管,風(fēng)管等,有嚴(yán)重的水垢. 外徑電纜等, 30年前是70毫米, 但現(xiàn)在已增加至約120毫米, 這體現(xiàn)圖2。對井壁水垢的檢測與分析的結(jié)果見表1。圖2 繩纜上的水垢表1 水垢的化學(xué)成分表1表明,豎井水垢主要由石灰石,石英砂等等和水泥粘附形成. 其原因是,石灰石溶解于軸縫隙水已逐漸形成乳狀，與水泥沙長期積累而成. 而從地面砂石、煤與污垢對井壁高度在一起. 由于這些材料相互作用,互相配合,得以形成水垢.年輪紋理的水垢斷面就可以證明這一點. 水垢的硬度值等同于巖石的硬度值f 5, 它具有高耐磨性,其單向抗拉強度大于248兆帕. 當(dāng)我們削減水垢時,我們不能影響煤礦的正常生產(chǎn). 首先,水垢在井筒的情況十分嚴(yán)重,消減水垢的困難及其工作量實在是少見. 2水垢切割機的發(fā)展 2.1水垢切削機床的機械結(jié)構(gòu)不同的水垢和狀況,有不同的除垢方法，將直接影響到機械結(jié)構(gòu)和類型的決策. 如果用化學(xué)清洗方法,因為有很多豎井裂隙水, 這將導(dǎo)致影響生產(chǎn)和成本高昂等問題. 如果用高壓水射流器，壓力應(yīng)超過60 MPa時, 很難彎曲軟管,而且如此高的壓力,在狹窄的豎井中,高壓水很容易反彈傷害算. 雖然磨料射流可以在較低的壓力下工作,但很難供應(yīng)和回收磨軸. 如果采用手工方法來削減豎井的水垢,每隊必須有4人, 誰清理15 天,每天清理的范圍大約只有2平方米. 這是一個低效率,大強度的工作，而且安全性很差. 通過分析,比較和論證多方面的,最后, 我們選擇的方法是,用進口硬質(zhì)合金工具來切削水垢, 并開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的切割機. 切削機床結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理如圖3. 其主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下: 縱向出游率表為0.3 3米/分鐘,橫向進給速度為0.1 0.3米/分鐘,傾斜角為090 ; 刀頭轉(zhuǎn)速是2850轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘,直徑為350450毫米; 切割寬度為36毫米; 該功率為550千瓦; 電壓為380伏;機器的重量是500公斤.圖3 水垢切割機的結(jié)構(gòu)原理1地下室; 2框架; 3側(cè)切進給機制; 4橫向進給機制; 5切割表; 6電動馬達; 7刀頭2.2 動作過程我們挑選同業(yè)煤礦副井實驗，水垢切割機是固定在扁平平臺,機體被裝入一個籠子(也可固定在籠子里在特殊的地下室來工作) , 并固定在鋼軌底部的罐籠上.在電梯空余時間, 把罐籠傳到了在豎井應(yīng)該削減水垢位置上,然后停止. 每一次,兩名工人需要在籠子里,其中,一個操縱機器, 另一個負(fù)責(zé)安全和看管,他們可以每隔一小時進互換工作 , 我們用卡規(guī)裝置固定在籠中, 然后隨機選擇一個水垢狀況的工作表的范圍,從攝氏零度至90度,等它穩(wěn)定后,我們可以開始工作. 機器實現(xiàn)雙坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動,不發(fā)生干擾,在積極狀態(tài)下. 經(jīng)過這樣一減,從最多下跌我們可以調(diào)整切割間隙50毫米和120毫米, 然后重復(fù)上述切割過程. 當(dāng)二者之間的空間被高速刀頭削減小于100毫米水垢后,就會自動停止. 我們充分利用礦井裂隙水冷卻電機和刀具. 由于底座,平車, 罐籠,指導(dǎo)和引導(dǎo)束在井壁上產(chǎn)生的對切割機的反作用力，使機器得到平衡力量, 并保證機器運行穩(wěn)定,安全. 3 淺析切削原理 3.1 分析切削工具的原理對于具有高硬度,強度和耐磨難消除的水垢, 是否可以削減是非常重要的是選擇刀具材料. 幾種切削試驗與幾種不同刀具的實驗顯示了刀具的進口硬質(zhì)合金具有很高的效率. 在這個消除水垢過程中,硬質(zhì)合金刀具,除了直線進給運動的通用刀具, 它還旋轉(zhuǎn)輪自身軸線. 消除水垢主要是考慮擠出,粉碎, 滑動摩擦等 ，進給的方向和速度，消減的速度和深度，低溫等等，給消減效率和切削刀的工作將帶來不同的作用。為了簡化問題,我們采取隨機一塊切割分析. 切削機床運用尖端的高速旋轉(zhuǎn)平板硬質(zhì)合金工具粉碎水垢, 一般來說,其中還有嵌入功能. 一般這個粉碎屬于脆性粉碎.刀具的截口停留在刀切割水垢變形那步. 從斷裂力學(xué)15分析, 可以知道距離r可的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，可表述如下:上述公式解釋切割和粉碎功能,刀具切入的規(guī)模,也就是說, 當(dāng)?shù)兜牡都鈩傆|及水垢刀具前進并產(chǎn)生擠壓進行水垢切削,使產(chǎn)生彈性變形和應(yīng)力. 必要條件的裂紋出現(xiàn)在點 ( r , 0 ) ,就是強調(diào)這一點,必須等于或超過臨界應(yīng)力sc,即sc=sy1. 在公式中, sy1是強調(diào)機械刀具必須適用于水垢. 雖然刀具不斷前進,減低阻力也不斷增加, 當(dāng)變形的水垢達到界限值時,剪應(yīng)力使水垢產(chǎn)生裂痕, 其中擴大,連通,并相交不穩(wěn),最后導(dǎo)致水垢產(chǎn)生脆性斷裂,并打破和跌倒,在同一時間,減低阻力迅速減小.如圖4 圖4 切削水垢原理圖1刀頭2刀3水垢4井壁5裂縫3.2分析臨界切削速度和耐磨系數(shù) 當(dāng)高速旋轉(zhuǎn)刀頭削減水垢,除了具有壓縮功能,還有滑動摩擦的功能. 我們可以清楚地看到,每一塊規(guī)律方向,從規(guī)?？p或切割斷面圖5 通過縮放,在切割前一段,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有許多新生裂痕, 原因是,當(dāng)時的剪應(yīng)力的切削表面下存在的摩擦力不斷擴大, 當(dāng)它超出了水垢的摩擦應(yīng)力值,就會產(chǎn)生錯運動,并最終導(dǎo)致鼓起 , 但是,它與臨界切削速度和耐磨系數(shù)有關(guān). 切割速度是一個判別刀具壽命的參數(shù),連同磨料系數(shù) 是導(dǎo)致刀具溫度上升的因素. 對于硬合金,因為它存在臨界溫度,當(dāng)溫度超過這個溫度,它會軟化. 上面這個磨具的現(xiàn)象,造成了耐磨性礦物質(zhì)變得更為困難,也就是說, 還有一個水垢的臨界切削速度,當(dāng)切削速度超過它,刀具的磨損將明顯增加。所以作為一個好的冷卻條件是一個重要因素,以減少硬合金的磨損和增加壽命. 磨料系數(shù)與耐磨性礦物質(zhì)含量，磨碎尺寸和沉積物的強度有關(guān). 實驗結(jié)果如圖6,由它,我們可能得到的經(jīng)驗公式如下: 圖5水垢碎片的形狀圖6 切割速度與磨料系數(shù)的關(guān)系這里vl是臨界切削速度; K是一個常數(shù),與刀具形狀和硬合金臨界溫度的有關(guān); U是磨料系數(shù); e是基數(shù) ，因此可以看出,臨界切削速度變化沿對數(shù)曲線. 一般來說, 我們應(yīng)避免切削機工作市超過臨界切削速度, 否則將會增加刀具磨損,減少其壽命, 而且會使刀具斷裂.4 結(jié)論 在同業(yè)礦副井的切削水垢實驗表明,這種機器不僅可以適應(yīng)目前狹窄,潮濕,縫隙大量涌水的狀況, , 而且還可以使用過量井壁縫隙涌水軸冷卻刀具和電動馬達.( 1 )用高效率的硬合金工具別離削減水垢的效率至少是人工方法的十倍.( 2 )其運行構(gòu)使得可以清楚地削減圓形截面井壁的水垢. 當(dāng)機器不運行時,它可以回到了罐籠里,不影響電梯正常.( 3 )潛水電機,防爆控制面板可以實現(xiàn)多種保護,如泄漏,壓垮, 階段的虧損,無電停車等, 從而使工人和機器的工作更加安全和可靠.( 4 )水溝清理后,提升狀況已大有改善, 這樣既可避免繩索纏繞和卡住罐籠,以保證安全生產(chǎn),并具有良好的社會效益和經(jīng)濟效益. 此外,這種機器可將水用來加工花崗巖和大理石,這樣可以降塵,無噪音而且環(huán)保.