2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解精練（4）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解精練（4） 社會(huì)生活型閱讀理解 專題導(dǎo)讀 社會(huì)生活型閱讀文章在高考中的出現(xiàn)頻率較高。它涉及人們衣、食、住、行等方面的社會(huì)萬(wàn)象、生活經(jīng)歷、飲食與健康、休閑與娛樂(lè)、生態(tài)旅游等內(nèi)容。這類文章同學(xué)們讀起來(lái)感覺(jué)輕松，試題做起來(lái)也比較得心應(yīng)手。在高考閱讀理解題中，這類文章屬搭配類材料，所以，它的命題多數(shù)屬于中低等難度的送分題，如事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、計(jì)算題、識(shí)圖題等。此類文章的命題多以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題為主。做題時(shí)，要先從題干中找到關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，然后快速在文章中尋找相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，細(xì)心比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解了細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最終確定最佳答案。 真題典例 【xx廣東卷】ln the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.They don’t get to see this soft side of others.Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual.People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me.At that moment，I decided to do something I had never done in twentyfour years of driving.I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here.I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood.Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic.But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we’re brave when we’re scared. (　　)1.The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ________. A．they offer their help B．they receive others’ help C．they feel others’ kindness D．they show their weakness (　　)2.The author feels sad sometimes because ________. A．he has a soft heart B．he relies much on others C．some people pretend to be kind D．some people fail to see the kindness in others (　　)3.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? A．They speeded up to pass. B．They waited with patience. C．They tried their best to help. D．They put on their flashlights too. (　　)4.In this passage, the author advises us to ________. A．handle problems by ourselves B．a(chǎn)ccept help from others C．a(chǎn)dmit our weakness D．show our bravery (　　)5.Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A．A Wheelchair Experience. B．Weakness and Kindness. C．Weakness and Strength. D．A Driving Experience. 【解析】本文是一篇議論文。在動(dòng)物王國(guó)弱勢(shì)會(huì)被侵略，在人類社會(huì)有時(shí)也是如此。但作者認(rèn)為弱勢(shì)能顯現(xiàn)出人們的善良，并使提供幫助和被幫助的人都感到幸福。作者以自己的經(jīng)歷向人們闡述了弱勢(shì)與善良的關(guān)系。 　　1．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.”可知我的弱勢(shì)顯現(xiàn)出人們的善良，又由“I have discovered that it makes them happy”可知幫助別人能使他們感到幸福。故選A。 　　2．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others.”可知選D。 3．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“When I put on my flashlights...But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.”可知選B。 　　4．C　主旨要義題。作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷向人們闡述了：有時(shí)承認(rèn)自己的弱勢(shì)會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)好處，承認(rèn)弱勢(shì)能改善人們之間的關(guān)系，使自己得到更多的幫助，讓人們看到人性的善良。故選C。 　　5．B　標(biāo)題歸納題。由第一段“my weakness brings out the kindness in people”及文章大意可知。 史地常識(shí)型閱讀理解(二) More than 200 scientists have pleted a twoyear study to identify the most natural and undeveloped areas on Earth.Their findings are reported in a new book called Wilderness：Earth’s Last Wild Places.The book describes 37 wilderness areas around the world.Each has an area greater than 10,000 square kilometers.The study considered only areas where at least 70% of all plants are native. North and South America are home to the largest number of wilderness areas.There are 16 such areas, from southern Argentina to Alaska and northern Canada.Africa has 8 wilderness areas, including the thick forests and the grasslands.Australia and New Guinea (幾內(nèi)亞) share 6 areas.Europe has 3 areas and Asia has 2.The Arabian Desert and Antarctica also are considered wilderness areas. The largest wilderness area is the Boreal Forest (北方森林)．It extends for 16million square kilometers south of the Arctic Circle.The Boreal Forest extends across Alaska, Canada, northern Europe and Russia.The smallest of the 37 wilderness areas is the Sundarbans.It is the world’s largest tidal mangrove forest (紅樹(shù)林)．It covers 10,000 square kilometers of land at the mouth of the Ganges River in India and Bangladesh (孟加拉國(guó))． The study found that wilderness areas cover about 46% of the Earth’s land surface.However, they are home to less than 2.5% of the world’s population.Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.Native people usually live in these areas. Wilderness areas help to influence the world’s weather systems and rainfall.They are also home to many plants and animals.Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection. (　　)1.What does the author think of the wilderness areas around the world in the book? A．Primitive. B．Permanent. C．Precious. D．Perfect. (　　)2.The writer describes the wilderness areas to show that they ________. A．a(chǎn)re worth the public support B．can attract readers’ attention C．need to be stressed as resources D．a(chǎn)re seen on every continent (　　)3.According to the 4th paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that the 37 wilderness areas are ________. A．deserted B．crowded C．uncontrolled D．undeveloped (　　)4.As the result of the effect on nature, the wilderness areas on Earth should be ________. A．thought more of by the governments B．explored as natural habitats very soon C．further made full use of at present D．discovered for their advantages of nature (　　)5.The purpose of writing this text is to tell us ________of the wilderness areas around the world. A．the importance B．the situation C．the development D．the environment 【解析】 本文為說(shuō)明文。介紹荒野之地的基本分布及其意義。 　　1．C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段所介紹的“wilderness areas”的作用(人類居住、動(dòng)植物的家園、影響氣候與降雨)可推斷作者認(rèn)為“wilderness areas”是“珍貴的”，故選C。 　　2．C　邏輯推理題。全文介紹完了荒野之地在世界上的大致分布情況之后，指出它們是動(dòng)植物的家園，也影響氣候與降雨，由此可判斷作者認(rèn)為它們應(yīng)該被作為一種資源去重視，從而得到保護(hù)，故選C。 　　3．D　邏輯推理題。根據(jù)第四段“Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.”可判斷選D。 4．A　邏輯推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection.”可判斷選A。 　　5．B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文重點(diǎn)介紹“wilderness areas”在世界上的主要分布情況及目前的狀況，可判斷選B。 科普知識(shí)（閱讀理解）由 (xx青島高三統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) 改編 Going on a date can be a nightmare for the best of us.But now a pair of ‘social X-Ray’ glasses promises to tell you exactly what the other person is thinking-and when you should stop talking. The glasses have a built-in camera which monitors the other person’s facial expressions and matches them up with 24 known features which convey emotions.It will then tell the individual via an earpiece and lights on the glasses what their date is thinking.In a traffic light-style system,a red light means negative,yellow means they are a bit interested and green means your date is happy.The glasses are under development at present by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab. They say that wearing them during a conversation with another person is like having an ‘extra sense’that they are bored or losing interest. The eyewear was developed for people suffering from autism (孤獨(dú)癥) who have much difficulty interacting with others,but now the team behind it has seen wider applications.It works thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses frame and connected via a wire to a small puter which can be attached to the user’s body.The camera monitors how long and how often 24 ‘feature points’appear on the subject’s face which are then analyzed by software developed by the MIT team. This data is then pared with a bank of expressions and the puter tells the wearer what is going on via the earpiece and the traffic light system. So far the glasses are still a job in progress and have been accurate just 64 percent of the time,a figure which is expected to improve with further tests. 1.The passage mainly tells us that 　　　. A.going on a date can be a nightmare for the best of us B.scientists are showing more and more concern to people suffering from autism C.the glasses will be more and more popular D.the scientists are working on a new type of glasses to help people going on a date 2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?(　　) A.The glasses were initially intended for helping people going on a date. B.The glasses are widely used and have achieved great success. C.The built-in camera in the glasses is of great importance. D.People wearing the glasses are sure to have a good date. 3.The underlined word “interacting” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by 　　　. Amunicating B.reacting C.affecting D.acting 4.Which is right according to Paragraph 2?(　　) A.Red=negative　yellow=neutral　green=positive B.Red=positive　yellow=neutral　green=negative C.Red=neutral　yellow=positive　green=negative D.Red=negative　yellow=positive　green=neutral 5.The passage is probably from 　　　. A.a guide book B.an autobiography book C.a leaflet D.a scientific report 語(yǔ)篇解讀:約會(huì)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)有可能如一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng),但是,現(xiàn)在美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在研發(fā)一種X光眼鏡,它將能夠準(zhǔn)確窺尋對(duì)方的心思,讓你在約會(huì)時(shí)有額外的“感官”,知道該怎樣去做。 答案及剖析:1.D　主旨大意題。由全文可知,美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在研發(fā)一種X光眼鏡,在約會(huì)時(shí)它將能夠準(zhǔn)確窺尋對(duì)方的心思,知道該怎樣交談。選項(xiàng)D全面概括此意。 2.C　推理判斷題。由第四段的It works thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses frame and connected via a wire to a small puter which can be attached to the user’s body可知,該眼鏡工作原理主要在于其內(nèi)置的微型攝像機(jī),因此可推斷其重要性所在。 3.A　詞義猜測(cè)題。由The eyewear was developed for people suffering from autism (孤獨(dú)癥) who have much difficulty interacting with others,可知孤獨(dú)癥患者通常為與他人交流溝通有困難者,結(jié)合句意可知interacting是“溝通、交流”之意,故選A項(xiàng)。 4.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段的...a red light means negative,yellow means they are a bit interested and green means your date is happy可知A正確。 5.D　推理判斷題。本文講述的是美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在研發(fā)一種X光眼鏡,屬科技方面的知識(shí),因此本文應(yīng)出自科技報(bào)告類,故選D項(xiàng)。 【疑難詞匯解讀】 1.application n.申請(qǐng),應(yīng)用 Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom. 學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)了將課堂上學(xué)到的理論付諸實(shí)際應(yīng)用。 2.in progress 進(jìn)行中 The construction of a new teaching building is in progress. 一座新的教學(xué)樓正在建造中。 【長(zhǎng)難句子分析】 它是由嵌入眼鏡架中如米粒大小的攝像機(jī),通過(guò)導(dǎo)線與一臺(tái)依附到使用者身體上的小型電腦連接而工作的。