20T吊鉤橋式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】
20T吊鉤橋式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】,說明書+CAD,20T吊鉤橋式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】,20,吊鉤,橋式起重機(jī),設(shè)計(jì),說明書,仿單,cad
重慶科技學(xué)院??粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 中文摘要摘要 橋式起重機(jī)是一種提高勞動生產(chǎn)率重要物品搬運(yùn)設(shè)備,主要適應(yīng)車間物品搬運(yùn)、設(shè)備的安裝與檢修等用途。我國生產(chǎn)的吊鉤電動雙梁橋式起重機(jī)額定起重范圍為5500t,一般10t以上,起重機(jī)有主、副兩套起升機(jī)構(gòu);300t以上,起重機(jī)還有三套起升機(jī)構(gòu)。電動雙梁起重機(jī)由橋架、小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)、大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)和電氣設(shè)備構(gòu)成。在系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì)中采用傳統(tǒng)布局的典型結(jié)構(gòu),小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)采用集中驅(qū)動。起升機(jī)構(gòu)滑輪組采用雙聯(lián)滑輪組,重物在升降過程中沒有水平移動,起升過程平穩(wěn),且鋼絲繩的安裝和更換容易。相應(yīng)的卷繞裝置采用單層卷筒,有與鋼絲繩接觸面積大,單位壓力低的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在起升機(jī)構(gòu)中還涉及到鋼絲繩、減速器、聯(lián)軸器、電動機(jī)和制動器的選擇等。小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)中涉及小車輪壓計(jì)算、小車車輪、小車軌道、減速器、聯(lián)軸器、電動機(jī)和制動器的選擇計(jì)算等。在起重機(jī)控制方面,起升機(jī)構(gòu)用主令控制器和磁力控制屏來實(shí)現(xiàn)控制,大、小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)用凸輪控制器直接控制。在控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中,主要針對起升機(jī)構(gòu)、大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)、小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電路控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及保護(hù)電路的設(shè)計(jì)。利用低壓電氣元件控制起重機(jī),其使用壽命較長,適合車間惡劣環(huán)境。關(guān)鍵詞:橋式起重機(jī) 起升機(jī)構(gòu) 小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu) 電氣控制系統(tǒng)II重慶科技學(xué)院??粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 英文摘要ABSTRACT Bridge crane is a significant increase labor productivity goods handling equipment, primarily to carry goods workshops, equipment installation and maintenance, and other purposes. Chinas production of electrical hook rated double-beam bridge crane lifting the range of 5 500 t, generally more than 10 t, cranes are the main, two sets of lifting300 t above, there are three sets of cranes lifting bodies. Two-electric beam from the bridge crane, the trolley running, traveling mechanism and electrical equipment constituted. The overall design of the system using the traditional layout of the typical structure and operation of institutions used car driven focus. Pulley group or agency from using double-pulley blocks, heavy objects in the process of lifting the level of no movement, or from the process smooth, and the installation and replacement of wire rope easily. Winding installations in the corresponding single reel, a large area of contact with the rope, the advantages of low pressure units. In lifting bodies also involves rope, reducer, couplings, electrical and brake the choice. Vehicles involved in the operation of institutions pressure on the wheels, car wheels, car track, reducer, couplings, electrical and brake the choice of calculation. In the crane control, or from the institutions with the main controller and magnetic control of the screen to achieve control, big and small car cam controller running institutions with direct control. In the control system design, mainly for lifting bodies, traveling mechanism, the car run institutions circuit design and control system for the protection of the circuit design. Use of low-voltage electrical components control crane, a longer service life for workshop harsh environment. Key words: bridge crane hoisting mechanism car agencies operating electric control system重慶科技學(xué)院??粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 目錄目錄中文摘要 英文摘要 1緒論 11.1橋式起重機(jī)簡介 11.2普通橋式起重機(jī)的主要組成部分 11.2.2大車 11.2.2小車 11.2.3動力裝置和控制系統(tǒng) 11.3普通橋式起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行方式 12設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及參數(shù) 22.1主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 22.2起重機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的級別 23吊鉤組的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 33.1原始參數(shù) 33.2設(shè)計(jì)步驟 34滑輪組的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 85鋼絲繩的選擇 116卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 127鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定 168起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 188.1原始參數(shù) 188.2設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算步驟 189小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 269.1原始參數(shù) 269.2設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算步驟 2610起重機(jī)主梁的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 3610.1橋式起重機(jī)主梁的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算主要涉及內(nèi)容 3611安全裝置的選擇說明 3711.1主要安全裝置的說明 3711.1.1走臺與欄桿 3711.1.2排障板 3711.1.3小車行程限位開關(guān) 3711.1.4起升高度限位開關(guān) 3711.1.5大車行程限位開關(guān) 3711.1.6緩沖器與擋鐵 3711.2小車緩沖器選擇計(jì)算 3811.3大車緩沖器選擇計(jì)算 3912 20噸橋式起重機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 4012.1控制電路設(shè)計(jì)分析 4012.1.1控制對象分析及控制元件的確定 4012.1.2控制系統(tǒng)的基本要求 4012.1.3電動機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)分析 4112.1.4起重機(jī)的供電 4312.2起升機(jī)構(gòu)控制電路的工作原理 4412.2.1起升機(jī)構(gòu)控制電路的特點(diǎn) 4412.2.2起升機(jī)構(gòu)電路的保護(hù)與聯(lián)鎖 4412.2.3起升機(jī)構(gòu)電氣工作控制原理 4512.3小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電路工作原理 4912.3.1小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電路工作特點(diǎn) 4912.3.2小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的電氣控制原理 5012.4大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電路工作原理 5112.4.1大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電路工作特點(diǎn) 5112.4.2大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的電氣控制原理 5212.5保護(hù)電路的工作原理 5312.5.1保護(hù)電路的組成 53結(jié)束語 55參考文獻(xiàn) 56附錄1觸點(diǎn)狀態(tài)表 1.1起升機(jī)構(gòu)主令控制器SA觸點(diǎn)狀態(tài)表1.2小車凸輪控制器SA1觸點(diǎn)狀態(tài)表1.3大車凸輪控制器SA2觸點(diǎn)狀態(tài)表附錄2電氣原理圖 2.1起升機(jī)構(gòu)電氣原理圖2.2小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電氣原理圖2.3大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)電氣原理圖2.4保護(hù)電路電氣原理圖2.5 20t橋式起重機(jī)總電氣原理圖63重慶科技學(xué)院??粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1緒論1 緒論1.1橋式起重機(jī)的簡介 橋式起重機(jī)是生產(chǎn)車間、料場、電站廠房和倉庫中為實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程機(jī)械化和自動化,減輕體力勞動,提高勞動生產(chǎn)率的重要物品搬運(yùn)設(shè)備。它通常用來搬運(yùn)物品,也可用于設(shè)備的安裝與檢修等用途。橋式起重機(jī)安裝在廠房高處兩側(cè)的吊車梁上,整機(jī)可以沿鋪設(shè)在吊車梁上的軌道縱向行駛,而起重小車又可沿小車軌道(鋪設(shè)在起重機(jī)的橋架上)橫向行駛,吊鉤則作升降運(yùn)動。因此,它的工作范圍是其所能行駛地段的長方體空間,正好與一般車間形式相適應(yīng)。1.2普通橋式起重機(jī)的主要組成部分1.2.1大車由橋架和大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)組成。橋架:橋架為起重機(jī)的金屬結(jié)構(gòu),一方面支撐小車,允許小車在它上面橫向行駛;另一方面又是起重機(jī)行走的車體,可沿鋪設(shè)在廠房上面的軌道行駛。在其兩側(cè)的走臺上,安裝有大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)和電器設(shè)備,大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)用來驅(qū)動大車行走,大車上一般還有駕駛室,用來操縱起重機(jī)和安裝各機(jī)構(gòu)的控制設(shè)備。橋架主要由主梁和端梁組成。設(shè)計(jì)時要考慮其強(qiáng)度,剛度和穩(wěn)定性要求,也應(yīng)考慮自重和外形尺寸要小,加工制造簡單,運(yùn)輸,存放和使用維修方便,成本低等因素。1.2.2小車小車由起升機(jī)構(gòu),小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu),小車架和保護(hù)裝置等組成。小車架要承受起升載荷和各機(jī)構(gòu)自重,應(yīng)有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度,同時又要盡量減輕自重,以降低輪壓和橋架受載。小車的電力則由滑線或軟電纜引入。設(shè)計(jì)時要考慮改善零部件的受力情況、減少外形尺寸和自重、安全可靠、工作平穩(wěn)、裝配維修方便等因素。1.2.3動力裝置和控制系統(tǒng)動力裝置是驅(qū)動起重機(jī)運(yùn)動的動力設(shè)備,它在很大程度上決定了起重機(jī)的性能和構(gòu)造特點(diǎn),橋式起重機(jī)的動力裝置一般采用電動機(jī)??刂葡到y(tǒng)包括操縱裝置和安全裝置。各機(jī)構(gòu)的啟動、調(diào)速、改向、制動和停止,都通過操縱控制系統(tǒng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。1.3普通橋式起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行方式 橋式起重機(jī)是一種循環(huán)的、間隙動作的、短程搬運(yùn)機(jī)械。一個工作循環(huán)一般包括上料、運(yùn)送、卸料及回到原位的過程,即取物裝置從取物地點(diǎn)由起升機(jī)構(gòu)把物料提起,由運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)把物料移位,然后物料在指定地點(diǎn)下放,接著進(jìn)行相反動作,使取物裝置回到原處,以便進(jìn)行下一次工作循環(huán)。在兩個工作循環(huán)之間一般有短暫的停歇。起重機(jī)工作時,各機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)常處于起動、制動以及正向、反向等相互交替的運(yùn)動狀態(tài)之中。重慶科技學(xué)院專科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 2 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及技術(shù)參數(shù)2 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及技術(shù)參數(shù)2.1主要技術(shù)參數(shù): 最大起重量: 20噸 粱跨度: 31500mm 起升速度: 18 28m/min 起升高度: 14mm 起重機(jī)運(yùn)行速度: 80 95m/min 起升機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行速度: 40 45m/min2.2起重機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的級別: 起重機(jī)工作級別A6; 其中載荷狀態(tài)為Q2(有時起升額定載荷,一般起升中等載荷);利用等級為T6(總工作循環(huán)次數(shù)N=,不經(jīng)常繁忙使用) 起升機(jī)構(gòu)工作級別M6;其中利用等級為T6,載荷狀況為L2小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)工作級別M4;其中利用等級為T4,載荷狀況L3 大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)工作級別M4;其中利用等級為T4,載荷狀況L2重慶科技學(xué)院??粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 3 吊鉤組的選擇計(jì)算3 吊鉤組的選擇計(jì)算3.1原始參數(shù) 機(jī)構(gòu)工作級別:M6, 采用雙聯(lián)滑輪組,倍率: m=4起升質(zhì)量: = 20 t 起升載荷: 起升速度: 初取3.2設(shè)計(jì)步驟計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果1.吊鉤形式選擇吊鉤采用倍率m=4的雙聯(lián)滑輪組,故采用長形吊鉤組吊鉤用普通的短吊鉤長形吊鉤組 普通短吊鉤2.吊鉤結(jié)構(gòu)及制造方法的確定選用吊鉤斷面為梯形的吊鉤,其受力情況合理.用鍛造方式制造,材料為20鋼,機(jī)加工前熱處理,硬度小于或等于156HBS梯形斷面吊鉤鍛造制造3.吊鉤主要尺寸的確定D=160h=180mmB=140mm4.鉤身強(qiáng)度計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目12和34斷面為危險斷面,通常垂直斷面34取與水平斷面12相同的斷面,而最大拉應(yīng)力約為12斷面的50% ,故只驗(yàn)算12面。計(jì)算內(nèi)容 計(jì)算結(jié)果4.鉤身強(qiáng)度計(jì)算計(jì)算公式: N/ 式中:A斷面面積,A=15840斷面重心坐標(biāo),=65mm斷面形狀系數(shù),=0.096起升動力系數(shù),=1.56對于20鋼,查表得;取安全系數(shù)n=1.3,則許用應(yīng)力為: 鉤身驗(yàn)算通過 5.吊鉤尾部螺紋直徑的確定即=85mm式中: 同上螺紋根部直徑材料許用應(yīng)力查表取梯形圓螺紋:6.確定吊鉤螺母尺寸計(jì)算項(xiàng)目螺母最小工作高度:H=0.8d=72mm根據(jù)實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu),需設(shè)防松螺栓,故取螺母高度為:90mm 螺栓外徑D=(1.72)d=153180mm選取D=160mm上式中d為螺紋公稱直徑,d=90mm計(jì)算內(nèi)容 H=90mmD=160mm計(jì)算結(jié)果7.選擇推力軸承根據(jù)所選吊鉤螺母尺寸,查表初選推力軸承型號:81124 其額定靜載荷=660KN,因軸承在工作時很少轉(zhuǎn)動,只需校驗(yàn)額定靜載荷即可。當(dāng)量靜負(fù)荷:安全系數(shù),取=1.25 校驗(yàn)通過選擇 81124型推力軸承8.吊鉤橫梁的計(jì)算根據(jù)滑輪尺寸,吊鉤組裝置示意圖為吊鉤梁可看作簡支梁,受力圖如下:橫梁中間斷面尺寸如下示: 集中載荷:=L=475mm P1=P2=L=475mm=237.5mmD=106mmB=160mmP=312KN計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容 計(jì)算結(jié)果8.吊鉤橫梁的計(jì)算最大彎矩計(jì)算如下: KNm =18.529KNm中間斷面的彎曲系數(shù):最大彎曲應(yīng)力為: 橫梁材料為45鋼,查表得屈服極限:取安全系數(shù)n=3,則許用強(qiáng)度:由 取h=150mmh=150mm9.吊鉤拉板強(qiáng)度計(jì)算拉板結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸如下圖所示,斷面AA受拉伸應(yīng)力,計(jì)算如下: 其中 為拉板厚度因拉板材料為A3鋼,查表得屈服極限: 取安全系數(shù)n=1.7,則許用拉伸應(yīng)力為:n=1.7計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果9.吊鉤拉板強(qiáng)度計(jì)算因: mm因軸孔要受擠壓應(yīng)力,則有:取安全系數(shù) n=3.5, 則有 由上可得:取 拉板結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下: 14 mmn=3.56.0376mmb=200mmd=120mmh=100mm重慶科技學(xué)院??粕鷺I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 4 滑輪組的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算4 滑輪組的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果1.滑輪結(jié)構(gòu)形式及相關(guān)尺寸的確定采用鑄鋼滑輪,因?yàn)槠鋸?qiáng)度和沖擊韌性好,材料選:2G230450材料2G230450A=63mmB=45mmS=14mmC=37mmR=12mmM=14mm r=3m2.滑輪直徑的確定(1) 普通滑輪直徑的選擇:查表選取D=630mm式中:h與機(jī)構(gòu)工作級別和鋼絲繩結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的系數(shù),查表取h=22.4 d鋼絲繩直徑,d=20mm(2) 平衡輪直徑的選擇:D=630mm3.吊鉤組上滑輪軸的計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目 (1)吊鉤裝置簡圖如下;計(jì)算內(nèi)容L=475mmL1=78mmL2=112mmL3=95mm計(jì)算結(jié)果3.吊鉤組上滑輪軸的計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(2).滑輪軸可簡化為簡支梁,認(rèn)為作用四個集中載荷受力情況圖如下: =78KN =20904彎曲應(yīng)力為:滑輪軸材料為45鋼, 則有: 查手冊選取 d=130mm計(jì)算內(nèi)容材料:45鋼d=130mm計(jì)算結(jié)果4.滑輪軸承的選擇計(jì)算軸承的圓周速度:工作轉(zhuǎn)數(shù):每個滑輪中均采用兩個徑向滾動軸承,根據(jù)滑輪組的選擇,查表選用6226型軸承。查表得,額定靜載荷: 額定動載荷: 所選軸承的驗(yàn)算: ()驗(yàn)算通過式中:壽命系數(shù),取=2負(fù)荷系數(shù),=1.5速度系數(shù),=0.95溫度系數(shù),=1軸承徑向負(fù)荷: =39KN由于, e 因此有當(dāng)量動負(fù)荷:選用6226型軸承=123.2KN 校核通過式中n 為鋼絲繩折減系數(shù),取n=0.85鋼絲繩最小破斷拉力,查手冊選取=220KNd=20mm校核通過n=0.85=220KN重慶科技學(xué)院專科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 6 卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算3.鋼絲繩的標(biāo)記選取鋼絲繩為:直徑20mm,光面鋼絲,結(jié)構(gòu)形式為6西魯式,纖維芯,抗拉強(qiáng)度為1670,右交互捻,最小破斷拉力為220KN,單位長度重量147標(biāo)記:20NAT619S+FC1670ZS220147GB/T89181996標(biāo)記:20NAT1670ZS220147GB/T89181996 6 卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果1.卷筒類型的初步選擇由于起升高度比較高,根據(jù)滑輪倍率和起升速度,采用雙聯(lián)卷筒,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)槽形,用鑄造方式制造,材料為灰鑄鐵 雙聯(lián)卷筒,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)槽,灰鑄鐵鑄造2.卷筒直徑的定(1)直徑確定:D查手冊選用A型卷筒,直徑D=400mm式中: h與機(jī)構(gòu)級別有關(guān)的系數(shù),取h=20 d鋼絲繩的直徑,d=20mm(2)卷筒的槽形的選擇:查手冊,選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)槽形,其尺寸如下:槽底半徑R=11mm,槽距,表面精度為1級,標(biāo)記為:槽形 JB/T9006.11999A型卷筒D=400mmR=11mm表面精度為1級槽形 JB/T9006.119993.雙聯(lián)卷筒長度及壁厚的確定計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(1)卷筒上有螺旋槽部分長 =式中:滑輪組倍率, 卷筒計(jì)算直徑最大起升高度,固定鋼絲繩安全圈數(shù),繩槽槽距,=22mm(2)雙聯(lián)卷筒長度L:取L=2500mm計(jì)算內(nèi)容=22mmL=2500mm計(jì)算結(jié)果3.雙聯(lián)卷筒長度及壁厚的確定式中:卷筒兩端的邊緣長度根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)取=70mm固定鋼絲繩所需長度中間光滑部分長度根據(jù)鋼絲繩允許偏角左右,則有:取物裝置處于上極限時,動滑輪軸線與卷筒軸線的間距,取=1500mm由卷筒出來的兩根鋼絲繩引入懸掛裝置的兩動滑輪的間距: =319mm所選卷筒標(biāo)記為:卷筒A400左 JB/T9006.21999(3)卷筒壁厚確定 對鑄鐵卷筒,按經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式初選:(610)=0.02400+(610) =1418mm取=70mm=66mm取=180mm卷筒A40025001122144左JB/T9006.219994.卷筒強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目因卷筒長度L=2500mm3D=1200mm需計(jì)算壓應(yīng)力和彎曲應(yīng)力。(1)壓應(yīng)力的計(jì)算卷筒最大壓應(yīng)力在筒壁的內(nèi)表面,計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果4.卷筒強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目較核通過上式中:鋼絲繩最大靜拉力 =26288.7N許用壓應(yīng)力抗壓強(qiáng)度,查手冊=750Mpan安全系數(shù),取n=4.25鋼絲繩卷繞節(jié)距,=22mm(2) 彎曲應(yīng)力的計(jì)算受力和彎曲簡圖:因扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力很小,故忽略不計(jì)。式中:彎矩;=26288.7956.5 =25145141.55NW卷筒斷面抗彎模量; =2159690計(jì)算內(nèi)容 校驗(yàn)通過=26288.7N=750Mpan=4.25=22mm=25145141.55 NW=2159690計(jì)算結(jié)果4.卷筒強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算卷筒所受合應(yīng)力: =35.8MpaMpa 校核通過式中:材料的抗拉強(qiáng)度,=320Mpan安全系數(shù);取n=5=35.8Mpa 校核通過=320Mpan=55.卷筒的抗壓穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算驗(yàn)算公式: 式中:n穩(wěn)定系數(shù);取n=1.5P卷筒壁單位面積受的外壓力;受壓失穩(wěn)臨界壓力;(22.6)=(22.6)2532.5=5.97 滿足穩(wěn)定性要求 滿足穩(wěn)定性要求重慶科技學(xué)院專科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 7 鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定計(jì)算7 鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定計(jì)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果1固定方法的選擇采用壓板固定;因其構(gòu)造簡單,裝拆方便,便于觀察和檢查,并安全可靠。其固定形式如下圖示:壓板固定2繩尾固定處拉力計(jì)算計(jì)算式如下:式中:鋼絲繩最大靜拉力鋼絲繩與卷筒的摩擦系數(shù),取安全圈在卷筒上的包角;取e自然對數(shù)的底數(shù); e=2.718e=2.7183螺栓預(yù)緊力計(jì)算因選壓板槽為半圓形,故:P=4756.4N4螺栓強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目= =110MPa校驗(yàn)通過計(jì)算內(nèi)容 ; 滿足要求。(3)減速器的驗(yàn)算 最大徑向力的驗(yàn)算 許用徑向力: 實(shí)際傳動比=724 r/min a=4=420mmV=20m/min 滿足要求=42010.4N計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果2.減速器的選擇 滿足要求鋼絲繩最大靜拉力卷筒重力;起升載荷動載系數(shù),取=1.56減速器輸出軸端的最大允許徑向載荷,取=45600N最大扭矩驗(yàn)算: = 8612.2 =42500 驗(yàn)算通過式中:T鋼絲繩最大靜拉力在卷筒上產(chǎn)生的力矩減速器輸出軸允許的短暫最大扭矩,查手冊:=42500 滿足要求=1.56=8612.2 54.4KW驗(yàn)算通過式中:電機(jī)額定功率; u電動機(jī)臺數(shù);u=1電動機(jī)過載倍數(shù);=3.3H電機(jī)有關(guān)系數(shù);繞線型H=2.1V實(shí)際起升速度 54.4KW驗(yàn)算通過u=1=3.3H=2.1V=19.1m/min計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果3.校驗(yàn)電機(jī)的過載和發(fā)熱機(jī)構(gòu)的效率;取=0.8Q起升機(jī)構(gòu)的總載荷;Q=(2)電機(jī)發(fā)熱校核 =68.385KW =65.26KW校核通過 式中:電機(jī)允許輸出功率,查表取 P=68.385KW 穩(wěn)態(tài)平均功率 =65.26KW=0.8Q=205KN 校核通過=68.385KW=65.26KW4.制動器的選擇制動轉(zhuǎn)矩滿足下式要求: =1.2054根據(jù)=1.2054;查表得選取YW500/121型電力液壓塊式制動器;額定制動轉(zhuǎn)矩=11202240;制動輪直徑:D=500mm; 轉(zhuǎn)動慣量:式中:制動器制動轉(zhuǎn)矩 制動安全系數(shù);取=1.75 1205.4選取YW500/121型電力液壓塊式制動器=11202240D=500mm=1.755.聯(lián)軸器的選擇計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(1)電機(jī)與浮動軸連接處聯(lián)軸器 電機(jī)軸端尺寸:d=95mm(圓錐); L=170mm ; 浮動軸尺寸 :d=95mm計(jì)算內(nèi)容d=95mm(圓錐)L=170mmd=95mm計(jì)算結(jié)果5.聯(lián)軸器的選擇選取聯(lián)軸器應(yīng)滿足下式要求: =5328式中:所傳遞扭矩計(jì)算值 聯(lián)軸器重要程度系數(shù);=1.8角度偏差系數(shù);=1傳動軸最大扭矩;(0.70.8) =聯(lián)軸器許用扭矩根據(jù)以上要求,查手冊,選用LM12型梅花彈性聯(lián)軸器;其m ;轉(zhuǎn)動慣量: ; 選用合理聯(lián)軸器標(biāo)注為:LM12聯(lián)軸器MT12aGB/T 5272 2002(2)減速器與浮動軸的連接處聯(lián)軸器 浮動軸端尺寸:d=95mm減速器輸入軸:d=90mm L=170mm制動輪直徑:D=500 mm根據(jù)以上結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和T=5328m;選取LMZ11I500型帶制動輪的梅花型聯(lián)軸器;許用轉(zhuǎn)矩:=9000m =5328m選用合理T=1.8=12960選用LM12型 選用合理標(biāo)注:LM12聯(lián)軸器MT12a GB/T 5272 2002d=95mmd=90mm L=170mmD=500 mm選取LMZ11I500型帶制動輪的梅花型聯(lián)軸器=9000m 選用合理計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果5.聯(lián)軸器的選擇標(biāo)注為:LMZ11I500聯(lián)軸器MT11b GB/T 52722002LMZ11I500聯(lián)軸器6.起動時間驗(yàn)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(1)起重時間計(jì)算查表 推薦起動時間,=11.5S ; 滿足要求式中:電機(jī)起動轉(zhuǎn)矩;=1.6 電機(jī)靜阻力矩 機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動質(zhì)量換算到電機(jī)軸上的總轉(zhuǎn)動慣量=1.15(7.05+3.715)+=12.749電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動慣量;=7.05制動輪聯(lián)軸器轉(zhuǎn)動慣量;=3.715(2)起重加速度計(jì)算內(nèi)容=1.1S=11.5S 滿足要求=12.749 =7.05=3.715計(jì)算結(jié)果7.制動時間驗(yàn)算計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(1)滿載下降制動時間 = =1.4S 查表取 =11.5S=1.4S =11.5S滿足要求式中:滿載下降電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速;取制動器制動轉(zhuǎn)矩;=1500N滿載下降時制動軸靜轉(zhuǎn)矩; =731.85換算到電機(jī)軸上的機(jī)構(gòu)總轉(zhuǎn)動慣量;=12.734 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動慣量;=7.05制動輪聯(lián)軸器轉(zhuǎn)動慣量;=3.715(2)制動平均減速度計(jì)算內(nèi)容=1.4S=11.5S 滿足要求=1500N=731.85=12.734=7.05=3.715計(jì)算結(jié)果8.起升機(jī)構(gòu)的布局1.電動機(jī)2.聯(lián)軸器3.浮動軸4.帶制動輪聯(lián)軸器5.制動器6.減速器7.卷筒8.卷筒支座重慶科技學(xué)院??粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 9 小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算9 小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 9.1原始參數(shù) 小車運(yùn)行速度:V=4045m/min; 選取V=42m/min 起升載荷:Q=200KN;小車自重: =0.35Q=70KNJC=25% ; CZ=600; G=0.89.2設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算步驟:計(jì)算項(xiàng)目計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算內(nèi)容1.驅(qū)動方案初步確定根據(jù)原始參數(shù),采用集中驅(qū)動,用四輪支撐,車輪選圓柱雙輪緣車輪集中驅(qū)動雙輪緣車輪2.車輪與軌道的選取計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(1)車輪輪壓計(jì)算 小車正常工作時最大輪壓(滿載時): 小車正常工作時最小輪壓(空載時):車輪的疲勞計(jì)算載荷:(2)選車輪與軌道根據(jù);查手冊,選車輪直徑D=350mm;軌道型號:P24 ; 軌道凸頂半徑r=300mm;車輪材料:ZG310570;表面淬硬度為300380HBS;(3)車輪踏面疲勞強(qiáng)度校核 =101180N=101.18KN計(jì)算內(nèi)容車輪直徑D=350mm軌道P24車輪材料:ZG310570計(jì)算結(jié)果2.車輪與軌道的選取 101.18KN 校核通過式中:與材料有關(guān)應(yīng)力常數(shù); 查表=0.132 轉(zhuǎn)速系數(shù);=0.97工作級別系數(shù);=0.9R曲率半徑;R=300mmm軌道頂與車輪曲率半徑之比有關(guān)系數(shù);m=0.468 =2.44KW 校驗(yàn)通過式中:電機(jī)允許輸出容量;=4.629KW 工作循環(huán)中,負(fù)載穩(wěn)態(tài)功率 G穩(wěn)態(tài)平均系數(shù);取G=0.8選用YZR160M16型電動機(jī)=2.44KW 校驗(yàn)通過=4.629KWG=0.85.減速器選擇計(jì)算項(xiàng)目(1)減速器傳動比確定 根據(jù)減速器手冊,選取 =25上式:電機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)速;=921r/min車輪轉(zhuǎn)速;(2)減速器選擇 計(jì)算輸入功率: = =7.7KW式中:Z運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)減速器個數(shù);Z=1因工作級別為M6,則按下式選擇: 計(jì)算內(nèi)容取 =25=921r/min=38.22r/min=7.7KWZ=1=15.4KW計(jì)算結(jié)果5.減速器選擇 式中:K放大系數(shù);取K=2 根據(jù)=25,P=15.4KW,電機(jī)輸入轉(zhuǎn)速=921r/min ;查手冊,選用QJR23625 VI P , L, JB/T8905.11999減速器高速軸許用功率 :傳動比:=25,中心距:K=2=25選用QJR23625 VI C L JB/T8905.119996.聯(lián)軸器的選擇(1)高速軸聯(lián)軸器選擇聯(lián)軸器公式: 式中:n聯(lián)軸器安全系數(shù); 取n=1.35剛性動載系數(shù);取=1.8電機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)矩電機(jī)與浮動軸連接處聯(lián)軸器選擇: 電機(jī)軸端尺寸,d=48mm(錐形); L=110mm 浮動軸尺寸,d=50mm ; 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和 查手冊,選用LM8型梅花彈性聯(lián)軸器,其 ;轉(zhuǎn)動慣量 滿足要求標(biāo)注:LM8聯(lián)軸器GB/T52722002 浮動軸與減速器連接處聯(lián)軸器選擇:浮動軸尺寸:d=50mm減速軸高速軸尺邵陽學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)The reasonable of the bridge type derrick chooses to usePeking rises heavy conveyance machine graduate school Xu leiAbstract : Rationally selecting cranes are essential to efficiently using them. This paper presents the principles and methods for selection of overhead travelling cranes , including the selection of basic parameters , construction types and operating conditionsKey words : Overhead travelling crane Selection Principle MethodAlong with modern industrial and quick develop to extend with the production scale, the material transports the expenses is more and more high in the comparison in the production cost.Therefore how right choose to use the derrick reasonably, to increase rate of production, develop the valid function of the derrick well, satisfy the usage requests, lowering the usage cost, increasing economic performance, insure the movement the safety to all have the very important meaning.1 The choice of the basic parameter The main function in derrick in token in basic parameter characteristic of the derrick with homework ability, is a basic basis that derrick exactitude choose to use.The basic parameter of the bridge type derrick includes to rise weight, rises to go up a Class and work speed with across an etc.1.1 Rise weightAllows to rises once when derrick is normal to work the biggest quantity that mourn call the sum settles to rise weight.Mourn the sum that hook the derrick settles to rise the weight does not include to mourn the hook with move pulley set of self-respect.Grasp the cape to account into with the quantity that electromagnetism sucker wait to take the thing the device the sum settles to rise weight inside.Press standard to rule, the bridge type derrick rises what weight series adopt is a R10 to have the initiative the few department, starting from the 312 ts, pressing 1125 ratios pass to increase to 4,5,613,8,10,1215,16,20,25,32,40,50 t.But the current local bridge type derrick product just is tradition according to the production of many years, win election from the above few row a the part constitutes to rises physically weight series.The most in common use series is 5 ts,10 ts,16 ts,20 ts,32 ts with 50 ts.Usually, be to rise weight over 10 t the hour establishes two rises to rise the organization, then the lord rises to rise the organization with vice- Rises to rise the organization, two rise the ratio of the weight roughly 1 4.The lord rises to rise the organization rises the weight is big, rises to mourn heavy goods in order to; vice- rises to rise the organization rises the weight is small, but speed than quick, rises to hang lighter goods or make to lend support to the sex work in order to, to increase the work efficiency.General at the request of mays meet biggest to rises to mourn the heavy thing to make sure to rise with the derrick weight, consider at the same time the term or craft process that turn carry the work of.The derrick disallows to overload the usage, the so that is rises to mourn the thing to usually take place the situation of the variety, the derrick should consider the certain amount of .Under some circumstances, occasionally needs to mourn to carry excess article, can use two pedestal derricks be in conjunction with the homework.Fix in the craft process, rises to mourn the thing weight basic constant, derrick the circumstance that basic capacity load use next, can cancel the vice- rising rise the organization, toing simplify the construction of the derrick, declining low cost.The big tonnage bridge type derrick of the abroad too and is not all take what vice- rising rise the organization, but choose to pack according to the demand.1.2 Rises to rise the high degreeRises to go up a the distance of lead for ising to points from ground to taking the thing equips the tallest rising rises the position.If take the thing equip to need the whereabouts goes to ground below homework, from ground to take the thing the device the lowest descending put the distance of lead of the position calls the bottom puts the depth.At this time the gross rises to go up a the degree is a ground to rises to go up above a the degree puts the depth it down below with the ground with.Rise the choice that rise press homework request highly but settle.The in general use bridge type risesThe heavy machine will rise to go up generally the degree limits in the 20 ms including.Because over a boundary for then wanting in rises to rise the organization special steel wire in adoption rope involution method or enlarging a size, making rising heavy small car arranging appearing difficulty, and enlarging derrick size.Request to the car homework that pack the derrick, in made sure rose went up first degree, should still consider to go together with to belong to of hanged high degree that had with the vehicle, then guarantee derrick can pack the biggest and high product into the car.The ships that used for the derrick pack to unload and should consider the influence that tidewater rise falls.1.3 Work ClassThe place that bridge type derrick install is similar to the term difference of the usage is very big, rose the exploitation degree of the heavy ability with worked the frequency is each not.Use the derrick reasonably for the sake of the economy, need to choose the fit work Class according to the work term of the derrick.The work Class of the bridge type derrick is divided into the A1 A8 totally 8 classeseseseses, can according to the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the the appearance of carries the the the carries the carries, namely according to the busy degree in usage of the derrick with load down the degree pass calculation is certain.The derrick counts circularly in the period in valid life span total work having certainly.A work circulation of the derrick homework is from prepares to rise to mourn the product start, arriving a whole homework for rises to mourn the product process.The work circulates to amount the exploitation degree of the token derrick.For easy to compute, will work the circulation amount to be divided into 10 exploitations grade within the scope of its possible, seeing the table 1.The load appearance enunciation derrick that carry the importance degree suffers to carry.Carrying the appearance of load has something to do with two factors: A function for is physically rising rising carrying load Qi and sum settling carrying load Qmax it ratio, another is physically rising rising carrying load Qi number of times Ni circulates with work the ratio that amount the N.The name carries the coefficient of load is divided into 4 classeseses, see the table 2, the derrick carries load coefficient KQ can press type calculation:Table 1 the exploitation grade of the derrickMake use of the gradeWorking the circulation amountsUsage circumstanceU01.6 104Dont usually useU13.2 104U26.3 104U31.25 105U42.5 105Usually light free usageU55 105Usually break to use continuouslyU61 106Not usually busy usageU72 106Busy usageU84 106U9 4 106According to KQ that compute the income, the name that can check from the table a carries the coefficient of load .Table 2 derrick names carry the coefficient of load.Carry the appearance of loadThe name carries the load coefficient KQMake use the feeling circumstanceThe Q1 is light01125Seldom rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load ,Rises to hang the light carrying the load generallyQ2 inside0125Sometimes rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,Rises to mourn generally inside etc. Carry the loadThe Q3 is heavy015Usually rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,Rises to hang the more heavy carrying the load generallyQ4 with heavy110It is multifarious to rises to hang the sum settles to carry the loadMade sure the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the load appearance hereafter, can press table 3 the work Class of certain derricks.Table 3 derrick work ClassCarry the loadAppearanceThe name carries the load coefficient KQMake use of the gradeU0U1U2U3U4U5U6U7U8U9The Q1 is light01125A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q2 inside0125A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8The Q3 is heavy015A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q4 with heavy110A2A3A4A5A6A7A8The in common use work in derrick in type in bridge Class also can according to the table 4 choose Table 4 bridge type derrick work Classes choose to use the for instanceDerrick useWork termWork ClassThe electricity stands, the car drives to rise with the manpower machineLight free in usageA1The electricity stands to use the derrickLight free in usageA1 A3Maintain to use the derrickThe usage is little, the usually light burthen usesA1 A3Car and warehouses use the derrickUsually break to use continuouslyA3Car and warehouses use the derrickBusy usageA4 A5The heavy work car uses the derrickHeavy usageA6Goods field、Anticipate field Use the derrickGrasp grap or electromagnetism sucker type, busy usagesA6The metallurgy factory cast, clips the derrick of pincersThe usage is multifarious and load down the usageA7The metallurgy factory takes off tablet, add to anticipate the derrickThe usage is multifarious and heavy to carry the usageA81.4 The work is flat-outThe work speed of the bridge type derrick includes to rise to rise the speed, the small car circulates the speed circulates the speed with big car.The flat-out choice in work is decided by various factors.Have something to do with rising weight first, inside, small rise the derrick of the weight choose to use the high speed to increase rate of production, big rise the derrick of the weight is proper to choose to use the low speed the since low driving the power, the steady that increase to circulate with safety.The work speed still is decided by the work Class to request with the usage, working the Class is high and usually use, request the high derrick in rate of production chooses to use the high speed; the work Class is low and used for the work organization eligibility that adjustment circulate uses the low speed; used for only the equipments install to is in addition to choosing to use the low speed with the derrick that maintain, can also according to demand, adopt double soon( quick, slow soon), tiny soon or adjust soon.The adoption changes the frequence adjust to can be made soon work speed at 1 a regulates arbitrarily.Work the speed return to have something to do with the service space size of the derrick, circulating the road grow, rises to go up a big and proper choose to use the high speed.When the derrick circulates the road shorter, the not proper adoption is super-speed, the in order to prevent dids not start to complete and then start the system moves.But along with modern industrial development, do large quantity turn the derrick that carry the work to adopt gradually the super-speed a derrick for, installing maintaining using large quantity adoption adjusts soon.To the derrick of the some special function, if used for the derrick of the work a fire homework, should have the fleetness descent device; big rises to rise the high derrick in addition to should appropriately increasing rises to rise speed, it is also heavy to carry to adopt the low speed and get empty to carry the adoption high speed, or adopt the measure acquire the higher descent the speed, with increase rate of production.1.5 Across degreeThe level distance of the big car in derrick in type in bridge movement orbit center line calls to across degree.The derrick acrosses a width for being decided by the service space primarily, useding for the derrick in the factory premises across a width for being decided by the building.For making across a degree the parameter series turns, bridge type derrick of in common use across the degree is each to a the class, the concrete number sees the table 5.Rise weight a derrick for below to should each factory premises across a hoist for having the two kinds of acrossing a value, in the factory premises above beam to stay the circumstance of the safe passage up to use the small value down.Such as at there is an on same orbit above of derrick, also there is a derrick for below, the derrick acrosses a rises for by the an above heavy machine chooses ?When same across the inside has two layer derrick, the number inside the watch is applicable to the upper level derrick only, the bottom layer derrick acrosses a value in response to for integral times of the 015 ms.When across the degree not agree with to match the form inside a row number hour belong to the special design derrick generally.Table 5 bridge type derricks across a series The factory premises acrosses degree9121518212427303336The derrick acrosses degreeRise weight3The 50 ts of 7.510.513.516.519.522.525.528.531.571013161922252831Rise weight80-250 161922252831342 The choice of the structure formFit bridge in choice, rise heavy small car, manipulate the way with take the thing equips the etc., can make bridge type derrick under every kind of particular gearing size with the homework method satisfied the usage the request betterly.2.1 BridgeThe bridge is a metals construction loading corpus.The bridge of the bridge type derrick contain single beam bridge with 2 typeses: a beam bridge, from a root or two main beams with locate to across an one for each of both sides carry the beam constitutes.While rising the weight a circumstance for below, work Class lowerly, acrossing aly smallerly, circulating the speed request to be not high, the derrick is not multifarious to use, the general eligibility uses single beam bridge.This kind of single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise the organization, for this reason construction tightly packed, self-respect and light, the price is too lower.Under the other circumstance the eligibility chooses a beam bridge, the stability likes, suffering the dint term like, circulating the function too better.For satisfying the structural request in building in particular factory premises, the form of the bridge can adopt the homologous variety.General circumstance next, main beam with carry the way that beam adopt level conjunction, manufacturing simple, adjust convenience, see figure 1 a.Sometimes the factory premises constructs the construction already certain, for satisfying to rise weight with rises to go up a request, while rising the extremely high circumstance in heavy small car, can adopt the main beam descend the cave form, seeing figure 1 b.Sometimes for the sake of high degree that lower the factory premises hoist beam, alleviate to the best the factory premises construct the construction weight, canning adopt the main beam with carry the beam do not wait the high conjunction method, seeing figure a 1 d.2.2 Rise heavy small carFigure 1 main beam with conjunction method that carry the beamRise heavy small vehicle-use come to realizes the rise and fall that rises mourn the thing with along bridge a work for of movement, its function directly affecting whole pedestal derrick function.On the general adoption in derrick in type in bridge in a beam the place type rises heavy small car, loading the ability is big, circulating steady, but the shape size is big.This kind of rises the heavy small car top arranges the electric motor and decelerate generally the machine, book constitutes of rising and rising organization.For lowering the building the high degree, the alleviation holds with dignity, simplifying the construction, canning adopt the electricity move bottle gourd the conduct and actions rises to rise the organization.The electricity moves whole machine of the bottle gourd bridge type derrick hold with dignity to lighter than the former 30% or so, the more suitable for factory premises construct to the high degree and a circumstance for pressing limit settling, now abroad already large quantity uses.The single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise to circulate the organization with the small car, and hang the lower part in single beam.This kind of construction is more agile, self-respect and lighter.But the bottle gourd descends to place and would affect to rise to go up degree.Sometimes construct the high degree in the factory premises low, but want again to increases to rise to rise possibly the high circumstance descend, the eligibility uses the low building high degree gives or get an electric shock to move the single beam in bottle gourd derrick.This kind of derrick moves the bottle gourd to the electricity to settle the flank in single beam, attaining the increment rises to rise the high purpose.This kind of derrick need to be taken extreme measure, moving to the hang type electricity the bottle gourd need the increment goes together with the heavy toing hold the balance, but also increased to hold with dignity; small car in another adoption side hang type, also can make use of the space effectively, but the small car construction sophisticates, will return to the main beam the affixture a twists the T .2.3 Manipulate the wayAdopting rises weight big, work Class high, circulate flat-out and quick derrick, very much the driver room manipulates the way, toing insure the movement the safety.The driver room usually all fixs in bridge a side of.If the derrick acrosses a very big, under the situation of rises to mourn the homework complicacy, can choose to use the driver room with rise form that heavy small car exercise together.Sometimes return the eligibility use the driver room can is ambulatory along the main beam as ones pleases of form, operate more convenient.Circulate the speed in the derrick slow, the route of travel is short, the work is not busy, and request the driver to hang, take off the circumstance of the hook directly; in the factory premises low and short or the ground equipments is high, cant install the circumstance of the driver room; have the harmful air in the factory premises upper part, cant can adopt under the situation of derrick ascending manipulating the ground manipulate.The ground manipulates the movement speed of the derrick generally not over 45 ms/ min.The ground manipulates the hand electricity door is fixed, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves with the small car, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves a few methods as ones pleases, can choose to use according to the demand.Because the adoption ground manipulates have the electric cable connect with each other, operating must follow behind the derrick exercises, therefore can also adopt the lead-in control from a distance to manipulate the way, including red and outside light or wirelesses control from a distance, making derrick manipulated more vivid convenient.This kind of manipulate the way to have got the extensive adoption abroad.2.4 Taking the thing equipsThe choice takes the thing device fitly, producing to the safety with increases to produce the efficiency have the important meaning.Because the bridge type derrick packs the object category that unload the product numerous, have results to show a piece, spread a grain with the etc. of the liquid, their physics function with several why each of shape is characteristic.Pack to unload the work for the sake of orientation various product, take in common usely the thing equip to mourn the hook, grasp the cape , electromagnetism sucker, ring and tie to have, clip the pincers , vacuum sucker and anticipate the cape , prosperou
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