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編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 液壓兩工位夾緊裝置的分析與計(jì)算
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專(zhuān)業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923050
學(xué)生姓名： 張佳睿
指導(dǎo)教師： 陳偉明（職稱(chēng)：教授 ）
（職稱(chēng)： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目： 液壓兩工位加緊裝置的分析與計(jì)算
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專(zhuān)業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923050
學(xué)生姓名： 張佳睿
指導(dǎo)教師： 陳偉明 （職稱(chēng)：教授 ）
（職稱(chēng)： ）
2013年05月25日
課題來(lái)源
工廠(chǎng)
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，機(jī)電產(chǎn)品日趨精密復(fù)雜。產(chǎn)品的精度要求越來(lái)越高、更新?lián)Q代的周期也越來(lái)越短，從而促進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。用普通的機(jī)床加工精度低，效率低，勞動(dòng)度大，已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足生產(chǎn)要求，從而一種新型的數(shù)字程序控制的機(jī)床應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這種機(jī)床是一種綜合應(yīng)用了計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、精密測(cè)量和機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)等新技術(shù)的機(jī)電一體化的產(chǎn)品。數(shù)控機(jī)床是一種裝有程序控制系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化機(jī)床，它對(duì)加工精度和自動(dòng)化都有嚴(yán)格的要求。數(shù)控車(chē)床上的工位夾緊裝置對(duì)于加工的精度有著直接的關(guān)系，以往的機(jī)床的工位夾緊裝置使用簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械裝置，在加工時(shí)容易產(chǎn)生大的加工誤差。隨著數(shù)控車(chē)床自動(dòng)化程度的提高，使用液壓系統(tǒng)控制這一過(guò)程已經(jīng)大大提高了自動(dòng)化和加工精度。液壓傳動(dòng)在機(jī)械設(shè)備中的應(yīng)用非常廣泛。有的設(shè)備是利用其能傳遞大的動(dòng)力，且結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、體積小、重量輕的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如工程機(jī)械、礦山機(jī)械、冶金機(jī)械等；有的設(shè)備是利用它操縱控制方便，能較容易地實(shí)現(xiàn)較復(fù)雜工作循環(huán)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如各類(lèi)金屬切削機(jī)床、輕工機(jī)械、運(yùn)輸機(jī)械、軍工機(jī)械、各類(lèi)裝載機(jī)等。所以研究液壓系統(tǒng)有很好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和廣闊的前景。我國(guó)進(jìn)入世界貿(mào)易組織之后，對(duì)我國(guó)的機(jī)械行業(yè)是個(gè)機(jī)遇，更是一個(gè)艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。因此作為二十一世紀(jì)的主人，我們更應(yīng)該通過(guò)作大量的設(shè)計(jì)制造和廣泛地使用各種先進(jìn)的機(jī)器，以便能加快我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)速度，加快我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線(xiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
1. 分析 本文根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)對(duì)數(shù)控銑床兩工位夾緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行整體方案設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)其功能和工作原理進(jìn)行動(dòng)力分析和運(yùn)動(dòng)分析，初步確定了系統(tǒng)各回路的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及主要元件。
2. 計(jì)算 按照所給機(jī)構(gòu)性能參數(shù)和液壓性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行元件的選擇計(jì)算。
3. 設(shè)計(jì) 對(duì)兩工位夾緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì)。
4. 作圖 元件設(shè)計(jì)完畢，根據(jù)尺寸進(jìn)行CAXA作圖，尺寸精確，布局合理，作出總圖及原理圖。
5. 驗(yàn)證 對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算和發(fā)熱校核，以滿(mǎn)足該銑床所要達(dá)到的要求。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
20012年11月12日-2013年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。
2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：液壓系統(tǒng)圖的設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：液壓站的設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
能夠順利的設(shè)計(jì)出數(shù)控銑床兩工位夾緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)，并且能夠成功的應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工作當(dāng)中，起到相應(yīng)的作用，提高生產(chǎn)率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,為公司降低生產(chǎn)成本。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
① 設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中要重視設(shè)計(jì)方法和設(shè)計(jì)工具的現(xiàn)代化，積極推廣應(yīng)用價(jià)值工程。
② 通過(guò)閱讀大量的資料，參考一系列液壓傳動(dòng)，設(shè)計(jì)出盡量使液壓傳動(dòng)的可靠性，加工精度，變速范圍，操作宜人性，工作效率及防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)適合實(shí)際使用
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
① 尚需解決的問(wèn)題：液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖的擬定和方案論證、液壓裝置的總體配置等。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Machinery, Machina Mechine derived from the Greek and Latin,
Mechanical gear (figure 1) means "clever design", as a general mechanical concept, can be traced back to the Roman period, main is to distinguish and hand tools. Of modern Chinese language the word "Machine" is organization is (Mechanism) of the English and the floorboard of the Machine (the Machine). Mechanical characteristics are: machinery is a combination of physical components. To determine the relative motion of mechanical parts. So the Machine can convert mechanical energy or accomplish useful mechanical work, is the most basic concept in modern mechanical principle, the modern concept of Chinese machinery more derived from the word "Machine" of the Japanese, Japanese machinery should supplies to do the following definition (that is, in accordance with the following three characteristics is called mechanical Machine) :
1, the machinery is a collection of objects, concentration to the various parts are also difficult to deformation.
2, the object must implement the mutual movement, single, regulations.
3, to exert energy into a useful form, or converted into mechanical work effectively.
Mechanism and machine definition is derived from the mechanical engineering, belongs to the most basic concept of modern mechanical principles, mechanical more modern concepts derived from Chinese of the word "machine" in Japanese.
All have certain sports machine and the floorboard of the system. Such as machine tools, tractors, etc.
Mechanical engineering is related to the theoretical basis of natural science and technology,
Mechanical gear (figure 2) combined with the accumulation of technical experience in the production practice, study and solve in the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all kinds of machinery an applied subject of theoretical and practical problems.
Every development in the field of engineering requirements in mechanical engineering has adapted to the development, need mechanical engineering provides the necessary machinery. Some mechanical invention and improvement, and could lead to new engineering technology and the emergence and development of new industry. Large machinery manufacturing success, for example, led to the establishment of electric power system; The invention of the locomotive led to the rise of railway engineering and railway undertakings; The invention of the internal combustion engines, gas turbines, rocket engines, etc and progress, as well as the successful development of aircraft and spacecraft has led to the rise of aviation and aerospace business; The development of high voltage equipment lead to the success of many new synthetic chemical engineering and so on.
Mechanical engineering is in all respects under the pressure of rising demand for development, at the same time from different disciplines and the advancement of the technology improved and innovative ability.
Machinery is a simple device, it can transfer energy, force from one place to another place.
Mechanical gear (FIG. 3) it can change the shape of the object structures to create new objects. In life, all around us there are thousands of different kinds of machinery in the work for us.
Everyday understanding of mechanical is a mechanical device, which is all kinds of machines and equipment.
From the point of view of mechanical professional: machinery has a very important basic position.
Machinery is a modern society the five factors of production and service (that is, people, money, energy, materials and machinery).
When Marx to industrial society, industrial society, especially in big industrial society, which is machine production machine age.
Whether from life in contact with all kinds of physical devices, such as telephones, electric lights, television, refrigerator, elevator and so on contains the machine, or included in the general machinery, and from the point of production, all kinds of machine tools, automation equipment, aircraft, ships, god five, six, and so on, are short of machinery.
So, machinery is one of the foundations of modern society. If someone say agriculture is the foundation, also understandable, but in modern society, mechanical serve as the basis for the rest of the industry and engineering, it is no exaggeration to think is the big pillar in society.
Any modern industrial and engineering applications require machinery, is the People's Daily life, are increasingly used all kinds of machinery, such as cars, bicycles, watches and clocks, cameras, washing machine, refrigerator, air conditioner, vacuum cleaners, etc.
The first "machine" is defined as the Roman architect vitruvius pollio (Vitruvii) in it
Mechanical gear (figure 4) for building ten book mainly for carrying heavy things work machinery and tools: the difference between "mechanical (machane) and tools (organon) seem to have the following differences between. The machine is most artificial and very big power and effect, such as heavy ballista and grapes press. While the tool is a manipulation of the staff carefully processing, to achieve the purpose of such as were the shape of light range ballista or circular spiral device. Thus, tools and machinery are used in the indispensable thing." The ancient Greek for cylindrical gears. Alexandria, Mr Hiro (Heron of Alexandria) in the 1st century first discussed the basic elements of machinery, mechanical elements considered to be five classes: wheel and shaft, lever, pulley, wedge, spiral. Hiro's discourse reflects the classical mechanical characteristics. BC China has guidelines on the application of complex gear system, the incense burner in the application of the permanent "control level of the bogie and other parts of a cross. "Annotations", said: "the machine, the crossbow tooth; enclosed, the arrow around." Said wen jie zi "explanation of" machine "is" machine, the main mover ", refers to the crossbow.
Mechanical in leipzig, Germany in 1724 and liao poulter (Leopold) is defined as "machines or tools is a kind of artificial device, use it to produce favorable movement; at the same time can't use other ways to save time and power, it can save". British mechanics, Willis (truly illis) in its "agency theory" (The Principle of Mechanism, 1841) give The definition of:
Machinery gear speed reducer "any machine (machine) are made in a variety of different ways of connecting a set of artifacts that make it a component, the component will happen in a certain sport, these artifacts and the initial movement of the components of relative motion relationship depends on the nature of the connections between them." German machinery at le loro (F.R euleaux) in the theory of kinematics (Theoretische Kinematik, Grundzuge einer Theorie
China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, due to the nineteen forties, due to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery industry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred years.
After the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years, our country's mechanical science and technology development speed. To the mechanical product large-scale, precision, automation and discusses the trend of development. In some aspects has reached or exceeded the world advanced level. Generally speaking, currently China mechanical science and technology achievement is huge, developing fast, high level of unprecedented. In this period, China has no end of mechanical science and technology will develop to a higher level. As long as we can adopt the correct policy, with good technology development and innovation, our machinery industry and mechanical technology can revitalize, leading to the development trend of mechanical industry.
Just small ramming machinery:
In the 1960s, China mechanical very small tamp lack, many small venues ramming basically USES artificial ramming.
Early 1960s, changsha construction machinery institute and Beijing architectural engineering institute, etc., the technical innovation achievements in mass on the basis of summing up Chinese characteristic invented the breaststroke ramming machine, 1962 exceeded national science and technology. The breaststroke ramming machine structure is simple, easy to use and maintenance in 1960s, soon became the dominant products to consolidate machinery. According to not complete count breaststroke tamp cumulative yield reached more than 50,000 machine, in the economic development of our country has played an important role. Since 1970's, the breaststroke ramming machine was gradually more advanced performance of vibration shock ram and vibrating plate ram, now replaced by laying machine has rarely breaststroke, basically be eliminated.
In 1964, changsha construction machinery institute HB120 developed movable type, type of Shanghai began laying machine, engineering machine production mainly by tianjin municipal later, annual production engineering machinery dongting about 200. In the 1980s, movable type ramming machine product quality has increased greatly, have exported to southeast Asia and Africa. Since 1990s, internal-combustion type ramming machine production sales, and gradually decreased in only a few small private enterprise production.
In 1977, changsha construction machinery factory buildings and developed in liuzhou HZR250 type and the HZR70 type vibrating plate ram, these two kinds of products in 1979 and 1982 passed by the ministry of construction of the organization. Then yiwu building construction machinery factory, siping, anyang vibrators factory, tianjin municipal engineering machinery dongting and other enterprises have started producing vibrating plate ram. In 1986, changsha construction machinery research and develop a larger HZR450 type of vibrating plate ram. Since 1990s, vibrating plate ram in our country has developed very quickly, varieties of products, specifications and increase production enterprises, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese market.
In 1983, changsha construction machinery institute and the joint development of hubei vibration in the first HZR70 type vibration shock ramming, 1984, passed by the ministry of construction, organization construction technology progress in 1985 won prizes. Due to the vibration impact compaction result has good ramming, productivity, high volume and weight of small, lightweight flexible outstanding characteristics, deeply user etc, obtained a rapid promotion, and soon ZiJiang development to the factory, xinxiang municipal engineering machine tool plant and tianjin dozens of dongting production factory etc. Vibration shock ramming although than vibrating plate ram, but later development speed of development, production and use of extensive than vibrating plate ram, has become the largest in China in the ramming machinery products. Since 1990s, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese market.
Vibration shock ramming and vibrating plate ram the successful development in our country, not only for our construction department provides advanced performance of mechanical, laying have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit, and make our ramming mechanical technology into a big step forward, shorten the gap with the advanced world level, promoting the development of compaction machine.
The mechanical processing:
According to the archaeological discovery, hot-working casting in Beijing pinggu, changping and so have proved that the 16th century BC shang dynasty (bronze objects. Ming yongle (1403-1424 years), Beijing produce world-renowned Ming yongle great 3-ton bell made (46.5 tons) and tower (63 tons of great 3-ton bell made of iron clock (25) and the furnace of melting, pit TaoFan model and method of casting. In the 1950s, Beijing based on clay sand castings in manual. In 1955, Beijing first machine tool plant began using leakage mould modelling, double-sided model and iron plate type plate and standard sand box modelling. In 1965, start using plastic model. In 1980, the institute and Beijing municipal electrical factory has successfully developed line frequency coreless bathroom plug stem bottom note type electric insulation casting. In 1982, hospital and Beijing the casting machine research cupola tuyere oxygen blowing technology. 1985-1988, Beijing institute of machine of floating end face seal ring by die successful test pressure casting process.
In 1959, Beijing second metalforming machinery general factory changed (Beijing) built 2500 ton heavy-duty hydraulic press. In 1971, the factory produced 6,000 tons, which is then Beijing hydrtesting biggest metalforming equipment. 1968-1979, Beijing hoisting machine factory has 300 tons of using hydraulic press 2000 tons and create crane and large panel. In the 1980s, Beijing institute of electrical and developed a series of Beijing mould centre high-precision cutting die, the multistage close to or to import mould level, changed Beijing precision punching moulds dependence on imports.
Before 1949, Beijing has heat treatment furnace, salt dissolved by thermocouples means furnace, quenching and tempering, parts of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, carburizing and etc. In 1956, Beijing first began using high-frequency quenching machine tool plant. In 1961, the Beijing second machine tool plant began using gas nitriding quenching. In 1969, the following enterprise by Beijing gage start light quenching. In 1978, the complete machine tool research institute of Beijing guide surface contact quenching process and equipment, quenching condition of quality inspection. In 1979, scientific research institute of China academy of railway and mechanical institute of high-power diesel engine cylinder collaboration of surface modification of laser. In 1979, Beijing institute of electrical carbon dioxide laser is developed, and the kilowatt in early 1980s respectively applied in cylinder and stamp printing equipments of laser treatment. Among them, tsinghua university, Beijing, Beijing institute of electrical YouPiaoChang jointly completed YouPiaoChang seven color machine DaKongQi laser surface strengthening research. From 1984 to 1990, Beijing institute of vacuum heat treatment research, gas carburizing microcomputer control technology (Beijing university of aeronautics &astronautics and cooperation), rare earth soft nitriding, powder metallurgy products surface strengthening, kerosene and methanol small drops of microcomputer control method of carburizing, solid boriding and carburizing process computer aided process planning and tracking control system, and the application of new technology heat in production. Welding and cutting in 1949, Beijing has geo-drilling, electric welding and cutting etc oxyacetylene flame manual operation. In 1963, Beijing metal structure and YiJiBu mechanical science research cooperation to develop tungsten argon arc welding, and realize the nitrogen plasma cutting stainless steel. In 1964, the use of dc argon arc welding and tungsten wire alloying technology solved by tilting electrolysis industry worse pure nickel welding. In 1966, Beijing metal structure factory developed by rotating sphere of the submerged arc welding automatic welding. In 1968, the plant began to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of acetylene cutting. In the early 1980s, tsinghua university invented new MIG welding arc arc technology in control, control a breakthrough. In the early 1980s, the Beijing urban construction design completed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mobile pneumatic rail welding technology research and application. In 1990, Beijing metal structure factory to adopt CNC precision cutting and with photo-electricity tracking and CNC pursuit of high input automatic programming technology plasma cutting.
Visible, China mechanical development in modern development of its rapid.
中文原文
機(jī)械，源自于希臘語(yǔ)之Mechine及拉丁文Machina，
機(jī)械齒輪（圖1）原指“巧妙的設(shè)計(jì)”，作為一般性的機(jī)械概念，可以追溯到古羅馬時(shí)期，主要是為了區(qū)別與手工工具?，F(xiàn)代中文之“機(jī)械”一詞為機(jī)構(gòu)為英語(yǔ)之（Mechanism）和機(jī)器（Machine）的總稱(chēng)。機(jī)械的特征有：機(jī)械是一種人為的實(shí)物構(gòu)件的組合。機(jī)械各部分之間具有確定的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故機(jī)器能轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)械能或完成有用的機(jī)械功，是現(xiàn)代機(jī)械原理中的最基本的概念，中文機(jī)械的現(xiàn)代概念多源自日語(yǔ)之“機(jī)械”一詞，日本的機(jī)械應(yīng)用品對(duì)機(jī)械概念做如下定義（即符合下面三個(gè)特征稱(chēng)為機(jī)械Machine）：
1、機(jī)械是物體的組合，假定力加到其各個(gè)部分也難以變形。
2、這些物體必須實(shí)現(xiàn)相互的、單一的、規(guī)定的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
3、把施加的能量轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽钣杏玫男问?，或轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛行У臋C(jī)械功。
機(jī)構(gòu)和機(jī)器的定義來(lái)源于機(jī)械工程學(xué)，屬于現(xiàn)代機(jī)械原理中的最基本的概念，中文機(jī)械的現(xiàn)代概念多源自日語(yǔ)之“機(jī)械”一詞。
一切具有確定的運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)器和機(jī)構(gòu)的總稱(chēng)。如：機(jī)床、拖拉機(jī)等。
機(jī)械工程就是以有關(guān)的自然科學(xué)和技術(shù)科學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ)。
機(jī)械齒輪（圖2）結(jié)合在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中積累的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，研究和解決在開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝、運(yùn)用和修理各種機(jī)械中的理論和實(shí)際問(wèn)題的一門(mén)應(yīng)用學(xué)科。
各個(gè)工程領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展都要求機(jī)械工程有與之相適應(yīng)的發(fā)展，都需要機(jī)械工程提供所必需的機(jī)械。某些機(jī)械的發(fā)明和完善，又會(huì)導(dǎo)致新的工程技術(shù)和新的產(chǎn)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展。例如大型動(dòng)力機(jī)械的制造成功，促成了電力系統(tǒng)的建立；機(jī)車(chē)的發(fā)明導(dǎo)致了鐵路工程和鐵路事業(yè)