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1、人口結(jié)構(gòu)變動(dòng)與消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系探究 本篇論文目錄導(dǎo)航：人口結(jié)構(gòu)變動(dòng)與消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系探究不同人口結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響研究緒論人口結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的理論分析我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)與消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀人口自然與社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實(shí)證分析從人口結(jié)構(gòu)角度促進(jìn)我國(guó)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的措施我國(guó)人口與消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化研究參考文獻(xiàn)中文摘要由于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期對(duì)投資與出口高度依賴，國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)一直處于弱勢(shì)地位，最終導(dǎo)致有效需求不足。其實(shí)在進(jìn)入 90 年代后，我國(guó)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)由原來(lái)的供給不足轉(zhuǎn)為有效需求不足，供求狀況由賣方市場(chǎng)逐步轉(zhuǎn)向買方市場(chǎng)，市場(chǎng)需求逐漸成為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要制約因素。為了提高國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)在我國(guó)總需求中的比重，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)經(jīng)
2、濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，有必要研究消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響因素，以完善我國(guó)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。決定消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)變化的因素很多，人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化是其中的一個(gè)重要因素。不論我國(guó)未來(lái)人口總量變化有多大，可以肯定的是，受經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與我國(guó)人口政策的影響，未來(lái)的人口結(jié)構(gòu)將會(huì)發(fā)生較大的變化。人口是對(duì)生活在特定社會(huì)制度、特定地區(qū)，具有一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的人的統(tǒng)稱，它永遠(yuǎn)處于復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng)之中。依據(jù)人口所具有的各種不同的自然的、社會(huì)的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的和生理的特征，把人口劃分為性別結(jié)構(gòu)、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)與收入結(jié)構(gòu)。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度來(lái)看，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為居民消費(fèi)的各種各樣的消費(fèi)資料（包括服務(wù)）的組合，在商品經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，消費(fèi)必須通過(guò)市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，因此本文使用貨幣支出比
3、例來(lái)分析消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。具體的將消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分為吃穿住行用、實(shí)物與服務(wù)消費(fèi)、國(guó)內(nèi)與國(guó)外消費(fèi)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)與實(shí)體店消費(fèi)、商品性消費(fèi)與自給性消費(fèi)等消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。不同類型的人有不同的消費(fèi)需求，男性與女性的消費(fèi)偏好不同，老年人的消費(fèi)需求相對(duì)較弱，城市居民的消費(fèi)支出要高于農(nóng)村居民，不同來(lái)源的收入對(duì)消費(fèi)的影響也不盡相同。本文通過(guò)實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國(guó)居民的各分項(xiàng)消費(fèi)具有明顯的棘輪效應(yīng)；地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平及發(fā)展速度、實(shí)際利率、城鄉(xiāng)收入的不平等程度都對(duì)居民消費(fèi)有顯著影響；中年人口的增加對(duì)消費(fèi)有促進(jìn)作用，老年人口則有抑制作用；不同性質(zhì)的收入對(duì)消費(fèi)的影響程度大小不同。據(jù)此提出完善我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)以提升國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的主要措施
4、，主要包括完善我國(guó)人口的年齡結(jié)構(gòu)，全面開(kāi)放二胎政策甚至準(zhǔn)許部分家庭生育三胎，降低孩子的養(yǎng)育成本，減輕家庭負(fù)擔(dān)；完善我國(guó)人口的性別結(jié)構(gòu)，性別結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題存在的根源在于性別歧視，要加大對(duì)女性各項(xiàng)權(quán)益的保障，做到事實(shí)上的男女平等，嚴(yán)厲打擊非法胎兒性別鑒定，防止出現(xiàn)選擇性養(yǎng)育情況，加強(qiáng)宣傳教育，杜絕城市居民傳宗接代;與農(nóng)村居民養(yǎng)兒防老;的思想；完善我國(guó)人口城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)人口真實(shí)城鎮(zhèn)化；完善我國(guó)人口收入結(jié)構(gòu)，建立合理稅收制度、促進(jìn)收入公平分配，建立完善社保政策，解決由特殊原因造成的收入不均，促進(jìn)就業(yè)，使居民獲得收入機(jī)會(huì)公平。同時(shí)，增加農(nóng)村居民的工資性收入、提高財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入的比重，豐富城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入來(lái)源，降低收
5、入的不確定性預(yù)期，創(chuàng)新信貸機(jī)制，將消費(fèi)欲望轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)購(gòu)買力，增加消費(fèi)，合理引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)，減少炫耀性等不合理消費(fèi)，促進(jìn)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化。關(guān)鍵詞：人口結(jié)構(gòu)；消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)；影響；完善ABSTRACTDue to the high dependence on investment and exports, domestic consumption hasbeen in a weak position, which will lead to effective demand shortage. In fact, after enteringthe 90 s, the macro economy of our co
6、untry has changed from the original supply shortageto the effective demand, the supply and demand situation is gradually turned to the buyer smarket, the market demand gradually become the main restriction factor of economicgrowth. In order to improve the proportion of domestic consumption in China,
7、 thetransformation of economic growth mode, it is necessary to study the influencing factors ofconsumption structure, in order to improve the consumption structure in China. Manyfactors that determine the structure of consumption, the change of population structure isone of the important factors. No
8、 matter how big the future population changes, it is certainthat, by the impact of economic growth and China s population policy, the future populationstructure will be a big change.The population is a general term for a certain number of people and the quality of lifein a particular social system,
9、and it is always in a complicated movement. According to thedifferent natural, social, economic, and physiological characteristics of the population, thepopulation structure, age structure, urban and rural structure and income structure are putinto the population. From an economic point of view, the
10、 consumption structure is acombination of a variety of consumer information （including services）， in the condition ofthe commodity economy, the consumer must purchase through the market to achieve, sothis paper uses the proportion of money expenditure to analyze the consumption structure.The concret
11、e will be divided in the consumption structure for food and clothing, housing,use, with the kind of service consumption, domestic and foreign consumption, network andstore consumer, commodity consumption and the self consumption consumption structure.Different types of people have different consumer
12、 demand, the consumption preferences ofmen and women are different, the consumption demand of the elderly is relatively weak,the consumption expenditure of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents.Through empirical research, we find that the partial consumption of residents in Chinahas
13、 obvious ratchet effect. The level of economic development, the development speed, thereal interest rate and the inequality degree of urban and rural income have a significanteffect on the consumption. Put forward the main measures to improve China s populationstructure to increase domestic consumpt
14、ion and promote the sustainable development ofeconomy in our country, including perfecting the structure of China s population, acomprehensive open two-child policy and even allow some families to have a three child,reduce the cost of raising children, reduce the family burden; improve the sex struc
15、ture ofthe population in our country, cause of the problem gender structure is genderdiscrimination, to increase the protection of the interests of women, to achieve equalitybetween men and women in fact, crack down on illegal sex identification of the fetus, toprevent the emergence of selective bre
16、eding, to strengthen publicity and education, toeliminate the city residents family; and rural residents thought; improve the urban andrural raise children to provide against old age; of China s population structure, promotepopulation the real urbanization; improve the income of China s population s
17、tructure,establish a reasonable tax system, promote the fair distribution of income, establish andimprove the social security policy, solve the special reasons caused by income inequality,promote employment, so that residents earn equal opportunity. At the same time, increasethe income of rural resi
18、dents, income, increase the proportion of property income, richurban and rural residents, income sources, reduce the uncertainty of income expectations,the consumer desire to transform into real purchasing power, increasing consumption,reasonable guide consumption, less conspicuous consumption, and
19、promote rationalconsumption structure.Keywords: population structure;consumption structure;influence;perfection目錄第一章 緒論第一節(jié) 研究背景和研究意義一、研究背景二、研究意義第二節(jié)文獻(xiàn)綜述一、國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)綜述二、國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)綜述三、小結(jié)第三節(jié)研究思路與研究方法一、主要研究思路二、主要研究方法第四節(jié)研究框架及研究?jī)?nèi)容一、研究框架二、研究?jī)?nèi)容第五節(jié)創(chuàng)新之處及不足第二章 人口結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的理論分析第一節(jié)人口結(jié)構(gòu)一、人口結(jié)構(gòu)的涵義二、人口結(jié)構(gòu)的種類第二節(jié)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)一、消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的涵義二、消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)
20、的種類第三節(jié)我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響一、我國(guó)人口自然結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響二、我國(guó)人口社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響第三章 人口結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實(shí)證分析第一節(jié)我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)與消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀一、我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀二、我國(guó)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀第二節(jié) 人口自然結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實(shí)證分析一、模型設(shè)定與變量說(shuō)明二、變量的描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)與實(shí)證分析方法三、實(shí)證分析結(jié)果第三節(jié)人口社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實(shí)證分析一、模型設(shè)定與變量說(shuō)明二、變量的描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)與實(shí)證分析方法三、實(shí)證分析結(jié)果第四章 從人口結(jié)構(gòu)角度促進(jìn)我國(guó)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的措施第一節(jié) 我國(guó)目前消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)存在的主要問(wèn)題一、消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二、我國(guó)目前消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)存在的主要問(wèn)題第二節(jié)從人口結(jié)構(gòu)角度促進(jìn)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的措施一、完善我國(guó)人口的自然結(jié)構(gòu)二、完善我國(guó)人口的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)參考文獻(xiàn)致謝返回本篇論文導(dǎo)航
人口結(jié)構(gòu)變動(dòng)與消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系探究
