2012高一英語課件：4.4 Unit4《Earthquakes》（人教版必修1福建專用）

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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing,定語從句(Ⅰ) 一、概念 A plane is a machine that can fly.,1．定語從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩類。本單元主要講述關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。 2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞。,3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why等)兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個(gè)作用：(1)連接主從句；(2)指代先行詞；(3)在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。,例如：A plane is a machine that can fly. 上面例句中的that can fly即為定語從句，其前面的名詞machine是被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞，that是引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞。,二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法,三、只用that不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況,四、只用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況,定語從句注意事項(xiàng) 1．關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 ①He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one為先行詞) ②He is one of the students who know French.(students為先行詞),2．關(guān)系代詞的省略：在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語(這時(shí)介詞不能在關(guān)系代詞前)時(shí)常可省略。 The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.,3．the same.as與the same.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別：前者修飾的是與原物相似的東西；而后者修飾的就是先行詞所指的東西。 ①This is the same watch as I lost. 這和我丟的那只手表一樣。(不是同一只) ②This is the same watch that I lost. 這就是我丟失的那只手表。(同一只),4．such后可接as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，也可接that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。,①I hope to get such a pen as he is using.我希望得到一支像他在使用的一樣的鋼筆。(定語從句) ②I hope to get such a pen that I can do my homework with it without using others’．我希望得到一支鋼筆，這樣我就能用它做作業(yè)而不用借別人的。(結(jié)果狀語從句),Ⅰ.用that，who，whom，which，whose完成下列句子 1．This is the person________you should thank for helping your son. 答案： who/that/whom 2．The man________is standing there is a famous writer. 答案： who/that,3．The pen________he bought yesterday is the same as mine. 答案： that/which 4．The house________is at the corner of the street is painted red. 答案： that/which,5．The boy________name is Tom comes from America. 答案： whose 6．It is said that the chair________leg is broken is worth a lot of money. 答案： whose,7．This is the best film________has been shown so far in the city. 答案： that 8．I have many friends to________I am going to send postcards. 答案： whom,9．We should do everything________we should do. 答案： that 10．The beautiful girl________we often talk about is Li Ping’s sister. 答案： that/who/whom,11．Who________you have ever known can sing it better? 答案： that 12．I still remember the people and the things________I met in my hometown. 答案： that,13．The only thing________I can remember is the big fire. 答案： that 14．I don’t know the boy________is sitting behind you. 答案： who/that 15．He asked about the factories and workers________we had just visited. 答案： that,Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student________can help you to work out this problem. A．whom B．who C．which D．what,解析： 先行詞the student指人，定語從句中缺主語，因此應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。 答案： B,2．I’m not sure whether this is the book________my brother read the year before last. A．whose B．a(chǎn)s C．what D．which,解析： 先行詞the book指物，定語從句缺少賓語，因此應(yīng)填which引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，僅用于the same.as.，such.as.等句型中。 答案： D,3．I’m sorry that I don’t know much about American films，because this is the first American film________I have ever seen. A．which B．that C．what D．a(chǎn)s,解析： 先行詞American film前面有序數(shù)詞the first修飾，因此只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 答案： B,4．Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons________they were fond of________influenced their whole lives. A．which；that B．that；which C．which；which D．that；that,解析： 第一空考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。因先行詞中既含有人又含有物，所以用that。第二空用that構(gòu)成It was.that.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 答案： D,5．Which of the two cows________you keep produce more milk? A．that B．which C．whom D．what 解析： 主語是以which開頭的特定疑問句，所以要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 答案： A,6．The most important thing________we should pay attention to is the first thing________I have said. A．which；that B．that；which C．which；which D．that；that 解析： 當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。 答案： D,7．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest________everyone likes to visit. A．that B．a(chǎn)s C．which D．what,解析： “such＋名詞”后接從句時(shí)，若引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分，則用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。該句中引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作visit的賓語，故用as。若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，則用that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 答案： B,8．This is the boy without________help I couldn’t have passed that difficult exam. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that,解析： 先行詞the boy指人，定語從句缺少定語，因此該空應(yīng)填whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。 答案： C,9．The boy________is cleaning the blackboard now is Tom’s best friend. A．that B．whom C．whose D．he 解析： 先行詞是“人”，關(guān)系代詞用who/that。 答案： A,10．The man makes full use of the time________he can spare. A．with which B．when C．it D．that 解析： 先行詞是“物”，并且作spare的賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞用which/that。 答案： D,11．Look out！Don’t get too close to the house________roof is under repair. A．whose B．which C．of which D．that,解析： 此題考查定語從句。句意為：“小心！不要靠近這所房子，房頂正在修理”。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，“________roof is under repair”是定語從句修飾house。從意義上看，空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示“這所房子的”的關(guān)系代詞，所以要用whose。 答案： A,12．He told us the stories and the writers ________interested him. A．that B．which C．what D．who,解析： 在修飾兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)用that。在此句中that修飾stories和writers，它既可修飾人也可修飾物，又在從句中作主語。 答案： A,13．Anything________could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge. A．which B．that C．what D．how 解析： 考查定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞為anything等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which。 答案： B,14．Those________want to see the film please write down your names here. A．them B．what C．whose D．who 解析： 當(dāng)代詞those用做先行詞且指人，并在從句中作主語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常使用who。 答案： D,15．This is the factory________we visited the other day. A．where B．in which C．there D．/ 解析： 先行詞在定語從句中作賓語可以省略，本題省略了that/which。 答案： D,描寫：報(bào)紙文章 一、題目要求 請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給提示，用英語寫一篇短文，介紹當(dāng)今中國教育的基本情況。 要點(diǎn)：1.九年義務(wù)教育，六歲入學(xué)； 2．初中畢業(yè)后，可入高中或職業(yè)學(xué)校； 3．在高校，部分費(fèi)用由家庭承擔(dān)； 4．中國教育盡管成績巨大，但仍需要改革。 注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右； 2．內(nèi)容要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫。,二、關(guān)鍵詞語,三、連詞成句 1.當(dāng)今中國的教育發(fā)展迅速。 Education in China today has been developing rapidly. 2．在上大學(xué)之前，學(xué)生們必須通過很多考試。 Students have to pass a series of examinations before entering a college or university. 3．盡管中國的教育發(fā)生了很大的變化，但還有許多方面需要改進(jìn)。 Though great changes have taken place in the field of education in China，there is still much to be improved.,四、構(gòu)思謀篇,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,