2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)提能練14 Astronomy：the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版

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1、課時(shí)提能練(十四) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2019·長(zhǎng)沙測(cè)評(píng))Scientists found gravitational waves as they watched the effects of two black holes running into each other and forming a much bigger one，a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波紋) through space-time. Scientists“heard”the wave w

2、ith the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90° between each other and are nearly 2，000 miles apart in the US.That equipment let them glimpse the nature of black holes.Together they made up the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory(LIGO)． Gravitation

3、al waves were first observed in September 2015 and the second detection(發(fā)現(xiàn)) occurred three months later.The third detection，which the astronomers called GW170104，was made on January 4，2017.The astronomers believed their latest finding“provides clues about the directions in which the black holes are

4、spinning”． “Black holes are beautifully simple.You just need two numbers to describe them completely：mass，how much they bend space-time，and a spin，how much space-time moves about them，”said Dr. Christopher Berry of the University of Birmingham，one of the researchers in the project.“But it takes lot

5、s of hard work to measure these from our data.We now have wonderful mass measurements，and are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes，which could give evidence for how they formed.”The researchers said their discovery added further evidence to support Einstein's general theo

6、ry of relativity and confirmed the existence of previously unknown black holes. More than 1，000 scientists from the LIGO Scientific Collaboration were involved in the project along with an additional 280 researchers from the European-based Virgo Collaboration.Scientists hope gravitational waves wil

7、l offer a completely different view of the universe，allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes.“We have further confirmation of the existence of stellar(恒星的)-mass black holes that are larger than 20 solar masses.We didn't know they existed before LIGO detected the

8、m，”MIT researcher David Shoemaker said. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇科普說明文。科學(xué)家們第三次探測(cè)到引力波，相對(duì)論再獲證實(shí)，促進(jìn)了黑洞研究。 1．Who pioneered gravitational waves? A．David Shoemaker. B．Christopher Berry. C．Scientists from LIGO. D．Albert Einstein. D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event wo

9、uld send ripples(波紋) through space-time”可知，科學(xué)家們的這一發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)生在愛因斯坦預(yù)測(cè)此事件的一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，因此愛因斯坦是引力波的先行者。] 2．How did scientists discover gravitational waves? A．By using laser beams. B．By joining vertical pipes. C．By using traditional telescopes. D．By following the orbit of black holes. A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“Scienti

10、sts‘heard’the wave with the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90° between each other and are nearly 2，000 miles apart in the US”可知，科學(xué)家們是通過使用激光束來探測(cè)到引力波的。] 3．What can we learn from the last three paragraphs? A．More than 2，000 scientists took part in the event. B

11、．Scientists have already discovered spins of black holes. C．Gravitational waves contributed to black holes' research. D．There is no way to find out how black holes are formed. C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The astronomers believed their latest finding‘provides clues about the directions in which the black hol

12、es are spinning’”和第四段中的“We...are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes，which could give evidence for how they formed”可知，科學(xué)家們第三次發(fā)現(xiàn)引力波給黑洞的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向提供了線索，黑洞的旋轉(zhuǎn)細(xì)節(jié)可能為它們的形成方式提供證據(jù)。即引力波對(duì)黑洞的研究有作用。故選C。] 4．What do the scientists think of the application of gravitational waves? A．It's co

13、ntroversial. B．It's promising. C．It's limited. D．It's demanding. B　[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientists hope gravitational waves will offer a completely different view of the universe，allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes”可知，科學(xué)家們希望引力波會(huì)提供一個(gè)完全不同的宇宙觀，使得他們能研究使用傳統(tǒng)望遠(yuǎn)

14、鏡可能發(fā)現(xiàn)不了的事情，即他們認(rèn)為引力波的運(yùn)用很有前景。故選B項(xiàng)。] Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019·石家莊模擬) How to Be a Good Team Leader Teamwork is essential in school，sports，and group activities.Being a good team leader involves a lot of skills，but knowing how to relate to your team is one of the most important qualities a good team leader shoul

15、d have. ◇Show respect. As a leader，you will sometimes have to make a decision in a hurry.__1__ You'd better explain clearly why you made the decision and ask for feedback from your team，which shows that you are a leader with respect. ◇__2__ If some people are a little behind on a project or task

16、，help them.Be patient and spend some time with the individual to assess why there is an issue.In addition，find a task for everyone no matter what their skill or level is.__3__ ◇Encourage your team. Sometimes people are scared to try something，and this is where the leader comes in.__4__ It's more l

17、ikely that your team will get motivated and have the job done at last. ◇Recognize the positive results. Acknowledge your team for a job well done，even if it's small.You don't have to reward good work with a pay raise.__5__ Taking a second or two to stop and thank your team makes a difference. Onc

18、e you follow the tips mentioned above，you will make a good team leader. A．Include everyone. B．Keep a positive attitude. C．A pay raise will cheer up your team. D．Oral appreciation holds a lot of weight. E．After all，they all want to contribute in some way. F．Show your team that the task is possi

19、ble，even if difficult. G．But this may not always be what everyone in your team wants. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了四條成為優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的原則。 1．G　[根據(jù)空處前一句“As a leader，you will sometimes have to make a decision in a hurry”可知，作為一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，你有時(shí)不得不迅速做出決定；結(jié)合空處后一句“You'd better explain clearly why you made the decision and ask for f

20、eedback from your team，which shows that you are a leader with respect”可知，你最好解釋清楚你為什么做出這樣的決定；根據(jù)空處前后兩句的句意可以判斷，空處與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表示這么做并非團(tuán)隊(duì)每個(gè)成員想要的，并引出后一句，故G項(xiàng)正確。] 2．A　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處是該段標(biāo)題；由該段第二、第三句“Be patient and spend some time with the individual to assess why there is an issue.In addition，find a task for

21、everyone no matter what their skill or level is”可知，要有耐心，花些時(shí)間和個(gè)人討論為什么會(huì)有這樣的問題；此外，要給所有人找到任務(wù)。據(jù)此可以判斷，該段主要陳述要關(guān)注每個(gè)成員，故A項(xiàng)正確。] 3．E　[根據(jù)空處前一句“In addition，find a task for everyone no matter what their skill or level is”可知，要給所有人找到任務(wù)，不管他們的技能或水平是什么樣的；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處解釋此舉的原因，故E項(xiàng)(畢竟每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員都想以某種方式做出貢獻(xiàn))符合語境。] 4．F　[根據(jù)該段的標(biāo)題“

22、Encourage your team”可知，要鼓勵(lì)你的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員；結(jié)合空處后一句“It's more likely that your team will get motivated and have the job done at last”可知，你的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員很有可能被激勵(lì)，從而最終完成工作；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，陳述激勵(lì)的方式，故F項(xiàng)(向團(tuán)隊(duì)成員證明，即使任務(wù)很困難，也是可能完成的)符合語境。] 5．D　[根據(jù)空處前一句“You don't have to reward good work with a pay raise”可知，你無需為良好的工作表現(xiàn)加薪；據(jù)此可以判斷，口頭表?yè)P(yáng)會(huì)

23、起到很大的作用，故D項(xiàng)與此處匹配。] Ⅲ.語法填空 (2019·貴陽適應(yīng)性考試)Franklin's life is full of charming stories which all young men should know—1.________ he sold books in Boston，and became the guest of kings in Europe；how he was made Major General Franklin，only to quit because，as he said，he was no soldier，and yet helped to

24、organize the army that stood before the trained troops of England and Germany. This poor Boston boy，without a day's schooling，2.________(become) a master of six languages and never stopped 3.________(study)；this neglected apprentice(學(xué)徒) conquered lightning，made his name famous，4.________(receive) d

25、egrees and diplomas from many colleges，and became forever remembered as the“Doctor Franklin”，a philosopher，scientist and 5.________(politics) leader. Self-made，self-taught，the candle maker's son gave light 6.________ all the world；the street bookseller set all men singing of liberty；the apprentice

26、became the most sought-after man across the world，and brought his native land to praise and honor him. He built America，for what the nation is today is largely due to the management，the forethought，the wisdom，and the 7.________(able) of Benjamin Franklin.He belongs to the world，but 8.________(espec

27、ial) he belongs to America.People around the world honored him while he was living；he is still regarded 9.________ the loftiest(崇高的) man by the common people today after his death.And he will live in people's 10.________(heart) forever. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了美國(guó)名人本杰明·富蘭克林的傳奇故事。 1．how　[考查副詞。此處與下文中的“how he w

28、as made Major General Franklin”呼應(yīng)，此處表示事情進(jìn)行的方式，故用副詞how。] 2．became　[考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的and never stopped可知，此處是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，故用一般過去時(shí)。] 3．studying　[考查動(dòng)名詞。stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事”，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。] 4．received　[考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處和conquered，made，became是并列關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)。] 5．political　[考查形容詞。修飾名詞用形容詞，故用形容詞political修飾名詞leader，在句子中作定語

29、。] 6．to　[考查介詞。give sth.to...意為“給……某物”，故用介詞to。] 7．a(chǎn)bility　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)冠詞the和介詞of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此處用名詞ability表示抽象概念。] 8．especially　[考查副詞。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語，甚至整個(gè)句子，在句子中作狀語。此處副詞especially修飾整個(gè)句子。] 9．a(chǎn)s　[考查介詞。regard...as...意為“把……看作……”，為固定搭配，故用介詞as。] 10．hearts　[考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。heart作“心，內(nèi)心”時(shí)為

30、可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空前的people's可知，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用復(fù)數(shù)名詞hearts。] Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2019·太原模擬)Do you believe love is the most important? In the early twenty century，homeless people were often brought up in orphanages，in that they received little love.At one time，Dr.Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage or had a young gi

31、rl look them each day.He also studied another twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long.He followed these children not until they grew up，and the results were shocked.The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses.However，the twelv

32、e children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently.The only difference between the life of these children—the love，made a great difference to us. 【答案】　 Do you believe love is the most important? In the early century，homeless people were often brought up in orphanages，in they receive

33、d little love.At one time，Dr.Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage had a young girl look them each day.He also studied another twelve children who left in the orphanage all day long.He followed these children until they grew up，and the results were .The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses.However，the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and .The only difference between the of these children—the love，made a great difference to . - 7 -