2020年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 基礎(chǔ)語法 專題十 非謂語動詞試題

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1、專題十 非謂語動詞 學(xué)前自測（發(fā)現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)） ( )1. I know you are busy, but you look pale. You'd better ____ a good rest. A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having ( )2. Mum, please ask Sally ___ any noise. I’m doing my homework. A. not make

2、 B. don't make C. not to make D. don't to make ( )3. —I decided ___ weight by eating less every day. —Oh, forget it! You have said that again and again. A. to lose B. lost C. losing D. lose ( )4. I love my cat and spend a lot of

3、 time ___ after it. A. look B. looks C. to look D. looking ( )5. My mother advised me ___ to music when I was doing my homework, or I will make a lot of mistakes. A. listening B. listen to not C. not to listen D. to listen ( )6. He

4、asked her ___ the bag because it was too expensive. A. not to buy B. to buy not C. not buying D. not buy ( )7. I wanted to ask my friend ____ me with the Maths problem, but my teacher didn't allow. A. help B. helping C. to help D. to helping

5、 ( )8. —You were in such a hurry this morning. What happened? —Oh. I got up too late this morning. So I had to run as fast as I could _____ the bus. A. catch B. catching C. to catching D. to catch ( )9. —I feel a bit thirsty now. — Why not ____ for a cold dri

6、nk with us? A. go B. going C. to go D. do you go ( )10. We had better stop ____. It's going to rain. A. run B. ran C. to run D. running ?？伎键c(diǎn)知識清單（研習(xí)考點(diǎn)） 考點(diǎn)一 動詞不定式 動詞不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式,有加 to 和省略 to 兩種形式,可以在句中作主語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等成份。 1

7、. 作主語 To travel around China is my dream. 環(huán)游中國是我的夢想。 注意:不定式作主語,整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)看成一個(gè)整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,但通常用 it 作形式主語,而把不定式放 于句末,來保持句子的平衡,常見的句式有: (1) it takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework. 完成我的英語家庭作業(yè)花費(fèi)了我 20 分鐘的時(shí)間。 (2) it’s + adj. / n. +to do sth It's interestin

8、g to read the English books. 讀英語書是很有趣的。 (3) it's+adj. +for+sb. +to do sth. 其中形容詞是用來修飾動詞不定式的。 It's hard for me to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語對我來說是很難的。 (4) it's+adj. +of+sb. +to do sth. 其中形容詞是用來修飾某人的。 It's very kind of you to help me. 幫助我你真是太好了。 2. 作表語 動詞不定式作表語時(shí),主要表示愿望、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等,一般可轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞不定式作主語。 His w

9、ish is to be a teacher. 他的愿望就是當(dāng)一名老師。 To be a policeman is his wish. 當(dāng)一名警察是他的愿望。 3. 作賓語 decide, would like, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail, agree 等后只能跟動詞不定式作賓語。 They agreed to start early. 他們同意早點(diǎn)兒動身。 注意:當(dāng)不定式作賓語時(shí),通常還可以用 it 作形式賓語,真正的賓語是不定式。 常跟 it 作形式賓語的動詞有: find, think, make 等。 I fou

10、nd it difficult to get on with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處是很難的。 4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 常見的后跟帶 to 的動詞不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, allow 等。 I told him not to draw on the wall. 我告訴過他別在墻上亂畫。 巧記:不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)省略 to 的口訣 一感:feel 二聽:hear, listen to 三讓:let, make, have 四看:see, watch, notice, look a

11、t 半幫助:help 5. 作定語 動詞不定式短語作定語時(shí),應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后。 動詞不定式與被修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 注意:如果作定語的動詞不定式短語中的短語是不及物動詞,切記不能漏掉介詞。 I have a small room to live in. 我有一間小屋可以居住。 6. 作狀語 動詞不定式短語可以作目的狀語、原因狀語和結(jié)果狀語。 I come to see you. 我來看你了。 7. “特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成份。 She

12、 asked me when to start. 她問我什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。 考點(diǎn)二 動名詞 在形式上,動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣。 但它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動詞性的名詞,它具有名詞的絕大多數(shù)特征,可作主語、 賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成份。 1. 作主語 動名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 Smoking is harmful. 吸煙是有害的。 2. 作表語 動名詞作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為動名詞作主語。 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. =Looking after the patients is the nurse's

13、 job. 護(hù)士的工作就是照顧病人。 3. 作賓語 (1) 有些動詞后面必須跟動名詞作賓語,而不能跟不定式。 常見的這類動詞有 mind, finish, enjoy, practice, keep, miss, consider, suggest 等。 另外,動名詞還可以作介詞的賓語。 Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽煙嗎? (2) 常見的后接動名詞的短語 能接動名詞的短語很多,初中階段常見的有:be busy (忙于),be worth (值得),can't help (禁不住),give up (放棄),be used to (習(xí)慣于), st

14、op/ prevent/ keep…from (阻止),look forward to (盼望),feel like (想要),think of(考慮),be good at (擅長),be interested in (對……感興趣),succeed in (成功)等。 巧記:只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語列舉如下: 完成、實(shí)踐、值得、忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 繼續(xù)、習(xí)慣、放棄(keep, be used to, give up) 考慮、建議、不禁、想要(consider, suggest, can't help, feel lik

15、e) 喜歡、思念、介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 4. 動名詞作定語 動名詞作定語,表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等,一般置于被修飾詞前。 He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡覺。 考點(diǎn)三 分詞 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。 現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動和進(jìn)行的含義,而過去分詞則具有被動和已經(jīng)完成的含義。 1. 分詞作定語 分詞作定語時(shí),單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾的名詞前;分詞短語則須置于被修飾的名詞后。 The dancing girl shouted to him, but he didn't hear her. 那個(gè)正在跳舞的女孩正

16、在向他喊話,但他沒有聽見。 The broken cup needs repairing. 那個(gè)破茶杯需要修補(bǔ)。 注意:以-ed 形式結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人,以-ing 形式結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于修飾物。 The news made all of us excited. 這個(gè)消息使我們都很興奮。 2. 分詞作表語 分詞作表語,一般表示主語的特征和屬性。 The result is surprising. 結(jié)果是令人吃驚的。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3. 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 (1) see, watch, hear, keep, find, notice

17、等動詞后可跟分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。 句子的賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語,它們之間存在主動關(guān)系。 而過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),與賓語之間是被動關(guān)系。 I found him reading a novel. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在看小說。 (2) have/ get sth. done 表示“請別人做某事”,其中的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,與賓語之間是被動關(guān)系。 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我將找人給我理發(fā)。 I must get my bike repaired. 我必須請人修理我的自行車。 4. 分詞作狀語 分詞作狀語,主要

18、表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他們有說有笑地走出了教室。 (伴隨狀語) The car, hit badly, can't move at all. 那車被撞得很嚴(yán)重,一點(diǎn)兒都不能移動了。 (原因狀語) 考點(diǎn)四 特殊動詞的特殊用法 有些動詞后加不定式或動名詞作賓語有兩種截然不同的含義。 如: 1. go on to do sth. 接著做另一件事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事 2. forget to do st

19、h. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事 3. remember to do sth. 記著去做某事 remember doing sth. 記著做過某事了 4. stop to do sth. 停下手頭的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做著的事情 5. try to do sth. 盡力做某事 try doing sth. 試著做某事 6. mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 7. allow sb. to do st

20、h. 允許某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允許做某事 鞏固訓(xùn)練（夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)） 一、單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. —I had my hair _____ yesterday. —I see. It suits you well. A. cutting B. been cut C. cut D. to be cut ( )2. —I like reading books ____ by Lu Xun. —So am I. A. write B. are written

21、 C. writing D. written ( )3. When I went into the room, I found ____ in bed. A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying ( )4. —Did he say anything? —No, he left the room without ____ anything. A. saying B. to say

22、 C. said D. to saying ( )5. The boy stood in the front of the classroom, ___ a passage. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( )6. —Mother likes shopping very much. —Yes. She would rather ____ around for hours in shops than ____ TV at

23、 home. A. walk; watch B. to walk; watch C. to walk; to watch D. walk; to watch ( )7. —Remember ___ the book to me when you finish ____ it. —All right. A. to return; reading B. returning; reading C. to return; to read D. returning;

24、 to read ( )8. —Children are often told ____ unhealthy food. —It's right. Unhealthy food is bad for them. A. to eat B. not to eat C. eating D. not eating ( )9. —What's your dream? —My dream is ____ a university in Shenzhen. A. to go to B.

25、 go to C. going to D. gone to ( )10. —You have kept him ____ for an hour. —Oh, I'm sorry I forgot the time. A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空 1. The ______ (excite) girl is jumping happily. 2. _______ (smoke) is bad for yo

26、ur health. 3. I did what I could _______ (help) him improve his study. 4. It’s a sunny day. What about ______ (have) a picnic? 5. I found it difficult ______ (get) on well with her. 6. Would you mind _______ (turn) off the television? 7. I spent an hour ________ (clean) the room. 8. It’s hard

27、for me ________ (learn) Chinese well. 9. My bike is broken. I must get it _________ (repair). 10. I am very tired. I want to stop ______ (have) a rest. 答案： 學(xué)前自測 1-5 ACADC 6-10 ACDAD 鞏固訓(xùn)練 一、1-5 CDAAB 6-10 AABAD 二、 1. excited 2. Smoking 3. to help 4. having 5. to get 6. turning 7. cleaning 8. to learn 9. repaired 10. to have 8