business and human rights - National University of Ireland ：商業(yè)與人權(quán)-愛爾蘭國立大學(xué)

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1、Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS 1 LW432 - SEMESTER 2 - Course Outline 2014-2015 - Objective The course engages postgraduate students with the topic of business and human rights, exploring questions regarding the extent to which bu

2、siness entities such as multinational corporations have human rights obligations. It considers developments at the international and domestic level to promote accountability and ensure compliance with emerging standards. Lecturer(s) Name Office Ext E-mail Dr. Shane Darcy Room 206 Office Hour

3、s: Mon. 2 - 3.30pm 3947 shane.darcy@nuigalway.ie Times Day Time Venue Lectures: Wednesdays 2pm-5pm Seminar room, Irish Centre for Human Rights Overall Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this course, you will: · be aware of the current debates concerning the responsibil

4、ity and role of businesses with regard to human rights in the countries in which they operate · understand legal, economic, political and sociological issues that arise with respect to the issue of whether businesses have obligations with respect to human rights · be familiar with the internatio

5、nal and domestic efforts at enforcing accountability of business for actions contrary to human rights. · be able to conduct comprehensive research focused on this subject area and will be familiar with the major literature and policy documents and emerging legal instruments Format The course

6、will be taught by weekly seminars, each three hours, over twelve weeks. Students are expected to have read all prescribed readings in advance of each seminar, thus requiring independent study of 8-10 hours each week, and will be expected to engage actively in discussion and to participate in various

7、 hands on exercises and activities. Programme(s) LL.M in International Human Rights Law, LL.M in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, LL.M in Peace Support Operations, full-time and part-time. Course Material Syllabus will be available on the website of the Irish Centre for Human Rights (www.

8、nuigalway.ie/human_rights) and can be downloaded from Blackboard at http://blackboard.nuigalway.ie. Texts & Materials John Ruggie, Just Business: Multinational Corporations and Human Rights, W.W. Norton & Company, 2013. Andrew Clapham, Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors, Oxford Univers

9、ity Press, 2006. Surya Deva and David Bilchitz (eds), Human Rights Obligations of Business: Beyond the Corporate Responsibility to Respect, Cambridge, 2013. Olivier de Schutter (ed.), Transnational Corporations and Human Rights, Hart, 2006. David Kinley, Human Rights and Corporations, Ashgate: UK

10、 (2009) David Kinley, Civilising Globalisation; Human Rights and the Global Economy, Cambridge University Press, 2009. Robert C. Bird (ed.), Law, Business and Human Rights, Edward Elgar, 2014. Website of the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre: http://business-humanrights.org Assessment

11、Evaluation is undertaken through the submission of an essay (maximum 10,000 words including footnotes) which should demonstrate significant research, familiarity with the literature, independent thought and critical analysis. Essays are to be submitted in hardcopy and electronically via Blackboard.

12、The submission date is set out in the ‘Guidelines for LLM students’. Class participation may be taken into account for up to 10% of the mark and may be added to the essay mark to achieve the final conditional mark. Workload hours Credit weighting: 15 ECTS Lecture hours: 36 Associated hours:

13、 24 Independent study: 290 Total Student Effort: 350 hours Topics Week 1: Introduction to business and human rights (Jan 14) The module begins with an exploration of the emerging field of business and human rights, cons

14、idering if and why businesses should be concerned with human rights. The seminar provides an introduction to the challenges of imposing human rights obligations on non-State actors. Required Reading: John Ruggie, Just Business: Multinational Corporations and Human Rights, W.W. Norton & Company,

15、 2013, Chapter 1, pp. 1-36. Peter T. Muchlinksi, ‘Human Rights and Multinationals: is there a problem?’ 77 International Affairs 1 (2001) 31. Phillip Alston and Ryan Goodman (eds.), International Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 1461-1497. Further Reading: Beth Stephens, ‘The A

16、morality of Profit: Transnational Corporations and Human Rights’, 20 Berkeley Journal of International Law (2002) 45-91. Scott Greathead, ‘The Multinational and the "New Stakeholder": Examining the Business Case for Human Rights’, 35 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (2002) 719. *** Film Sc

17、reening *** ‘The Corporation’, by Mark Achbar, Jennifer Abbott & Joel Bakan (2005) Wednesday, Jan 14, 5.30pm, Seminar room Week 2: Businesses as legal entities (Jan 21) This week considers the development of companies as a separate legal entity in law. It looks at the basic concepts and rul

18、es of company law. The class will also look at the place of corporations within the international legal system, addressing the question of the extent of international legal personality of multinational corporations. Required Reading: Michael Forde & Hugh Kennedy, Company Law, 4th edn., Thomson R

19、ound Hall, 2007, Chapters 1 & 2. Andrew Clapham, Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors, Oxford University Press, 2006: Chapter 1: 25-31, 39-58, Chapter 2: 76-80, Chapter 6: 237-252 (available in library and Chapter 1 on Blackboard) Steven R. Ratner, ‘Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory

20、 of Legal Responsibility’, 111Yale Law Journal (2001) 443, pp. 489-524. Further Reading: Marius Emberland, The Human Rights of Companies, Oxford University Press, 2006. Markos Karavias, Corporate Obligations under International Law, Oxford University Press, 2013. Week 3: Workers’ Rights (Jan

21、28) This seminar will consider the basic rights of workers’ rights, such as health and safety, non-discrimination and freedom of association, and examine the international and regional standards aimed at their protection and realisation. The class will also explore the work of the International Lab

22、our Organization and its contribution in the field of workers’ rights. Required Reading: Philip Alston, ‘‘Core Labour Standards’ and the Transformation of the International Labour Rights Regime’, 15 European Journal of International Law 3 (2004) 457. Tony Royle, ‘The ILO’s Shift to Promotional

23、 Principles and the ‘Privatization’ of Labour Rights: An Analysis of Labour Standards, Voluntary Self-Regulation and Social Clauses’, 26 International Journal of Comparative Labour Law 3 (2010) 249. Jason Burke, ‘Rana Plaza: one year on from the Bangladesh factory disaster’, The Guardian, 19 April

24、2014, at: Further Reading: International Labour Organization, The ILO: what it is, what it does, available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---webdev/documents/publication/wcms_082364.pdf Brian A. Langille, ‘Core Labour Rights – The True Story (Reply to Alston)

25、’ 16 European Journal of International Law 3 (2005) 409. Phillip Alston, ‘Facing up to the Complexities of the ILO’s Core Labour Standards Agenda’ 16 European Journal of International Law 3 (2005) 467. Krzysztof Drzeewicki, ‘The Right to Work and Rights in Work’, in Asbjorn Eide, Catarina Krause a

26、nd Allan Rosas (eds.), Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 2nd edn., Kluwer Law International, 2001, 223-243. Week 4: Corporate social responsibility and voluntary codes of conduct (Feb 4) This week we consider the emerging voluntary framework which seeks to ensure businesses are in complianc

27、e with human rights. Students will examine and critique the corporate social responsibility model, as exemplified in the United Nations Global Compact and the OECD Guidelines Required Reading: Christopher McCrudden, ‘Human Rights Codes for Transnational Corporations: What can the Sullivan and M

28、cBride Principles Tell Us?’ 19 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies (1999) 167. Andrew Clapham, Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors, Oxford University Press, 2006: Chapter 6: Corporations and Human Rights, 195-225. Further Reading: Upendra Baxi, ‘Market Fundamentalisms: Business Ethics at t

29、he Altar of Human Rights’, 5 Human Rights Review (2005), 1-26. Week 5: The Emerging Business and Human Rights Framework I (Feb 11) This seminar considers the emerging business and human rights framework and the attempts at devising a binding set of norms applicable to companies. Students will b

30、egin by examining the ‘Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights’, before turning to the work of the Special Representative John Ruggie and the United Nations Framework and Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

31、 Required Reading: Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights, UN Sub-commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, August 2003, available at: http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/%28Symbol%29/E.CN.4.Sub.2

32、.2003.12.Rev.2.En Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework, March 2011: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf. John Ruggie, Just Business: Multinational Corporations and Hum

33、an Rights, W.W. Norton & Company, 2013, Chapter 3, pp. 81-127. David Kinley and Rachel Chambers, ‘The UN human rights norms for corporations: the private implications of public international law’, 2 Human Rights Law Review (2006) 447. Further Reading: David Weissbrodt, ‘Business and human right

34、s’, 74 University of Cincinnati Law Review (2005) 55. Global Policy Forum, ‘Corporate Influence on the Business and Human Rights Agenda of the United Nations’, Working Paper, June 2014, available at: https://www.globalpolicy.org/images/pdfs/GPFEurope/Corporate_Influence_on_the_Business_and_Human_Ri

35、ghts_Agenda.pdf Week 6: The Emerging Business and Human Rights Framework II (Feb 18) This seminar further considers the emerging business and human rights framework, in particular developments following the endorsement of the United Nations Framework and Guiding Principles on Business and Human

36、 Rights. In particular it looks at the resurgent debate regarding a binding treaty on business and human rights and national implementation of the UN framework. Required Reading: John G. Ruggie, ‘A UN Business and Human Rights Treaty?’, January 2014, available at: http://business-humanrights.or

37、g/sites/default/files/media/documents/ruggie-on-un-business-human-rights-treaty-jan-2014.pdf International Commission of Jurists, ‘Needs and Options for a New International Instrument in the Field of Business and Human Rights’, June 2014: available at: dna- ‘Good Business: Implementing the UN G

38、uiding Principles on Business and Human Rights’, UK Government, September 2013, available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/236901/BHR_Action_Plan_-_final_online_version_1_.pdf David Bilchitz, ‘The Ruggie Framework: An Adequate Rubric for Corporate Human

39、 Rights Obligations’, 7(12) SUR International Journal on Human Rights (2010) 199. Week 7: Corporations and Armed Conflict (Feb 25) Corporate activities during situations of armed conflict may involve or contribute to breaches of international humanitarian law. The rise of private security firm

40、s and the increasing privatisation of warfare, amongst other considerations, have triggered attempts to ensure that businesses do not act in a manner contrary to the laws of war and this week we consider these developments. Required Reading: Emanuela-Chiara Gillard, ‘Business goes to war: privat

41、e military/security companies and international humanitarian law’, vol. 88 no. 863 International Review of the Red Cross (2006) 525-572. Vincent Bernard, ‘Editorial: Globalisation will only mean progress if it is responsible’, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 94, no. 887, (2012), p. 881.

42、 Olga Martin-Ortega, ‘Human Rights Due Diligence for Corporations: From Voluntary Standards to Hard Law at Last?’ 31(4) Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights (2013) 44. Eric W. Orts, ‘War and the Business Corporation’, 35 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (2002) 549-584. Further Reading:

43、 International Review of the Red Cross, Special Issue on ‘Business, violence and conflict’, Vol. 94, no. 887, (2012), available at: http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/international-review/review-887-business-violence-conflict/review-887-all.pdf. Simon Chesterman, From Mercenaries to Market: The Ris

44、e and Regulation of Private Military Companies, Oxford University Press, 2009. Benjamin Perrin, ‘Promoting compliance of private security and military companies with international humanitarian law’, vol. 88 no. 863 International Review of the Red Cross (2006) 613-636. ** Film Screening ** ‘The

45、Pipe’ (2011), directed by Risteard O’Domhnaill. Seminar room, Wednesday Feb 25, 5.30pm. Week 8: Case Study and Field Trip to Rossport, Co. Mayo (March 4) Departing by bus from ICHR, 8.30am, returning 8pm. Required Reading: Frontline, Breakdown in Trust: A Report on the Corrib Gas Dispute, 201

46、0, available at http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/files/en/corrib_gas_report.pdf Harriet Grant and John Domokos, ‘Fuelling the Fury’, The Guardian, 10 June 2009, available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jun/10/rossport-gas-pipeline-shell; Further Reading: Centre for Public Inqui

47、ry, The Great Corrib Gas Controversy, 2005, available at: http://www.publicinquiry.ie/reports.php; Hannah Greene, ‘Corporate Accountability for Human Rights: Using the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises as a Tool’, Trócaire Development Review (2009) 37-54, available at: http://www.trocai

48、re.org/resources/tdr-article/corporate-accountability-human-rights. Lorna Siggins, Once Upon a Time in the West: The Corrib Gas Controversy, Transworld, 2010. Joshua Curtis, ‘The ‘Economics of Necessity’, Human Rights and Ireland's Natural Resources’ 7 Irish Yearbook of International Law (2014), a

49、vailable at: Week 9: Accountability and Redress I: Civil litigation and complaints mechanisms (March 11) This week’s seminar considers the various avenues of accountability for holding businesses or their individual officers to account for actions contrary to human rights or humanitarian law an

50、d which might provide redress to victims of such abuses. We will explore the role of human rights bodies, post-conflict accountability mechanisms, such as truth commissions, and domestic civil litigation, such as that pursued under the United States Alien Tort Claims Act. Required Readings: Kiob

51、el v. Shell, United States Supreme Court, April 2013, available at: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/10-1491_l6gn.pdf Katherine Gallagher, ‘Civil Litigation and Transnational Business: An Alien Torts Statute Primer’ 8 Journal of International Criminal Justice 3 (2010) 745. Andrew Claph

52、am, Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors, Oxford University Press, 2006: Chapter 6: Corporations and Human Rights, 237-270. Report of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2003, Volume 6, Section 2, chapter 5, ‘Reparations and the Business Sector’, 140-155 (on blackboard).

53、 Further Readings: International Commission of Jurists: Final Report of the Expert Legal Panel on Corporate Complicity & Legal Accountability, Volume 3: ‘Civil Remedies’, September 2008 available at: http://www.icj.org/report-of-the-international-commission-of-jurists-expert-legal-panel-on-corpor

54、ate-complicity-in-international-crimes/. Robert McCorquodale and Penelope Simons, ‘Responsibility Beyond Borders: State Responsibility for Extraterritorial Violations by Corporations of International Human Rights Law’, 70 Modern Law Review (2007) 598. Week 10: Accountability and Redress II: Crimi

55、nal sanctions (March 18) This week will consider the role of criminal sanctions in the accountability process. It will consider the criminal responsibility of individuals as well as the corporation itself, looking at the role of international criminal law institutions and domestic legislation provi

56、ding for corporate criminal liability. Required Readings: Celia Wells and Juanita Elias, ‘Catching the Conscience of the King: Corporate Players on the International Stage’, in Philip Alston (ed.), Non-State Actors and Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 2005, 141-175. James Stewart, ‘The Tu

57、rn to Corporate Criminal Liability for International Crimes: Transcending the Alien Tort Statute’, 2014, available at: International Commission of Jurists: Final Report of the Expert Legal Panel on Corporate Complicity & Legal Accountability, Volume 2: ‘Criminal Law and International Crimes’, Sep

58、tember 2008, available at: http://www.icj.org/report-of-the-international-commission-of-jurists-expert-legal-panel-on-corporate-complicity-in-international-crimes/. Further Readings: William A. Schabas, ‘Enforcing international humanitarian law: Catching the Accomplices’, vol. 83 no. 842 Interna

59、tional Review of the Red Cross (2001) 439-460. Joanna Kyriakakis, ‘Corporations and the International Criminal Court: The Complementarity Objection Stripped Bare’, 19 Criminal Law Forum 1 (2008) 115. Anita Ramasastry, ‘Corporate Complicity: From Nuremberg to Rangoon: An Examination of Forced Labor

60、 Cases and Their impact on the Liability of Multinational Corporation’, 20 Berkeley J. Int'l L. (2002) 91. Week 11: Corporation Tax and Human Rights (March 25) The final class considers the growing linkages between taxation and human rights, in particular in the context of large-scale tax avoida

61、nce by multinational corporations. Required Reading International Bar Association, Tax Abuses, Poverty and Human Rights, 2013, Chapters 1 & 2, pp. 23-146, available at: http://www.ibanet.org/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=4a0cf930-a0d1-4784-8d09-f588dcddfea4. Further Reading: Save the Childr

62、en, Tackling tax and saving lives; Children, tax and financing for development, 2014, available at: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/Tackling_Tax_and_Saving_Lives.pdf Christian Aid, Who Pays the Price? Hunger: The Hidden Cost of Tax Injustice (2013) http://www.christianaid.org.uk/images/Who-pays-the-price-Hunger-the-hidden-cost-of-tax-injustice-May-2013.pdf. Week 12: Reading Week Shane Darcy | Business and Human Rights 1 | LW432 Page 8 of 8