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1、必修必修話題話題21科普知識(shí)科普知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)一、單詞識(shí)記一、單詞識(shí)記 1. _ n.宇宙宇宙; 世界世界2. _ n.受害者受害者3. _ n.附近附近; 鄰近鄰近4. _ adj. 嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)重的, 劇烈的劇烈的5. _ n.特征特征; 特性特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6. _ vt.照顧；出席；參加照顧；出席；參加7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使專(zhuān)心吸收；吸引；使專(zhuān)心8. _ vt.預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知9. _ adj.積極的；肯定的積極的；肯定的10. _ vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝打??；戰(zhàn)勝 n.失敗失敗defea

2、t attendabsorbforeseepositive11. _ n.治愈治愈 vt.治愈治愈12. _ n.柄；把手柄；把手vt.處理處理13. _ vt.懷疑懷疑 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯14. _ n.挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn) vt.挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)15. _ adj.熟練的熟練的 n.專(zhuān)家專(zhuān)家expertcurehandlesuspectchallenge二、單詞拓展二、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生單詞派生1. _ n. 科學(xué)科學(xué) _ n. 科學(xué)家科學(xué)家 _ adj. 科學(xué)的科學(xué)的2. _ vt. 分析分析 _ n. 分析分析 analysissciencescientistscientificanalyze3. _

3、 vt. 污染；弄臟污染；弄臟 _ adj. 受污染的受污染的 _ n. 污染污染pollute pollutedpollution4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教導(dǎo)命令；指示；教導(dǎo) _ n. 指示；教導(dǎo)指示；教導(dǎo)instructinstruction5. _ vt. 結(jié)束結(jié)束 _ n. 結(jié)束結(jié)束; 結(jié)論結(jié)論6. _ n. 小心小心; 謹(jǐn)慎謹(jǐn)慎 _ adj. 小心的小心的; 謹(jǐn)慎的謹(jǐn)慎的cautious concludeconclusioncaution(B)靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his the

4、ory.1. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)。形容詞作定語(yǔ)。2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名詞做賓語(yǔ)。名詞做賓語(yǔ)。scientificconclusion3. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)。形容詞作定語(yǔ)。4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of food.4. 名詞做主語(yǔ)。名詞做主語(yǔ)。5. Follow the _ (instruct)

5、when you operate the machine. 5. 名詞做賓語(yǔ)。名詞做賓語(yǔ)。pollutedanalysisinstructions1. _ 提出提出2. _ 講得通；有意義講得通；有意義3. _ 使顯露；暴露使顯露；暴露4. _ 將將和和聯(lián)系起來(lái)聯(lián)系起來(lái)三、短語(yǔ)翻譯三、短語(yǔ)翻譯 link .to . put forward make sense expose .to 5. _ 除除之外之外； 此外此外6. _ 對(duì)對(duì)嚴(yán)格嚴(yán)格7. _得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論8. _導(dǎo)致；引起導(dǎo)致；引起lead to apart from(be) strict withdraw a conclusion9.

6、 _ 失去控制失去控制10. _受責(zé)備受責(zé)備11. _ 在建設(shè)中在建設(shè)中12. _ 結(jié)束結(jié)束come to an endout of controlbe to blame be under construction 四、課文回顧四、課文回顧 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided

7、to defeat cholera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak. So birth exposed In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had

8、 drunk 5_ dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water. where the her 7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted

9、water was 8 _ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.With to blame be examined with 五、課文概要五、課文概要 以約以約30個(gè)詞概括課文內(nèi)個(gè)詞概括課文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。容要點(diǎn)。 John Snow, a famous doctor and expert, succeeded in defeating

10、King Cholera in a scientific way. Cholera was a deadly disease and had attacked London twice in the 1850s.重點(diǎn)詞匯講練重點(diǎn)詞匯講練1. cure vt. 治愈治愈; 矯正矯正n. 治愈治愈; 療療法；措施法；措施原句原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知人們既不知道它的病源道它的病源, 也不了解它的治療方也不了解它的治療方法。法。(B5P2)例句例句 Up till now, People have not found

11、 an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前為止到目前為止, 人們還沒(méi)有人們還沒(méi)有找到治療艾滋病的有效的方法。找到治療艾滋病的有效的方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某治好某人的人的(疾病、壞習(xí)慣等疾病、壞習(xí)慣等)a cure for . 治療治療的方法的方法/藥物藥物運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改掉使他改掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣這個(gè)習(xí)慣). The government is finding a cure _ the severe pollution. cure him

12、 of the habitfor原句原句 The second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二第二種看法是人們?cè)诔燥埖臅r(shí)候把這種看法是人們?cè)诔燥埖臅r(shí)候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(B5P2)2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引吸收；吸引(注意力注意力)例句例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收深色衣服容易吸收光線。光線。搭配搭配 be absorbed in全神貫全神貫注于注于, 專(zhuān)心致志于專(zhuān)心致

13、志于運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 完成下列句子完成下列句子。 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí), 他正聚精會(huì)神地看小說(shuō)他正聚精會(huì)神地看小說(shuō)。When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有用的東西用的東西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inreadingabsorb a lot of useful things3. be to blame (for sth.) (為某為某事事)應(yīng)受責(zé)備應(yīng)受責(zé)備/承擔(dān)責(zé)任承擔(dān)責(zé)任原句原句 It seemed that the water was to bl

14、ame. 看來(lái)水是看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?B5P2)例句例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生史密斯先生 要為事故負(fù)責(zé)。要為事故負(fù)責(zé)。搭配搭配 blame sb. for sth.為某事為某事責(zé)備某人責(zé)備某人運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 完成下列句子或填入一個(gè)恰完成下列句子或填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 我不怪你我不怪你, 我怪我自己。我怪我自己。I do not blame you, but I_ _ .myself blame 那次事故怪不得那次事故怪不得Tom, 畢竟他還是畢竟他還是個(gè)孩子。個(gè)孩子。Little Tom was not_ f

15、or the accident. After all, he is only a child. His mother blamed him _ his dishonesty.for to blame 4. put forward 提出提出; 提前提前; 被提名被提名原句原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰(shuí)提出關(guān)于黑洞的誰(shuí)提出關(guān)于黑洞的理論？理論？(B5P1)例句例句 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他總能提出一些有用的他總能提出一些有用的建議。建議。 We have to put t

16、he meeting forward by two weeks.(意思意思_ )Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented students should be placed in special classes. (意思意思_ )運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 說(shuō)出下列句中劃線部分的意思。說(shuō)出下列句中劃線部分的意思。 將將提前提前 提出建議提出建議 His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students Union. (意思意思_) 被推薦被推薦/提名提名原句原句 Apart from the cons

17、truction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), 你還學(xué)了下列詞組。你還學(xué)了下列詞組。(B5P4)例句例句 Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.5. apart from 除了除了用法用法 apart from是短語(yǔ)介詞是短語(yǔ)介詞, 既相既相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又相當(dāng)于又相當(dāng)于except (for)。

18、運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 用用besides，except，except for替代替代apart from。 Apart from the cost, time should also be considered.( _)Apart from=Besides (In addition to) Apart from a few mistakes, it is a good composition.( _ ) Apart from the ending, its really a good film. (_ )Apart from = Except (not including) Apart from =Exc

19、ept for 6. be strict with sb. (in sth.) (在某方面在某方面)對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求原句原句 I need to be strict with 我需我需要對(duì)要對(duì)要求嚴(yán)格要求嚴(yán)格(B5P6)例句例句 You must be strict with yourself in study.你在學(xué)習(xí)上要對(duì)自己你在學(xué)習(xí)上要對(duì)自己嚴(yán)格。嚴(yán)格。運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework. My mother is not only strict _

20、her work but also strict _ me. with withinin寫(xiě)作句型運(yùn)用寫(xiě)作句型運(yùn)用原句原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)有一位從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水, 每天都要派每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里。人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里。(B5P3)1. have sth. done 讓某人

21、干某事讓某人干某事; 遭遇某事遭遇某事例句例句 Youd better have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人來(lái)修機(jī)你最好明天找人來(lái)修機(jī)器。器。仿寫(xiě)仿寫(xiě) 把下列句子譯成英文。把下列句子譯成英文。 明天我要去理發(fā)。明天我要去理發(fā)。I will _. 爸爸幾天前去拔牙。爸爸幾天前去拔牙。My father _a few days ago. have my hair cut tomorrow had his tooth pulled原句原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system w

22、ith the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太陽(yáng)固定在太陽(yáng)系的他把太陽(yáng)固定在太陽(yáng)系的中心位置上中心位置上, 而行星則圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)而行星則圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn), 只有只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。(B5P7)2. with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例句例句 I cant fall a sleep with the baby crying. 嬰兒一直在哭嬰兒一直在哭, 我睡不著覺(jué)。我睡不著覺(jué)。仿寫(xiě)仿寫(xiě) 把下列句子譯成英文把下列句子譯成英文。 鳥(niǎo)兒在鳴叫鳥(niǎo)兒在鳴叫, 我們?cè)谏?/p>

23、林里愉快地散步我們?cè)谏掷镉淇斓厣⒉健e walked happily in the forest _ _. 還有很多作業(yè)要做還有很多作業(yè)要做, 我今晚不能和你去我今晚不能和你去看電影了看電影了。_, I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to dothe birds singingwith原句原句 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies

24、be examined.為了為了阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生, 約翰。斯諾建議所有約翰。斯諾建議所有的水源都要檢查。的水源都要檢查。3. suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建議某人做建議某人做某事某事例句例句 The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。仿寫(xiě)仿寫(xiě) 把下列句子譯成英文把下列句子譯成英文。 他建議我們工作后要好好休息他建議我們工作后要好好休息。_ after work. 她建議你去那里之前先打個(gè)電話她建議你去那里之前先打個(gè)電話。_ before you go ro

25、und there.She suggested (that) you (should) phoneHe suggested (that) we (should) have a good rest4. Only if+從句，倒裝從句，倒裝原句原句 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。清楚。例句例句 Only if you are i

26、n London can you realize its beauty.只有當(dāng)你只有當(dāng)你親身來(lái)到倫敦親身來(lái)到倫敦, 你才能體會(huì)到它的你才能體會(huì)到它的美。美。句型句型 Only 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)或副引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)詞或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí), 要倒裝。要倒裝。仿寫(xiě)仿寫(xiě) 把下列句子譯成英文。把下列句子譯成英文。 只有用這種方法你才能在這么短的時(shí)只有用這種方法你才能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成它。間內(nèi)完成它。Only in this way _ _. 只有當(dāng)你用心學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)只有當(dāng)你用心學(xué)習(xí)時(shí), 你才能取得大的你才能取得大的進(jìn)步。進(jìn)步。Only when you put your heart i

27、nto study _.will you make great progress can you finish it in sucha short time難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析原句原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女，她是從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的，有一位婦女，她是從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的，非常喜歡那里從水泵打上來(lái)的水，每非常喜歡那里從水泵打上來(lái)的水，每天都要派人去那

28、里運(yùn)水到她家里來(lái)。天都要派人去那里運(yùn)水到她家里來(lái)。(P2 B5)分析分析 本句主干是本句主干是A woman liked the water；who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)_從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明A woman；句型；句型so that中的中的that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；在這個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)從句；在這個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)句型句型have sth done，表示，表示“_”。請(qǐng)人做某事請(qǐng)人做某事非限制性定語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用1. 西蒙的語(yǔ)文老師對(duì)西蒙西蒙的語(yǔ)文老師對(duì)西蒙要求很?chē)?yán)格要求很?chē)?yán)格。1. Simons language teacher

29、 is very strict with him.2. 他經(jīng)常他經(jīng)常提出提出問(wèn)題讓西蒙回答。問(wèn)題讓西蒙回答。2. He often puts forward questions for Simon to answer.3. 除此之外除此之外, 他還他還建議建議西蒙要從課文西蒙要從課文得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論。3. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts.4. 西蒙在閱讀中西蒙在閱讀中吸收吸收了很多的知識(shí)。了很多的知識(shí)。4. Simon absorbs a lot of knowledge from read

30、ing.5. 西蒙西蒙讓他的同學(xué)幫他修改作文讓他的同學(xué)幫他修改作文, 并學(xué)習(xí)并學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)秀作文優(yōu)秀作文。Simon has his compositions checked by his classmates and learns from the good articles.6. 每次西蒙想放棄的時(shí)候每次西蒙想放棄的時(shí)候, 他總是鼓勵(lì)他他總是鼓勵(lì)他。Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him.7.只有只有當(dāng)他不放棄的時(shí)候當(dāng)他不放棄的時(shí)候, 他才能獲得他才能獲得成功成功。Only if he doesnt give up

31、can he succeed.8. 在老師的幫助下在老師的幫助下, 西蒙進(jìn)步很快西蒙進(jìn)步很快。With the help of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress.合并：合并： Simons language teacher is very strict with him and he often puts forward questions for Simon to answer. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts and in this w

32、ay, Simon absorbs great knowledge from reading. In addition, Simon has his compositions checked and learns from the good articles. Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him not to, because only in this way can he succeed. With the help of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress.Thank You !