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國(guó)內(nèi)工程起重機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與市場(chǎng)前景
一、 行業(yè)市場(chǎng)狀況
改革開(kāi)放20多年來(lái)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn)，國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)蓬勃發(fā)展，帶動(dòng)著國(guó)內(nèi)工程機(jī)械的 需求，推動(dòng)著工程機(jī)械的發(fā)展。工程起重機(jī)行業(yè)也同其它工程機(jī)械一樣得到長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。目前從行業(yè)2003年13家企業(yè)報(bào)表來(lái)看，1-6月份銷(xiāo)售量4600臺(tái)，比去年同期增長(zhǎng)50%以上，估計(jì)全年 將超過(guò)8000臺(tái)市場(chǎng)規(guī)模，各個(gè)企業(yè)都有不同程度的增長(zhǎng)。從起重機(jī)行業(yè)歷年來(lái)的銷(xiāo)售數(shù)據(jù)分析，以下四個(gè)特點(diǎn)十分明顯：
一是市場(chǎng)規(guī)模具有顯著的地域性，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)持續(xù)熱銷(xiāo)，落后地區(qū)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力則相對(duì)較 弱；二是中大噸位產(chǎn)品增長(zhǎng)迅速，16噸以上產(chǎn)品均有較大幅度增長(zhǎng)，今年上半年20噸級(jí)以上產(chǎn) 品增幅更是高達(dá)100%以上；三是行業(yè)發(fā)展與國(guó)家投資政策關(guān)聯(lián)率較大，周期變化受?chē)?guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā) 展影響明顯；四是用戶(hù)的不確定性和分散性，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前私人用戶(hù)占整體用戶(hù)的70%以上， 而且還有不斷增加的趨勢(shì)。可以預(yù)見(jiàn)在2002年大發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，今年又將取得突破性發(fā)展，體 現(xiàn)著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力和潛力。隨著國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整，各項(xiàng)措施的到位和落實(shí)及全民 共謀發(fā)展奔小康的強(qiáng)烈愿望，經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)必將走向快速健康發(fā)展之路，工程起重機(jī)及配套行業(yè)， 通過(guò)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的洗禮，也必將擺脫前幾年徘徊局面，進(jìn)入健康穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的新時(shí)期。 我國(guó)工程起重機(jī)行業(yè)面對(duì)新一輪挑戰(zhàn)
二、行業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展情況
工程起重機(jī)行業(yè)在94~99年是發(fā)展低谷，5年中行業(yè)幾個(gè)主要的生產(chǎn)廠家，苦練內(nèi)功，積極 組織產(chǎn)品變型和換代，在產(chǎn)品外觀上下功夫。從99年以來(lái)，隨經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)新一輪啟動(dòng)，工程起重 機(jī)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局發(fā)生巨大變化，各企業(yè)不斷調(diào)整思路、更新觀念、轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制、提高核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 力，努力開(kāi)發(fā)產(chǎn)品，開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)。產(chǎn)品重心也從8t、12t向16t、25t、50t中大噸位發(fā)展，25t增 速最快，產(chǎn)量不斷翻新，基本占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。50t產(chǎn)品由于需求面較廣，技術(shù)逐漸成熟，也大 批量進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)主要產(chǎn)品系列，汽車(chē)起重機(jī)為8t、12t、16t、20t、25t、35t、50t、 65t、80t、l00t，全地面起重機(jī)為25t、50t、125t、160t和履帶起重機(jī)為35t、50t、l00t、 150t。整體技術(shù)風(fēng)格是： 下車(chē)有全頭和半頭兩種不同風(fēng)格，多年來(lái)半頭車(chē)因總體布置的方便性及價(jià)格因素一直被廣 泛采用。但近年來(lái)隨著物質(zhì)條件的改善，人們的生活條件和質(zhì)量提高，操作方便、舒適、可靠 逐漸成為用戶(hù)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，中大噸位向全頭方向發(fā)展。 上車(chē)操縱從傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械操作向液比例和電液比例方向發(fā)展，起重吊臂也從傳統(tǒng)的三節(jié)向四節(jié)、五節(jié)方向發(fā)展，產(chǎn)品的起重性能和起重高度有了較大提高，產(chǎn)品的外觀和可靠性有了較大 幅度提高。 我國(guó)工程起重機(jī)市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)與對(duì)策分析
三、工程起重機(jī)行業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
國(guó)內(nèi)工程機(jī)械產(chǎn)品近十年來(lái)隨著技術(shù)的引進(jìn)、消化、吸收，有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，產(chǎn)品性能、
可靠性、外觀都有較大幅度的提高，但同國(guó)外工程機(jī)械比較來(lái)看，還存在較大差距，就工程起 重機(jī)而言，今后的發(fā)展主要表現(xiàn)在如下幾個(gè)方面：
l、整機(jī)性能：由于先進(jìn)技術(shù)和新材料的應(yīng)用，同種型號(hào)的產(chǎn)品，整機(jī)重量要輕20%左右。 隨著結(jié)構(gòu)分析應(yīng)用和先進(jìn)設(shè)備的使用，結(jié)構(gòu)形式更加合理：
2、高性能、高可靠性的配套件，選擇余地大、適應(yīng)性好,性能得到充分發(fā)揮；
3、電液比例控制系統(tǒng)和智能控制顯示系統(tǒng)的推廣應(yīng)用；
4、操作更方便、舒適、安全，保護(hù)裝置更加完善：
5、向吊重量大、起升高度、幅度更大的大噸位方向發(fā)展。加入世貿(mào)組織后，雖然國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)(特別是配套件)將受到較大沖擊，但同時(shí)也給我們帶來(lái)新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，使國(guó)內(nèi)主機(jī)和配套件企業(yè)更清晰認(rèn)識(shí)到差距，更多地了解國(guó)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品存在的致命問(wèn)題，必將引導(dǎo)主機(jī)和配套件企業(yè)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)進(jìn)步。徐工集團(tuán)重型廠和其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠家一樣準(zhǔn)備用3-5年時(shí)間進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，更新?lián)Q代，緊跟世界先進(jìn)技術(shù)，將自身發(fā)展和帶動(dòng)汽車(chē)起重
機(jī)整個(gè)制造行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步放在同等位置上，力求把起重機(jī)行業(yè)從低價(jià)格惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的狀態(tài)，帶 向高技術(shù)含量、高附加值的良性品牌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新時(shí)代，從而帶動(dòng)配套行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。起重機(jī)電氣控制技術(shù)未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
四、國(guó)外工程起重機(jī)配套件發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及應(yīng)用情況
國(guó)外工程起重機(jī)從整體情況分析，領(lǐng)先國(guó)內(nèi)10~20年(不同類(lèi)型產(chǎn)品有所不同)。隨著國(guó)外 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度趨于平穩(wěn)，工程起重機(jī)向智能、高性能、靈活、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、多功能方向發(fā)展。 25t以下基本上不生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品向高附加值、大噸位發(fā)展，如利勃海爾公司汽車(chē)起重機(jī)基本退出 市場(chǎng)，目前市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品為全地面起重機(jī)，最小噸位是35t，而80t和160t是主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品；格魯夫 公司：主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品是全地面起重機(jī)和輪胎起重機(jī)，最小噸位是25t；多田野公司：汽車(chē)起重機(jī)只 占20%，主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品是全地面起重機(jī)和輪胎起重機(jī)，最小噸位16t。因此行業(yè)配套也與國(guó)內(nèi)有所不同：
1、下車(chē)主要是300kW以上柴油大功率發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，與之配套的液力變矩器和自動(dòng)換檔變速箱、12噸級(jí)驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向橋及越野輪胎。
2、上車(chē)：高強(qiáng)度材料、大扭矩的起升機(jī)構(gòu)、回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、回轉(zhuǎn)支承。
3、液壓系統(tǒng)：變量泵、變量馬達(dá)、電磁換向先導(dǎo)閥及主閥、平衡閥、懸掛系統(tǒng)閥、液壓
鎖、液壓缸及管路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配套件。
4、智能控制系統(tǒng)：力限器顯示控制、記憶通訊及單缸順序伸縮自動(dòng)控制。由于國(guó)外工程機(jī)械起步較早，形成了成熟的配套件體系。如力士樂(lè)的泵馬達(dá)、閥、起升、回轉(zhuǎn)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)；貝林格的主閥、先導(dǎo)閥、平衡閥；哈威的主閥、先導(dǎo)閥、平衡閥；ZF的變速箱、分動(dòng)箱；凱斯蘭的橋；PAT的力限器等等。配套廠能與主機(jī)廠協(xié)作密切，聯(lián)合開(kāi)發(fā)，再加上主機(jī)廠家的專(zhuān)有技術(shù)，能形成很強(qiáng)的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，能夠保證主機(jī)性能的發(fā)揮和可靠性的提高。多家外國(guó)廠商看好中國(guó)塔式起重機(jī)市場(chǎng)全球起重機(jī)巨頭力圖搶占中國(guó)市場(chǎng)份額國(guó)內(nèi)外隨車(chē)起重機(jī)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
五、主機(jī)產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)對(duì)配套產(chǎn)品的總體要求及關(guān)鍵零部件的發(fā)展
(一)產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)對(duì)配套產(chǎn)品總體要求
主機(jī)廠家產(chǎn)品技術(shù)水平和檔次的提高，一方面依賴(lài)主機(jī)廠產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步，另一個(gè)重要方面就是配套行業(yè)整體水平的提高和質(zhì)量的保證?？己四骋划a(chǎn)品兩項(xiàng)最重要的指標(biāo)就是性能和可靠性，性能的高低是以可靠性作基礎(chǔ)的，沒(méi)有可靠性的保證，高性能是不能成立的。因此產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)首當(dāng)其中的要考慮產(chǎn)品可靠性，在滿(mǎn)足可靠性的前提下，不斷提高產(chǎn)品性能，不斷使產(chǎn)品升級(jí)換代，這就要求配套廠家時(shí)刻與主機(jī)廠保持同步，隨時(shí)了解企業(yè)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量可靠情況，多聽(tīng)最終用戶(hù)呼聲和要求，加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制，及時(shí)掌握主機(jī)廠家產(chǎn)品性能的總體要求，加強(qiáng)溝通和服務(wù)，這樣才能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)和用戶(hù)，才能與主機(jī)廠一起開(kāi)發(fā)新品，開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)，以達(dá)到共贏的目的?？v觀世界工程機(jī)械行業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，可以明顯感覺(jué)到目前歐美配套的液壓件、傳動(dòng)件等零部件大公司，其產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)不僅僅局限于零部件的研究，而是注重整機(jī)系統(tǒng)的匹配。在推銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品的同時(shí)，給主機(jī)廠匹配系統(tǒng)，非常了解行業(yè)的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，能與主機(jī)廠一起研究用戶(hù)的需求，不僅功能上滿(mǎn)足要求，還在系統(tǒng)的微動(dòng)性和平順性上給主機(jī)廠提供保證，使產(chǎn)品發(fā)展能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自動(dòng)化平穩(wěn)操作，極大地提高產(chǎn)品性能和舒適性，提高產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)大部分配套廠家只注意主機(jī)廠功能要求，對(duì)性能和可靠性關(guān)注較少，雖然主機(jī)廠積極引導(dǎo)，在新品開(kāi)發(fā)和老品改進(jìn)上仍難滿(mǎn)足要求，高技術(shù)含量、高附加值的產(chǎn)品仍主要依賴(lài)進(jìn)口，這就要求配套廠家加大新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)力度，加大投入，加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量攻關(guān)，提高產(chǎn)品可靠性，及時(shí)研究市場(chǎng)需求的變化，使企業(yè)與市場(chǎng)同步，這樣才能贏得客戶(hù)，企業(yè)才能健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。近幾年起重機(jī)行業(yè)液壓控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展已從單一的機(jī)械操作方式向液壓先導(dǎo)、電液比例控制、自動(dòng)控制集成顯示的方向發(fā)展，配套廠家應(yīng)積極研究這種變化，努力開(kāi)發(fā)出適合中國(guó)國(guó)情 的產(chǎn)品，使企業(yè)與整個(gè)行業(yè)發(fā)展同步。
(二)配套產(chǎn)品主要存在的問(wèn)題
從目前產(chǎn)品配套情況和市場(chǎng)反饋信息表明，外配套件存在大量問(wèn)題其中質(zhì)量和可靠性問(wèn)題
占問(wèn)題反饋的比例非常高，而且廠家反應(yīng)慢，整改效果不明顯，對(duì)整機(jī)銷(xiāo)售的服務(wù)造成巨大壓力，也為主機(jī)廠技術(shù)服務(wù)出很多難題，嚴(yán)重制約著市場(chǎng)的開(kāi)拓和新產(chǎn)品快速成長(zhǎng)的步伐。
主要存在的問(wèn)題是：
液壓缸、閥，鎖類(lèi)：漏油、內(nèi)泄、異響；
機(jī)構(gòu)類(lèi)：漏油、異響、操作不便、不可靠；
橋箱類(lèi)：漏油、漏氣、斷齒、操作不靈；
電器元件：接觸不良、易燒、失靈；
兩室及外觀件：漏水、焊縫開(kāi)裂、密封老化脫落等。
主要原因分析：
1、技術(shù)水平落后，設(shè)備不能滿(mǎn)足加工要求，突出表現(xiàn)在零件的平面度、光潔度及軸線(xiàn)的
垂直度達(dá)不到設(shè)計(jì)要求；
2、產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)滯后，不能迅速形成換代產(chǎn)品；
3、觀念落后，指導(dǎo)思想不能滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)烈需求；
4、服務(wù)意識(shí)淡薄，不能直接面對(duì)用戶(hù)，不能完全進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)；
5、控制手段不全，責(zé)任意識(shí)不強(qiáng)，質(zhì)保體系不能有效發(fā)揮。
(三)配套廠家應(yīng)采取的措施和方法
根據(jù)多年新產(chǎn)品試制經(jīng)驗(yàn)和市場(chǎng)反饋分析表明，絕大多數(shù)問(wèn)題是配套件引起的，主機(jī)廠自制件突出的是外觀問(wèn)題，性能基本可以滿(mǎn)足要求。因此在以后的工作中，主機(jī)廠在加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品細(xì) 化設(shè)計(jì)，提高制造裝配技術(shù)水平的同時(shí)，要求配套廠應(yīng)重視以下幾個(gè)方面的工作，以便降低反 饋率，大力提高產(chǎn)品的性能和實(shí)物質(zhì)量。
1、轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，把傳統(tǒng)的滿(mǎn)足功能要求轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫o隨主機(jī)廠，提高可靠性和性能方面來(lái)：
2、加快技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)品進(jìn)步，不要有依賴(lài)主機(jī)廠的思想，積極引進(jìn)人才，不斷開(kāi)發(fā)出市
場(chǎng)需求的、質(zhì)量可靠的產(chǎn)品，推動(dòng)起重機(jī)行業(yè)的良性發(fā)展，在這方面可以進(jìn)行合作開(kāi)發(fā)，提供一些專(zhuān)有配套技術(shù)產(chǎn)品；
3、加快技術(shù)改造，提升自身的制造能力，新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)不能直接整機(jī)裝配試驗(yàn)，問(wèn)題不能
在整機(jī)上暴露，這樣會(huì)降低產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)成功率，延誤進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的良機(jī)，這些工作應(yīng)在試驗(yàn)臺(tái)完
成，批量產(chǎn)品的試驗(yàn)、調(diào)整應(yīng)在試驗(yàn)臺(tái)嚴(yán)格調(diào)試、嚴(yán)格控制、嚴(yán)格把關(guān)，不能寄希望主機(jī)廠發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題后再改；
4、提高零部件加工精度和光潔度，嚴(yán)格裝配工藝規(guī)范，加強(qiáng)責(zé)任意識(shí)和質(zhì)量意識(shí)教育。
關(guān)鍵的零部件采用進(jìn)口件，提高產(chǎn)品的清潔度；
5、加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)售后服務(wù)(不能只限于主機(jī)廠，還要到產(chǎn)品最終用戶(hù)去服務(wù))，了解最終
用戶(hù)要求，滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)需求，只有直接面對(duì)用戶(hù)，才能了解真實(shí)信息，才能有壓力和動(dòng)力，產(chǎn)品性能和實(shí)物質(zhì)量才能提高。
總之，行業(yè)和發(fā)展要靠大家的共同努力，堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新發(fā)展主題，本著誠(chéng)信共贏的原則，實(shí)現(xiàn)我們參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的美好遠(yuǎn)景。
翻譯：
China Construction Crane and the development trend of the pre-market
First, industry market conditions
Reform and opening up over the past 20 years, the national economy by leaps and bounds, national infrastructure development boom, driven in domestic demand for construction machinery, engineering machinery to promote the development. Crane also works with other industries, like construction machinery have developed by leaps and bounds. Currently industry in 2003 from 13 enterprises statements of the 1-June sales of 4,600 units over the same period last year more than 50 per cent, it is estimated that more than 8,000 Taiwan will be the year the size of the market, various companies have different degrees of growth. Crane industry over the years from sales of data analysis, the following four characteristics is very clear:
???? First, the size of the market with significant regional, economic developed areas continued hot, backward areas of purchasing power is relatively weak; second is the rapid growth of large-tonnage products, 16 tons or more products have a big increase, the first half of this year 20-ton increase over product is as high as 100 percent above the third is the development of industries associated with the national rate of greater investment policy, periodic changes affect significantly the development of the national economy; Fourth, users of uncertainty and dispersion According to statistics, At present private users total more than 70 percent of users, but also the increasing trend. It can be foreseen in the 2002 large-scale development on the basis of this year will achieve a breakthrough development, reflects the strong driving force for national economic development and potential. With the adjustment of national development strategies, the measures in place and implement all the people and seek common development and the strong desire of fairly well-off, economic construction is bound to rapid and healthy development, engineering cranes and supporting industries, through the baptism of market competition, will also A few years ago to shake off lingering situation, access to health steady development of the new era. China Construction Crane industry faced a new round of challenges
Second, industry product development
??? Construction Crane industry in the 94 to 99 is the development of low ebb, the five-year industry in several major manufacturers, bitter Liannei Gong, and actively organize and updating of product variations in product appearance on. From 99 since, with the launch a new round of economic construction, engineering crane market competition has seen tremendous changes, companies constantly adjust ideas, new concepts and mechanisms to enhance core competitiveness, product development efforts and open up the market. Product focus from 8 t, 12t to 16 t, 25t, 50t development of the Chinese University of tonnage, 25 t the fastest growth rate of output constant renovation, basic hold the leading position. 50t products due to demand broader, technology matured, but also in large quantities to enter the market. At present domestic product family, truck crane to 8 t, 12t, 16t, 20t, 25t, 35t, 50t, 65t, 80t, l00t, the whole ground crane for 25 t, 50t, 125t, 160t and cranes to 35 t, 50t, l00t, 150t. Overall technical style is: get off a full head and the first half of two different styles, semi-trucks over the years due to the overall layout of the convenience and price factor has been widely used. But in recent years with improvements in material conditions, people's living conditions and to improve the quality, convenient, comfortable, reliable gradually become the focus of attention of users, the first large-tonnage to the whole direction of development. On the train from the manipulation of the traditional mechanical operation of proportion to the ratio of electric and develop in the direction of lifting the crane from the traditional three to four, five direction of development, product performance and lifting the lifting height have been greatly improved , Product reliability and the appearance of a more substantial increase. China Construction Crane analysis of market trends and countermeasures
Third, engineering industries and technological development trend of cranes
???? Domestic construction machinery products over the past 10 years as the technology introduction, digestion and absorption, has made great progress in product performance,
Reliability, appearance has greatly increased, compared with foreign construction machinery, there are still a wide gap between the crane project, the future development mainly in the following areas:
???? l,performance: As advanced technology and the application of new materials, the same types of products with two light weight to about 20 percent. With the application of structural analysis and the use of advanced equipment, a more rational structure:
???? 2, high-performance, high reliability, the matching pieces, choice, adaptability, and performance are brought into full play;
3, the proportion of electro-hydraulic control systems and intelligent control system showed that the popularization and application;
4, operation more convenient, comfortable, safe and protective equipment more perfect:
5, to hoist the weight, lifting height, the greater rate of large tonnage direction. After joining the WTO, although the domestic market (especially the supporting pieces) will be larger impact, but also bring us new technology applications, mainframe and supporting domestic enterprises were more clearly aware of the gap, to learn more about China-made products there fatal problems, will guide the host of enterprises and supporting the technological innovation and technological progress. Xugong Group of heavy plant and other competitive manufacturers like to use three to five years to develop new products, upgrading, keeping up with the world's advanced technologies, will lead its own development and car lifting
For the entire manufacturing industries technological progress on the same location, to the crane industry in vicious competition from low-price state, with the high-tech content and high added value of healthy competition in the brand new era, thus supporting the healthy development of industry. Crane electrical control the future development trend of technology
Fourth, foreign works crane supporting the trend of development and application of
??? Crane foreign works from the overall situation analysis, the leading domestic 10 to 20 (different types of products vary). As foreign economic growth rate has stabilized, engineering crane to the smart, high-performance, flexible, adaptable, multi-functional direction. 25t following basically does not produce, to the high value-added products, development of large tonnage, such as company car Liebherr cranes basic withdraw from the market, the current market-driven products for the whole ground crane, the minimum tonnage is 35 t, and 80 t and 160 t is the dominant product; grid Lu Fu Company: leading products is the ground crane and tire cranes, the minimum tonnage is 25 t; TADANO Company: truck crane only 20 percent, leading products is the ground crane and tire cranes, the minimum tonnage of 16 t. And therefore also supporting the domestic industry is different:
??? 1, get off is more than 300 kW high-power diesel engines and its accompanying torque converter and automatic transmission gearbox, 12-ton drive to the bridge and cross-country tires.
??? 2, on the train: high-strength materials, high torque or from the agencies, Rotary, Rotary support.
??? 3, hydraulic system: the variable pump, variable motor, electromagnetic valve for the pilot and the main valve, balance valve, the suspension system valves, hydraulic
Lock, hydraulic cylinder and standard-parts pipeline.
??? 4, intelligent control system: control of the limited display, memory and communication order telescopic single-cylinder automatic control. As foreign construction machinery started earlier and formed a maturity of the matching system. Rexroth as the pump motors, valves, lifting, rotating, walking; Beling the main valve, the pilot valve, balance valve; Hawe the main valve, the pilot valve, balance valve; ZF's transmission, transfer case ; Kai Silan bridge; PAT force limiter, and so on. Ancillary works in close collaboration with Zhuji Chang, joint development, coupled with the manufacturers of proprietary mainframe technology, can form a strong core competitive edge, to ensure that a host of performance and reliability of the increase. Many foreign firms were optimistic about China tower crane market global giant crane trying to seize market share, domestic and foreign lorry crane status quo and development trend
5, host of ancillary product development products and the general requirements for the development of key parts and components
???? (A) product development to overall requirements for supporting products
???? Console manufacturers technical level and grades of products increased reliance on the one hand, Zhu Jichang product development, technological progress, is another important aspect of supporting industries and raise the overall level of quality assurance. Two appraisal of a product is the most important indicators of performance and reliability, performance, the level of reliability as a basis, with no guarantee of reliability, high-performance can not be established. So when the first product development to be considered one of reliability, to meet the reliability of the premise and continuously improve product performance, and constantly upgrading their products, which requires matching Zhuji Chang manufacturers to keep pace with the times, be kept informed of their products Reliable quality, end-users to listen to voices and demands, strengthen quality control, console manufacturers make the best of the general requirements for product performance, enhance communication and services, in order to adapt to the market and users can Zhuji Chang together with the development of new products, open up markets, To achieve the objective of a win-win situation. Throughout the construction machinery industry development, can clearly feel that the current Europe and the United States of supporting the hydraulic, transmission and other parts of large companies, their product development is not limited to parts of the study, but rather focus onthe match. At the same time in the marketing of products to Zhuji Chang matching system, is well aware of the development of the industry dynamics, together with Zhu Jichang on the user's needs, not only meet the functional requirements of the system is still fretting and ride on to provide Zhuji Chang Assurance that product development to achieve a smooth automated operation, greatly improve the performance and comfort, improve product competitiveness. Currently, most domestic manufacturers only supporting the attention of Zhuji Chang functional requirements, the performance and reliability of less concern, although Zhu Jichang positive guidance, in new product development and improvement of old goods on sentiment and meet the requirements of high-tech content, high value-added Products still rely mainly on imports, which requires supporting manufacturers intensify efforts to develop new products, increase investment, enhance product quality research, improve product reliability and timely study of changes in market demand, so that enterprises and the market simultaneously, in order to win customers, In a sound and sustainable development of enterprises. Hydraulic crane industry in recent years the development of control technology from a single hydraulic machinery operation to the pilot, electro-hydraulic proportional control, automatic control the direction of the development of integrated display, supporting manufacturers should actively explore such changes, efforts to develop suitable for China Conditions of products, enterprises and the development of the entire industry simultaneously.
???? (B) products are supporting the existing problems
Judging from the current situation and market products supporting feedback shows that there are a lot of ancillary problems of quality and reliability of these issues
The proportion of the problem feedback is very high, and manufacturers respond slowly, rectification and reform ineffective, the sale of services tremendous pressure, but also Zhuji Chang technical services to many problems, seriously restricting the development of the market and the fast-growing new products Pace.
The main question is:
Hydraulic cylinders, valves, Locks: oil spills, within China, abnormal sound;
Agencies categories: oil spills, abnormal sound, operation inconvenience, not reliable;
Bridge me categories: oil spills, leakage, broken teeth, the operation failed;
Electrical components: connection is bad and easy to burn, failure;
Liang Shi and appearance of: water leakage, weld cracks, sealing the aging, such as shedding.
Analysis of main reasons:
1, backward technology, processing equipment can not meet the requirements highlighted in parts of the plane, and finish the axis
Vertical amount less than the design requirements;
2, product development lags behind, can not be quickly formed and updating of products;
3, the concept behind, guiding ideology can not meet the strong market demand;
4, have a weak sense of service, can not directly face the user, can not enter the market;
5, control means incomplete, sense of responsibility not strong, and can not play an effective quality assurance system.
(C) supporting measures to be taken by the manufacturers and methods
??? Preparation of new products based on years of experience and market feedback analysis shows that the vast majority of the problem is caused by matching pieces, Zhuji Chang made of prominent is the issue of appearance, performance, to meet the basic requirements. Therefore, in future work, Zhuji Chang refined products designed to strengthen and improve the technological level of manufacturing assembly at the same time, the plant should attach importance to supporting demands the following aspects of work, so as to reduce the response rate, greatly improve the performance and in-kind product quality.
??? 1, changing concepts, the traditional meet the functional requirements for the following changes in Zhuji Chang, improve reliability and performance to:
??? 2, to accelerate technological innovation and product improvement, without relying on the idea of Zhuji Chang, the positive introduction of talent, and continuously develop the city
Market demand, quality and reliable products, and promote the healthy development of a crane industry in this area can cooperate in the development, with some supporting proprietary technology products;
??? 3, speed up technological innovation, and enhance its own manufacturing capacity, the development of new products can not directly testassembly, the problem can not be
Inon the exposed, this will reduce the rate of successful product development, delays in market access opportunities, such work should be test-bed End
10% of the bulk product testing, adjustments should be strictly in the test bed debugging, strict control, strict control and can not pin hope Zhuji Chang later found to the problem;
??? 4, improving accuracy and finish processing components, the assembly process stri