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鹽城電大畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 2006
雙筋蹄組合機(jī)床的夾具設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要：夾具主要依據(jù)零件的加工要求來設(shè)計(jì)的。夾具應(yīng)滿足零件加工工序的精度要求、加工生產(chǎn)率要求，并保證操作方便、安全及使用壽命和較低的夾具制造成本。本課題加工的零件是焊接件，總體呈拱形，兩端分別有直徑為20mm和30mm的孔，拱形的外緣有一高為100mm的肋板。零件的加工精度要求較低。
根據(jù)六點(diǎn)定位原理和定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇原則，采用長V型塊，支承塊和定位擋鐵定位。長V型塊置于拱形肋板后限制x軸的兩自由度和z軸的兩自由度，擋鐵置于孔端限制繞y軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的自由度，支承塊置于肋板下方限制沿y軸移動的自由度。依據(jù)相關(guān)原理計(jì)算定位誤差。根據(jù)夾緊方式的選擇原則選擇夾緊元件為壓板壓頭和V型塊，然后通過切削力進(jìn)行夾緊力的計(jì)算。夾緊的動力裝置選用液壓裝置。按照定位元件和夾緊元件設(shè)計(jì)連接件。因?yàn)榈稐U較短，所以在本課題中導(dǎo)向元件設(shè)計(jì)就不作要求。然后進(jìn)行其它元件和裝置的設(shè)計(jì)。
根據(jù)以上元件和裝置確定夾具總體布局和夾具體的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，并處理好定位元件在夾具體上的位置。繪制夾具方案設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行工序精度分析。對以上設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行審核。最后設(shè)計(jì)夾具總裝配圖。
關(guān)鍵詞：夾具; 定位; 夾緊; 組合機(jī)床。
The design of the jig of double rebars and feet of modular machine
Abstract: The jig design is based on the request of parts working . the jig should satisfy the request of mading procedure precision , the processing productivity, and guarantee ease of operation, security ,service life and low production cost. This parts are the weldment in this task, the whole parts with two holes lying in head and foot whose the diameter respectively are 20mm and the 30mm assume the arch, the arch outflow boundary has a ribbed plate whose height is the 100mm. The parts processing precision is low.
According to six localizations principles and selection principle of the localization datum, using the long V block, the supporting block and the localization comes true the hard localization. The long V block putted in the arch ribbed plate to limit two degrees of freedom in x axis and the z axes two degrees of freedom, the iron putted in the hole end limit to the degree of freedom which circle the y rotation of axis, the supporting block putted under the ribbed plate to limit degree of freedom along the y axis migration. position error is reckoned by the correlation principle . According to the way of the selection principle , discharge head and V block is selected to clamp the part .Then Computation of the strength is achieved by carrying on through the cutting force clamps . The power of clamps is from the hydraulic unit. Design of bridge piece is according to the location part and the clamp part. The guide part designing in this topic is not requested because the cutter bar is short. Other parts and equipment is designed following last process.
The jig overall arrargement and concrete structure of the body clamp is determined with the above part and the equipment. The position of the components in the kits specific location must be guaranteed ,and then design the jig , carry on the working procedure precision analysis. The design review is following. Finally the jig assembly drawing is achieved.
Keywords: jig ; location; clamp; modular machine tool.
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書
課題：雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)
專 業(yè)
學(xué) 生 姓 名
班 級
學(xué) 號
指 導(dǎo) 教 師
發(fā) 放 日 期
一、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容
課題來源于江蘇高精機(jī)床有限公司。
對雙筋蹄零件鏜鉸孔加工組合機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)。要求保證孔的尺寸精度和孔的粗糙
度要求，設(shè)計(jì)一副兩件雙面加工鏜鉸夾具，要求定位合理，裝夾可靠、方便。
二、設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)
雙筋蹄鏜鉸機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)，需要解決的問題主要有：限制零件的自由度，確保定
位可靠，保證零件的定位精度；設(shè)計(jì)動力驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)，確定構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)合理、
裝卸方便，能有效地提高生產(chǎn)效率。并對夾緊裝置進(jìn)行剛度校核等。
三、技術(shù)要求
1、應(yīng)能滿足加工要求，保證加工精度；
2、機(jī)床應(yīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)，工作可靠，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；
3、裝卸方便，便于維修、調(diào)整；
4、盡量使用通用件，以便降低制造成本；
四、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)物化成果的具體內(nèi)容及要求
1、設(shè)計(jì)說明書1份，達(dá)1萬字以上，且要符合規(guī)范要求；
2、設(shè)計(jì)圖樣全部用AutoCAD繪制，總的繪圖量達(dá)3張A0以上；手工繪圖一張；
3、具體設(shè)計(jì)的圖樣有：機(jī)床夾具裝配總圖、夾具體圖以及主要零件圖；
4、有關(guān)計(jì)算、校核。
五、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃
起訖日期
工作內(nèi)容
備 注
布置任務(wù)
下達(dá)任務(wù)書
調(diào)查研究，收集資料，熟悉課題,畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)
總體設(shè)計(jì)，方案論證
部件、零件設(shè)計(jì)階段
編寫說明書
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)答辯
修改整理
復(fù)查材料
評閱
畢業(yè)答辯
材料整理裝袋
六、主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1] 大連組合機(jī)床研究所.組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)第一冊[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1975．
[2] 金振華.組合機(jī)床及其調(diào)整與使用[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1990．
[3] 徐英南.組合機(jī)床及其自動線的使用與調(diào)整[M]．北京：勞動人事出版社，1987．
[4] 大連組合機(jī)床研究所.機(jī)械工程手冊第62篇[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1980．
[5] 孟少農(nóng).機(jī)械加工工藝手冊第3卷[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1992．
[6] 范國清.組合機(jī)床通用部件專輯[M]．大連：大連組合機(jī)床研究所
[7] 沈陽工學(xué)院.組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)[M]．上海：上海科技出版社,1985．
[8] 大連組合機(jī)床研究所.組合機(jī)床[M]．1980年～1986年．《組合機(jī)床與自動化加工技術(shù)》1987～1992．
[9] 黃鶴汀.金屬切削機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)[M]．上海：上?？萍嘉墨I(xiàn)出版社，1986．
[10] 顧維邦.金屬切削機(jī)床（下冊）[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1984．
[11] 李天無.簡明機(jī)械工程師手冊（上冊）[M]．昆明：云南科技出版社，1988．
[12] 李鐵堯.金屬切削機(jī)床[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1990．
[13] 黃少昌.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)[M]．清華大學(xué)出版社，1988．
[14] 王隆太.基于PC微機(jī)對多軸箱輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)BOXCAD的開發(fā)研究[M]．機(jī)床．1990．
[15] 李元奇.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)多孔鉆主軸箱[M]．機(jī)械工業(yè)自動化．1983．（4）
[16] 姚永明.非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)[M]．上海：上海交通大學(xué)出版社，1999
七、其他
4
附錄
附錄1
英文原文
Combine tool machine a slippery pedestal the research of the dynamic state characteristic
【Summary】this text make use of power key to match diagram and appearance space analyticalthe method hurtle and exercise a steady sex problem to carry on analysis and study towards combining tool machine slip pedestal of ex-ly, the liquid which builds up a slippery pedestalpresses to drive system a from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon dynamic statemathematics model of system.Pass a calculator numeral to imitate really, hurtle and exercise notsteady reason and main impact factor before analyzing a slippery pedestal a creation.From in get, if reasonably design a liquid to press an urn with from adjust to carry on the back to press toadjust structure size of press the valve, can make the dynamic state characteristic of slipperypedestal shown a Zhao improvement.
One, preface
Combine a tool machine work in, the varieties which slip a size of sport speed and direction andthe load bear all influence degree differently it work function.Especially in the work enter theprocess.Slippery the on the stage load of suddenly disappear causable of ex- hurtle and load ofthe period variety cause of the sport gravamen be steady, all is processed the surface quality ofpiece the influence, severity hour will cause the knife break.Request according to tool machinefactory in Dalian, the author adopts power key to match diagram and the analytical method establishment of the appearance space to combine the new liquid that the tool machine slips apedestal to press to drive system a from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon dynamic state mathematics model of system.Pass a calculator numeral to imitate really and study.Analytical slippery the pedestal produce ago hurtle and exercise not steady reason and main impact factor, in order to improvement slippery the dynamic state characteristic of pedestal.
Two, dynamic state mathematics model
The liquid which combines tool machine to slip a pedestal presses to drive system a from adjustto carry on the back to press to adjust soon the work principle diagram of system,such as diagram I, to show.That system is the work circulation which uses to complete "the work enter a stop a back quickly".When slippery pedestal work enter, 34 change to be placed in diagram to show a right toward the valve, the oil pump of provide hydraulic-pneumatic dint under thefunction which over flows valve look like ground to keep Heng settle, the oil's liquid flows through to change toward the valve and adjust soon valve juniors into the oil urn of have no a pole chamber, push slippery the set be left shift;In the meantime, oil urn the pressure oil that if there is pole chamber, eject through from adjust to carry on the back to press valve and change to flow to return to fuel tank toward the valve.In this process, two one-way valves with overflowed to flow valve and always don't change original work appearance.Object that system so of complications not line system, for the sake of easy to study its dynamic state characteristic, build up a reasonable simple dynamic state mathematics model which only emphasizes to consider main impact factor is particularly important[1][2].Know from the theories the analysis with experiment the research:That system of process time be soon that the process which is far larger than to adjust valve is soonhorary, oil urn have no the pole chamber effectively accepts to press area very greatly, adjust soon valve export discharge of super adjust a reflection in a moment is slippery pedestal sport speed of the variety be pimping[2].For openning widely and going deep into dynamic state characteristic of study the system, make research work can on the microcomputer availably carry on, this text to original model[2] do further simplification, on thesupposition that adjust soon the valve outputs in the whole transition process of system Hengsettle of discharge, treat it as to flow a source.So, the structure sketch plan of the dynamic state model of system such as figure 2 show, it from oil urn, slippery set, carry on the back to press valve and unite connector's road's etc. to constitute from the Diao.This text in use of sign asfollows:
S 1-flow a source, then adjust soon valve export discharge;
Sel-the slippery set glide friction
Sel-the slippery set glide friction
C5, C6-the etc. effect liquid of tube road permit:
R5, R7-take care of an etc. of road effect liquid Zu;
V3, the V4-oil urn has no pole chamber and has a pole chamber the contents to accumulate;
P3, the pressure which have no pole chamber and have a pole chamber of the P4-oil urn
F-the slippery set bear a load,
V-slip a pedestal sport speed.The this literary grace hard working rate key matches diagram and appearance space to fold a method establishment sport mathematics model of the system for cent.
Power key's matching diagram is an effect to flow diagram, it is the energy which presses system to deliver a way, take actual structure as foundation, the function which uses concentration parameter the of sub- system relates to an abstract earth's surface to show for the Zu a dollar Rand permits sex dollar C and sensitive faculty dollar I of three kinds of function dollar.Adopt thiskind of method sets up a mold physical concept clear, combine the appearance space analysis method can compare to accurately describe with analysis line system, that method is in the hour the area study complications the line system dynamic state characteristic not of a kind of valid of method.
According to from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon the main characteristic ofeach component of system and set up mold rule[1], get figure 3 show of the power key of system match diagram.Each half arrowhead on the key in diagram means that the power fly to, 2 which constitute power change the quantity be a dint to change to measure(hydraulic-pneumatic P or function dint F) and flow to change to measure(discharge q or speed v).O crunode means in the system to belong to merge a conjunction, each dint of key changes to measure equality but flows to change to measure it with is zero;1 crunodes mean in the system to belong to establish a conjunction, each key is upper-class to change to measure equality but dint to change to measure it with is zero.TF means a different energy form the transformation machine of, the TF bottom mark of the letter of alphabet mean that the dint changes to measure or flows to change to measure of conversion specific value.The short and horizontal Gang of key means that key ascend two change the cause and effect between quantities relate to.The whole arrowheadses mean a control relation.Permit the dint of sex dollar and sensitive faculty dollar to change to measure in three kinds of function dollar and flow to change to measure it have integral calculus or differential calculus relation, therefore, according to figure 3 can deduce to submit to havenine complications that the appearances change to measure not the line appearance square distance.This text to slippery pedestal the research of the dynamic state characteristic from slippery pedestal of ex- hurtle and exercise steady sex both side to commence, use four ranks certainly tread long Runge-Kutta method at IBM-PC microcomputer up carry on numeral to imitate really, imitate a true result to distinguish such as figure 4 with figure 5 show. Three, slip to hurtle before the pedestal Slippery before the pedestal hurtle phenomenon is what function at slip the load of on the stage suddenly disappeared( if drilled to deeply work circumstance) cause.In this process, the variety which slips two chamber pressure P3s and P4 of the load F, sport speed V, oil urn of pedestal can from the figure 4 imitate true result see.When the slippery pedestal evenly and soon exercises under the function of the load, the oil urn has no pole chamber oil liquid pressure higher.It came together a great deal of energy in the oil liquid.While loading to suddenly disappear, that chamber is hydraulic-pneumatic to immediately and quickly lower, the oil liquid turns into the process of low-pressure Tai toward system to release a lot of energies from the high pressure Tai and cause slippery pedestal the high speed pounds at forward.However, slip a pedestal of ex- hurtle to make an oil urn to have a pole chamber the oil liquid is press to cause to carry on the back to press to go up, thus the depletion drop one part of energies in the system, to slippery pedestal of front blunt certainly repress a function.Should see, in the system study, from adjust to carry on the back entrance pressure of press the valve and be subjected to an oil urn two chambers hydraulic-pneumatic comprehensive function.BE load a disappeared moment, from adjust to carry on the back the pressure of press the valve quickly rises, and stabilize the number which starts to carry on the back to press at the beginning in the Gao up.From the diagram it is thus clear that, from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon the system is in a twinkling load to disappear oil urn carry the range that the pressure go up on oil urn's back big in traditionally adjust soon system, so, its oil urn energy which have the oil liquid in the pole chamber absorption many;Result, slip a pedestal of ex- blunt the quantity adjusts system to soon want than the tradition small be close to 20%.It is thus clear that adoption from adjust to carry on the back a Chuang to adjust soon system conduct and actions to drive the slippery pedestal of system to have good characteristic in the aspects of hurtling before repress, among them from adjust to carry on the back to press valve to have very your work to use.
Four, slip the exercise of pedestal steady
While regarding as a load period of used for the slippery on the stage variety(if the Xian pares to process a circumstance), the sport speed which slips a pedestal wants to produce certain。motion.In order to process the request of quality at assurance, have to possibly let up its speed motion scope.Set out from the convenience discussed a problem, suppose a load by the sine wave regulation variety, get thus of numeral imitate a true result such as figure 5 show.Be showed from this that system and traditionally adjust soon system to have same variety regulation with very close of number.The reason is that the variety range of load isn't big, oil urn two chamber pressures also more and greatly didn't change, end cause from adjust to carry on the back a function of press the valve not enough obvious.
Five, improve measure
Study result enunciation, with from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon system for drive the slippery set of system, its dynamic state characteristic surpasses to traditionally adjustsoon system.Want to reduce the ex- blunt quantity of slippery pedestal, must be load the disappeared moment quickly raises an oil urn have a pole chamber of carry on the back pressure;Want to raise the exercise of slippery pedestal steady to need to increase system of rigid, the main measure lies in the physical volume which lets up an oil liquid.Know °from the structure of the system, the oil urn has a pole chamber to have with the row pipeline one very big capacity and show such as the figure 6 as.It of the existence delay with Shuai reduce from adjust to carry on the back a function of press the valve, also lowered system on the other hand of rigid, it limitted to hurtle characteristic and exercise the further improvement of steady ago.Therefore, the improvement slippery pedestal dynamic state characteristic can carry on from two paths:Namely change an oil urn capacity and change from adjust to carry on the back to pressvalve structure size.The comparison passed one true calculation and result of the imitate of parameter of the system structure can get:When oil urn have pole chamber and row pipeline thecapacity V4 together has no pole chamber with enter pipeline the capacity V3 of ratio from original of 5.5 change to 1, such as the figure 6 bs show, in the meantime, from adjust to carry on the back to press the valve valve Xin bottom to carry diameter is increase by the original 10 mms for the 13 mms, damping triangle slot side long let up a 0.7 mms from the original lmm, canmake slippery pedestal of ex- hurtle quantity to let up 30%, transfer the process obviouslyshortens for time and slip the exercise of pedestal steady to get to very greatly improve.
Six, conclusion
Imitate a true research through theories analysis and calculator, from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon system Be combine a drive of the tool machine slippery pedestal system to have much of expansion use value.The main factor which influences a slippery pedestal dynamic state characteristic is oil urn internal structure with from adjust to carry on the back topress valve of size.If as to it's carry on a reasonable design, the dynamic state characteristic canmake to slip a pedestal is shown Zhao ground an improvement.Also explained adoption power in make to slip a pedestal is shown Zhao ground an improvement.Also explained adoption power incomplications not line is convenience valid of.
In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, thisindicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially toreplace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation.
After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, thetraditional enginebed hashad the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development.
The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit "to build" to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIREDNC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary devicedevelopment, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952first generation of -- electron tube; 1959second generation of -- transistor; 1965 third generation -- small scale integration electric circuit.
In 1970, the general minicomputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the computer numerical control (CNC)the stage ("which shouldhave computer in front of the general" two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the world first time the computer two most cores part -- logic units and the controller, used the large scale integrated circuit technology integration on together the chip, called it the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR),alsomightbe called the centralprocessing element (tobe calledCPU).
The microprocessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical control system. This is because minicomputer function too strong, controlled an engine bed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in controlling the multi- Taiwan engine bed at that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover then small machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed and the function although insufficiently are alsohigh, but may solve through the multi-processor structure. Because the microprocessor is the general-purpose calculator core part, therefore still was called the computer numerical control.
In 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic custom had called microcomputer) the performance has developed to the very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henceforth entered based on the PC stage.
In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970fourth generation of -- minicomputer; 1974five dynasties-- microprocessor and 1990sixth generation -- (overseaswascalledPC-BASED) based on PC.
onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, processes the man-machine contact surface, the programming, the association.Question and so on net correspondence, undertakes the numerical control duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendly man-machine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical controls system. The long-distancecommunication, the long-distance diagnosis and the service will be more common.
Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer domain unceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control system intellectualized degree unceasingly will enhance.
applies the adaptive control technology
The numerical controlsystem can examine in theprocess some important information, and the automatic control system related parameter, achieves the improvement system running status the goal.
introduces the expert system instruction processing
The skilled worker and expert's experience, the processing general rule and the special rule store in the system, take the craft parameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificial intelligence the expert system.
introduces the breakdown to diagnose the expert system
intellectualized numeral servo drive
May through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automatic control parameter, causes the actuation system to obtain the best movement. Second, engine bed numerical control transformation necessity
From on microscopic looked below that, the numerical control engine bed has the prominent superiority compared to the traditional engine bed, moreover these superiority come from the computer might which the numerical control system contains. may process the traditional engine bed cannot process the curve, the curvedsurface and so on the complex components.
Because the computer has the excellent operation ability, may the instant accurately calculate each coordinate axis instant to be supposed the movement physiological load of exercise, therefore may turn round the synthesis complex curve or the curved surface.
may realize the processing automation, moreover is the flexible automation, thus the efficiency may enhance 3 ~ 7 times compared to the traditional engine bed.
Because the computer has the memory and the memory property, may the procedure which inputs remember and save, then the order which stipulated according to the procedure automatic carries out, thus realization automation. The numerical control engine bed so long as replaces a procedure, may realize another work piece processing automation, thus causes the single unit and the small batch of production can automate, therefore is called has realized "flexible automation".
From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed country armed forces, the airplane weapon industry, in the end of the 70's, at the beginning of the 80's started the large-scale application numerical control engine bed. Its essence is, uses the information technology to the traditional industry (includingthe armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on the technological transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in themanufacture process, but also includes in the product development carries out CAD, CAE, CAM, the hypothesized manufacture aswell as carries out MIS in the production management (management information system), CIMS