汽車后橋殼體的臥式三面單工位組合鉆床設(shè)計含5張CAD圖

汽車后橋殼體的臥式三面單工位組合鉆床設(shè)計含5張CAD圖,汽車,后橋,殼體,臥式,三面單工位,組合,鉆床,設(shè)計,cad 附錄1 (中文譯文)數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對策摘要：簡要介紹了當今世界數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備發(fā)展的趨勢及我國數(shù)控裝備技術(shù)發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)化的現(xiàn)狀，在此基礎(chǔ)上討論了在我國加入WTO和對外開放進一步深化的新環(huán)境下，發(fā)展我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備、提高我國制造業(yè)信息化水平和國際競爭能力的重要性，并從戰(zhàn)略和策略兩個層面提出了發(fā)展我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備的幾點看法。 裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個國民經(jīng)濟的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度，數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備。馬克思曾經(jīng)說過“各種經(jīng)濟時代的區(qū)別，不在于生產(chǎn)什么，而在于怎樣生產(chǎn)，用什么勞動資料生產(chǎn)”。制造技術(shù)和裝備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當今先進制造技術(shù)和裝備最核心的技術(shù)。當今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，以提高制造能力和水平，提高對動態(tài)多變市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力。此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達國家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在“高精尖”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對我國實行封鎖和限制政策?？傊?，大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達國家加速經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑。數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對機械運動和工作過程進行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域：(1)機械制造技術(shù)；(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)；(3)自動控制技術(shù)；(4)伺服驅(qū)動技術(shù)；(5)傳感器技術(shù)；(6)軟件技術(shù)等。1數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來了革命性的變化，使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴大，他對國計民生的一些重要行業(yè)（IT、汽車、輕工、醫(yī)療等）的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用，因為這些行業(yè)所需裝備的數(shù)字化已是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展的大趨勢。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢來看，其主要研究熱點有以下幾個方面14。1.1高速、高精加工技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢效率、質(zhì)量是先進制造技術(shù)的主體。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場競爭能力。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會將其列為5大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一，國際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會（CIRP）將其確定為21世紀的中心研究方向之一。在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn)30萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是40秒/輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對這些筋、壁進行加工。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料“掏空”的方法來制造機翼、機身等大型零件來替代多個零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯(lián)結(jié)方式拼裝，使構(gòu)件的強度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。這些都對加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。從EMO2001展會情況來看，高速加工中心進給速度可達80m/min，甚至更高，空運行速度可達100m/min左右。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機床。美國CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach機床進給速度最大達60m/min，快速為100m/min，加速度達2g，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已達60000r/min。加工一薄壁飛機零件，只用30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需3h，在普通銑床加工需8h；德國DMG公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達12*!000r/mm和1g。在加工精度方面，近10年來，普通級數(shù)控機床的加工精度已由10m提高到5m，精密級加工中心則從35m，提高到11.5m，并且超精密加工精度已開始進入納米級(0.01m)。在可靠性方面，國外數(shù)控裝置的MTBF值已達6000h以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的MTBF值達到30000h以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性。為了實現(xiàn)高速、高精加工，與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線電機得到了快速的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進一步擴大。1.2.5軸聯(lián)動加工和復(fù)合加工機床快速發(fā)展采用5軸聯(lián)動對三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般認為，1臺5軸聯(lián)動機床的效率可以等于2臺3軸聯(lián)動機床，特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進行高速銑削淬硬鋼零件時，5軸聯(lián)動加工可比3軸聯(lián)動加工發(fā)揮更高的效益。但過去因5軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價格要比3軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控機床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了5軸聯(lián)動機床的發(fā)展。當前由于電主軸的出現(xiàn)，使得實現(xiàn)5軸聯(lián)動加工的復(fù)合主軸頭結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡化，其制造難度和成本大幅度降低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的價格差距縮小。因此促進了復(fù)合主軸頭類型5軸聯(lián)動機床和復(fù)合加工機床（含5面加工機床）的發(fā)展。在EMO2001展會上，新日本工機的5面加工機床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實現(xiàn)4個垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5軸加工可在同一臺機床上實現(xiàn)，還可實現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。德國DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下5面加工和5軸聯(lián)動加工，可由CNC系統(tǒng)控制或CAD/CAM直接或間接控制。1.3智能化、開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為當代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的主要趨勢21世紀的數(shù)控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統(tǒng)，智能化的內(nèi)容包括在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中的各個方面：為追求加工效率和加工質(zhì)量方面的智能化，如加工過程的自適應(yīng)控制，工藝參數(shù)自動生成；為提高驅(qū)動性能及使用連接方便的智能化，如前饋控制、電機參數(shù)的自適應(yīng)運算、自動識別負載自動選定模型、自整定等；簡化編程、簡化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自動編程、智能化的人機界面等；還有智能診斷、智能監(jiān)控方面的內(nèi)容、方便系統(tǒng)的診斷及維修等。為解決傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)封閉性和數(shù)控應(yīng)用軟件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)存在的問題。目前許多國家對開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進行研究，如美國的NGC(TheNextGenerationWork-Station/MachineControl)、歐共體的OSACA(OpenSystemArchitectureforControlwithinAutomationSystems)、日本的OSEC(OpenSystemEnvironmentforController)，中國的ONC(OpenNumericalControlSystem)等。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化已經(jīng)成為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的未來之路。所謂開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運行平臺上，面向機床廠家和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產(chǎn)品。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當前研究的核心。網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是近兩年國際著名機床博覽會的一個新亮點。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。國內(nèi)外一些著名數(shù)控機床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關(guān)的新概念和樣機，如在EM2001展中，日本山崎馬扎克（Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProductionCenter”（智能生產(chǎn)控制中心，簡稱CPC)；日本大隈（Okuma）機床公司展出“ITplaza”（信息技術(shù)廣場，簡稱IT廣場)；德國西門子(Siemens)公司展出的OpenManufacturingEnvironment（開放制造環(huán)境，簡稱OME）等，反映了數(shù)控機床加工向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展的趨勢。1.4重視新技術(shù)標準、規(guī)范的建立1.4.1關(guān)于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計開發(fā)規(guī)范如前所述，開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有更好的通用性、柔性、適應(yīng)性、擴展性，美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計劃，并進行開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)規(guī)范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3個最大的經(jīng)濟體在短期內(nèi)進行了幾乎相同的科學(xué)計劃和規(guī)范的制定，預(yù)示了數(shù)控技術(shù)的一個新的變革時期的來臨。我國在2000年也開始進行中國的ONC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。 1.4.2關(guān)于數(shù)控標準數(shù)控標準是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的一種趨勢。數(shù)控技術(shù)誕生后的50年間的信息交換都是基于ISO6983標準，即采用G，M代碼描述如何（how）加工，其本質(zhì)特征是面向加工過程，顯然，他已越來越不能滿足現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的需要。為此，國際上正在研究和制定一種新的CNC系統(tǒng)標準ISO14649（STEPNC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統(tǒng)的中性機制，能夠描述產(chǎn)品整個生命周期內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)模型，從而實現(xiàn)整個制造過程，乃至各個工業(yè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)品信息的標準化。STEP-NC的出現(xiàn)可能是數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一次革命，對于數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展乃至整個制造業(yè)，將產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。首先，STEP-NC提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中，NC加工程序都集中在單個計算機上。而在新標準下，NC程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，這正是數(shù)控技術(shù)開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展的方向。其次，STEP-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)還可大大減少加工圖紙（約75）、加工程序編制時間（約35）和加工時間（約50）。目前，歐美國家非常重視STEP-NC的研究，歐洲發(fā)起了STEP-NC的IMS計劃(1999.1.12001.12.31)。參加這項計劃的有來自歐洲和日本的20個CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用戶、廠商和學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)。美國的STEPTools公司是全球范圍內(nèi)制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)交換軟件的開發(fā)者，他已經(jīng)開發(fā)了用作數(shù)控機床加工信息交換的超級模型(SuperModel)，其目標是用統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。目前這種新的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式已經(jīng)在配備了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及歐洲OSACA-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原型樣機上進行了驗證。2對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基本估計我國數(shù)控技術(shù)起步于1958年，近50年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為3個階段：第一階段從1958年到1979年，即封閉式發(fā)展階段。在此階段，由于國外的技術(shù)封鎖和我國的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。第二階段是在國家的“六五”、“七五”期間以及“八五”的前期，即引進技術(shù)，消化吸收，初步建立起國產(chǎn)化體系階段。在此階段，由于改革開放和國家的重視，以及研究開發(fā)環(huán)境和國際環(huán)境的改善，我國數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究、開發(fā)以及在產(chǎn)品的國產(chǎn)化方面都取得了長足的進步。第三階段是在國家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期間，即實施產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究，進入市場競爭階段。在此階段，我國國產(chǎn)數(shù)控裝備的產(chǎn)業(yè)化取得了實質(zhì)性進步。在“九五”末期，國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機床的國內(nèi)市場占有率達50，配國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)（普及型）也達到了10。縱觀我國數(shù)控技術(shù)近50年的發(fā)展歷程，特別是經(jīng)過4個5年計劃的攻關(guān)，總體來看取得了以下成績。a.奠定了數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，基本掌握了現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)。我國現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、伺服驅(qū)動、數(shù)控主機、專機及其配套件的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，其中大部分技術(shù)已具備進行商品化開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，部分技術(shù)已商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。b.初步形成了數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。在攻關(guān)成果和部分技術(shù)商品化的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了諸如華中數(shù)控、航天數(shù)控等具有批量生產(chǎn)能力的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)廠。蘭州電機廠、華中數(shù)控等一批伺服系統(tǒng)和伺服電機生產(chǎn)廠以及北京第一機床廠、濟南第一機床廠等若干數(shù)控主機生產(chǎn)廠。這些生產(chǎn)廠基本形成了我國的數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。c.建立了一支數(shù)控研究、開發(fā)、管理人才的基本隊伍。雖然在數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面取得了長足的進步，但我們也要清醒地認識到，我國高端數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)，尤其是在產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面的技術(shù)水平現(xiàn)狀與我國的現(xiàn)實需求還有較大的差距。雖然從縱向看我國的發(fā)展速度很快，但橫向比（與國外對比）不僅技術(shù)水平有差距，在某些方面發(fā)展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的數(shù)控裝備的技術(shù)水平差距有擴大趨勢。從國際上來看，對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平估計大致如下。a.技術(shù)水平上，與國外先進水平大約落后1015年，在高精尖技術(shù)方面則更大。b.產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平上，市場占有率低，品種覆蓋率小，還沒有形成規(guī)模生產(chǎn)；功能部件專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)水平及成套能力較低；外觀質(zhì)量相對差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)尚未建立自己的品牌效應(yīng)，用戶信心不足。c.可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力上，對競爭前數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)、工程化能力較弱；數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域拓展力度不強；相關(guān)標準規(guī)范的研究、制定滯后。分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下幾個方面。a.認識方面。對國產(chǎn)數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)進程艱巨性、復(fù)雜性和長期性的特點認識不足；對市場的不規(guī)范、國外的封鎖加扼殺、體制等困難估計不足；對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用水平及能力分析不夠。b.體系方面。從技術(shù)的角度關(guān)注數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題的時候多，從系統(tǒng)的、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度綜合考慮數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題的時候少；沒有建立完整的高質(zhì)量的配套體系、完善的培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等支撐體系。c.機制方面。不良機制造成人才流失，又制約了技術(shù)及技術(shù)路線創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，且制約了規(guī)劃的有效實施，往往規(guī)劃理想，實施困難。d.技術(shù)方面。企業(yè)在技術(shù)方面自主創(chuàng)新能力不強，核心技術(shù)的工程化能力不強。機床標準落后，水平較低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)新標準研究不夠。3對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略思考3.1戰(zhàn)略考慮我國是制造大國，在世界產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移中要盡量接受前端而不是后端的轉(zhuǎn)移，即要掌握先進制造核心技術(shù)，否則在新一輪國際產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中，我國制造業(yè)將進一步“空芯”。我們以資源、環(huán)境、市場為代價，交換得到的可能僅僅是世界新經(jīng)濟格局中的國際“加工中心”和“組裝中心”，而非掌握核心技術(shù)的制造中心的地位，這樣將會嚴重影響我國現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)的發(fā)展進程。我們應(yīng)站在國家安全戰(zhàn)略的高度來重視數(shù)控技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)問題，首先從社會安全看，因為制造業(yè)是我國就業(yè)人口最多的行業(yè)，制造業(yè)發(fā)展不僅可提高人民的生活水平，而且還可緩解我國就業(yè)的壓力，保障社會的穩(wěn)定；其次從國防安全看，西方發(fā)達國家把高精尖數(shù)控產(chǎn)品都列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物質(zhì)，對我國實現(xiàn)禁運和限制，“東芝事件”和“考克斯報告”就是最好的例證。3.2發(fā)展策略從我國基本國情的角度出發(fā)，以國家的戰(zhàn)略需求和國民經(jīng)濟的市場需求為導(dǎo)向，以提高我國制造裝備業(yè)綜合競爭能力和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平為目標，用系統(tǒng)的方法，選擇能夠主導(dǎo)21世紀初期我國制造裝備業(yè)發(fā)展升級的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)以及支持產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的支撐技術(shù)、配套技術(shù)作為研究開發(fā)的內(nèi)容，實現(xiàn)制造裝備業(yè)的跨躍式發(fā)展。強調(diào)市場需求為導(dǎo)向，即以數(shù)控終端產(chǎn)品為主，以整機（如量大面廣的數(shù)控車床、銑床、高速高精高性能數(shù)控機床、典型數(shù)字化機械、重點行業(yè)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備等）帶動數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。重點解決數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和相關(guān)功能部件（數(shù)字化伺服系統(tǒng)與電機、高速電主軸系統(tǒng)和新型裝備的附件等）的可靠性和生產(chǎn)規(guī)模問題。沒有規(guī)模就不會有高可靠性的產(chǎn)品；沒有規(guī)模就不會有價格低廉而富有競爭力的產(chǎn)品；當然，沒有規(guī)模中國的數(shù)控裝備最終難以有出頭之日。在高精尖裝備研發(fā)方面，要強調(diào)產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研以及最終用戶的緊密結(jié)合，以“做得出、用得上、賣得掉”為目標，按國家意志實施攻關(guān)，以解決國家之急需。在競爭前數(shù)控技術(shù)方面，強調(diào)創(chuàng)新，強調(diào)研究開發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品，為我國數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)乃至整個制造業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。參考文獻：1中國機床工具工業(yè)協(xié)會行業(yè)發(fā)展部.CIMT2001巡禮J.世界制造技術(shù)與裝備市場，2001(3)：18-20.2梁訓(xùn)王宣,周延佑.機床技術(shù)發(fā)展的新動向J.世界制造技術(shù)與裝備市場，2001(3)：21-28.3中國機床工具工業(yè)協(xié)會數(shù)控系統(tǒng)分會.CIMT2001巡禮J.世界制造技術(shù)與裝備市場，2001(5)：13-17.4楊學(xué)桐，李冬茹，何文立，等?距世紀數(shù)控機床技術(shù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究M.北京：國家機械工業(yè)局，2000.附錄2 （外文原文）The number controls the technique and equips todevelop the trend and counterplansSummary:The synopsis introduced the world nowadays count control the trend and our countries of technique and material development number to control the present condition that equip the technique development and industries turn, discussed on this foundation under the new surrounding that our country join the WTO and open outward to turn further and deeply, develop the our country the number controls the technique and equips, exaltation our country the manufacturing industry importance of the information-based level and international competition ability, and put forward to develop the our country from two levels of strategy and strategy the number controls the technique and material of what time viewpoint. The technique level and the modernization degrees of the material industry decide the whole level of national economy and the modernization degree, the number controls the technique and materials are newly arisen and high new technique industry and sophisticated industry( such as the information technique and its industry, the living creature technique and its industry, aviationses, aerospace etc. the defence industry industry)s of developmentses to make the ability technique and the most basic materials.The mark think to have ever said various differentiation of economic ages, donted lie in to produce what, but lie in how production, use what production.Make the technique and materials are the most basic production of mankinds production data, but the number control the technique and is an advanced manufacturing technique and material to is most the technique of the core nowadays.Nowadays the international community manufacturing industry adopts the number to control the technique extensively, making the ability and levels with the exaltation, the exaltation changes the orientation ability and the competition abilities of the market to the dynamic state much.In addition in the world the flourishing nation of each industry return to control number the technique and numbers control the strategic supplies that the material lists as the nation, not only adopt the important measure to develop own number to control technique and its industries, and count to control the key technique and material in high point the aspect practices to blockade and limit the policy to the our country.In fine, develop strongly with the number controls the technique for the advanced manufacturing technique of the core has become the acceleration economy in each flourishing nation in world development, exaltation comprehensive important path of the national strength and national position. The number control technique is exercise and work to the machine with the numerical information the process carries on the control of technique, the number control the material to make the industry and newly arisen manufacturing industries to permeate the formative machine electricity integral whole to turn the product to the tradition with the new technique that the number control the technique as representative, the namely so-called numeral masquerade to have, its technique scope overlay a lot of realms:(1)The machine manufacturing technique;(2)The information processing, process, deliver the technique;(3)Automatic control technique;(4)Servo drive the technique;(5)Spread the feeling machine technique;(6)Software technique etc. 1 The number controls the technical development trend The number not only brought revolution variety for traditional manufacturing industry, make the manufacturing industry become the symbol of the industrialization, but also control the technical application along with the number control technical develop continuously and applied realm of extension, he rises to some developments of important profession( IT, automobile, light work, medical treatment.etc.) of the national policy peoples livelihood more and more important function, because big trend that the numeral of the material turns to is already the modern development that these professions need.From currently in the world count control the technique and it equips the trend of the development to see, its main research is hot the point contain following 1-4 s of a few aspect s. 1. one high speed, high processing technology of and new trend of the materials The efficiency, quantity is a forerunner to make the technical corpus.The high speed, high processing technology of can lift biggest high-efficiency, the quantity and the file times of the exaltation product, shorten to produce the period and exaltation market competition ability.Carry the technique research meeting to list as it to one of the 5 greatest moderns manufacturing technique first for this Japan, international produce the engineering academic association( CIRP) to is certain it to study one of the directions for 21 centuries of center. At the car industry realm, the year produces 300,000 production rhythms are 40s, and it is one of the point problems that the car material must resolve that many specieses process;At the aviation and the astronautics industry realms, zero partses that it process are the thin walls and thin much, just the degree is badly, the material is aluminum or the aluminum metal alloys, only under the condition that high slice to pare the speed and slice to pare the dint pimping, then can carry on process to these walls.Adopt the large and whole aluminum metal alloy 坯 to anticipate the method for fish out recently to make the large spare parts of plane wing, fuselage of airplane.etc. to act for several spare partses to pass numerous rivet, bolts and other coupling methods to put together to pack, make the strength of the piece just the degree and credibilities get the exaltation.These all put forward the high speed, high and high and gentle request towards processing the material. See from the EMO2001 exhibition meeting circumstance, the high speed process the center to enter and can amount to the 80 ms/ min for speed, even higher, the air freight go the speed and can amount to the 100 ms/ min or so.Currently many automobile factories in the world, include the G.M. company of Shanghai of the our country, have already at a high speed adopt to process the production line part that center constitute to act for to combine the tool machine.The tool machine of HyperMach of the American company of CINCINNATI enter is biggest for speed to amount to the 60 ms/ min, fast is a 100 ms/ min, the acceleration amounts to the 2 gs, the principal axis turn soon and already 60000 rses/ mins.Process one thin wall airplane spare parts, use the 30 mins only, but the spare parts of the same processes to need the 3 hs in the general high-speed miller, processing to need the 8 hs in the common miller;The principal axis speed and accelerations of a principal axis lather of the German company of DMG amount to 12* respectively!000 rs/ mm and 1 g. In the aspects of processing the accuracy, be close to 10 in the last yearses, the common series control the tool machine to process the accuracy to have already been raised to 5 ms by 10 ms, the precise class processes the center then from 3-5 ms, raise to 1-1.5 ms, and the super nicety process the accuracy to have already started enter the rice class of (0.01 ms). At the dependable sex aspect, abroad number control the MTBF value of the device already 6000 hses are above, the MTBF of the servo system the value attains the 30000 hs above, express the very high and dependable.For the sake of the realization high-speed, the high process, with it the function parts of the kit such as electricity principal axis, straight line the electrical engineering got the fast development, application realm further extension. 1.2 5 stalk move to process and reunite to process the fast development of tool machine Adopt 5 stalk moves to process to three curved face spare partses, can have the best and several shapes to carry on slice to pare with the knife, not only the clean degree is high, and the efficiency is also significant to raise.Think generally,1 set 5 efficiencies of the stalk motive bed can be equal to 2 sets 3 stalk motive beds, especially use to sign the square nitrogen to turn the etc. the super and hard material knife carries on the high-speed to pare the hard steel spare parts of ,5 stalk move to process and can compare 3 stalk to move to process the exertive higher performance.But past move number to control the reasons, such as system and the host structure complications.etc. because of 5 stalk , its price wants to compare 3 stalk to move the number to control the tool machine high number times, the plait distance technique difficulty that add compare greatly, check and supervision 5 developments of the stalk motive bed. At present because of the emergence of the electricity principal axis, make carry out a structure of compound principal axis that 5 stalk move to process greatly for simplification, it makes the difficulty and costs significant lower, the price margin that counts to control the system contract.Therefore promoted a type of compound principal axis 5 stalk motive beds and compounds process the development of the tool machine( contain 5 the noodles process the tool machine). In the EMO2001 exhibition would up, new Japanese work machine of 5 the noodles process the tool machine adoption compound principal axis head, can carry out 4 perpendicular flat surfaces to process and arbitrarily the angle process, make 5 the noodles process to process with 5 stalks can on same pedestal tool machine realization, can also carry out to tilt to one side to face and pour the bore of to process.The German DMG company exhibition DMUVoution series processes the center, can at pack to clip once 5 the noodles process to move to process with 5 stalk , can be are direct by the CNC system control or CAD/ CAM or indirect control. 1.3 The intelligence turn, the open type, network becomes main trend that counts to control the system development for the contemporary 21 centuries of number control the material and will is a system that has the certain intelligence to turn, the contents that intelligence turn include at count to control each aspect in the system:In pursuit of process the efficiency and process the intelligence of the quantity to turn, if process the process from the orientation to control, the craft parameter is automatically born;Drive the function and usages to link the convenient intelligence to turn for the exaltation, if control, the electrical engineering parameter of operate and identify the load automatically to make selection the model automatically from the orientation, from whole settle etc.;The intelligence of the simplification plait distance, the simplification operation turn, if the auto that intelligence turn plait man-machine interface etc. that distance, intelligence turn;Still have the diagnosis of the contents, convenient system that the intelligence diagnosis, intelligence supervises and control the aspect and maintain.etc. For resolve the traditional number and control the system closing and number and control applied software of industry turn to produce the existent problem.Currently many national folios put type number controls the system to carry on the research, such as the NGC( the The Next Generation Work- Station/ Machine Control), Europe of the United States OSEC( the Open System Environment for Controller) of the OSACA( the Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan of the total body, the ONC( the Open Numerical Control System) of China wait.The number controls the road of the future that the system opens to turn to have already become the number to control the system.The so-called open type number controls the system is the development that the number controls the system can on the united movement terrace, face to a different from end customer, pass the change and increase or tailor the structure object( number control the function), become the series to turn, and can control the special application and the technique trade secrets of the customer gather go to in the system expediently, carry out quickly species of the tool machine factory, the different file time of open type number control the system, the formation have the famous brand product of the fresh and clear character.Currently the open type number controls the system structure norm of the system, corresponds by letter the norm, installs the norm, circulates the terrace and counts to control the system function database and numbers to control the system function software development tool etc. is the core of the current research. The network turn the number to control the material to is the international a tool machine of two years exposition a lately a little bit bright.The number controls the network of the material to turn