全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程b3u.ppt

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1、Unit 1Changes in the Way We Live,Text A,Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life,Im Going to Buy the Brooklyn Bridge,Part I Vocabulary Exercise Part IIPre-reading Activities Part IIILanguage Study Part IV Post-reading Activities: Text Organization Useful Words Columbia University in New York City; Cornell U

2、niversity in Ithaca, New York; Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire; Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts; University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia; Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The members of the Ivy League compete in i

3、ntercollegiate athletics.,Ivy League,BR3.1.1,Brown University,BR3.1.2,Columbia University,BR3.1.3,Cornell University,BR3.1.4,Dartmouth College,BR3.1.5,Harvard University,BR3.1.6,University of Pennsylvania,BR3.1.7,Princeton University,BR3.1.8,Yale University,BR3.2,If you want to know more about these

4、 schools, you are welcomed to log on to their websites:,Brown University www.brown.edu Columbia University www.columbia.edu Cornell University www.cornell.edu Dartmouth College www.dartmouth.edu Harvard University www.harvard.edu University of Pennsylvania www.upenn.edu Princeton University www.prin

5、ceton.edu Yale University www.yale.edu,BR4.1,Fahrenheit Scale refers to a scale of temperature, first established by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1715. The unit of temperature is the degree Fahrenheit (F), and 0 F was originally the coldest temperature,Fahrenheit Scale,Fahrenheit could

6、 achieve using a freezing mixture of salt and ice. On his scale, water freezes at 32 F and boils at 212 F (under set atmospheric conditions). No longer used in scientific work, Fahrenheit temperatures still feature in everyday language; hot days “in the eighties”, for example. To convert a Fahrenhei

7、t temperature to Celsius (centigrade), subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.,Fahrenheit Scale refers to a scale of temperature, first established by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1715. The unit of temperature is the degree Fahrenheit (F), and 0 F was originally the coldest temperature,Fahr

8、enheit Scale,Fahrenheit could achieve using a freezing mixture of salt and ice. On his scale, water freezes at 32 F and boils at 212 F (under set atmospheric conditions). No longer used in scientific work, Fahrenheit temperatures still feature in everyday language; hot days “in the eighties”, for ex

9、ample. To convert a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius (centigrade), subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.,BR4.2,Celsius Scale refers to a scale of hotness, or temperature, first established by the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius (17011744) in 1742. On this scale, the unit of temperature is the degree

10、Celsius (C); water freezes,Celsius Scale,at 0 C and boils at 100 C (under agreed standard atmospheric conditions), although when Celsius originally devised the scale he made 0 the boiling point and 100 the freezing point. The Celsius scale was formerly commonly known as the centigrade scale because

11、of the 100 divisions between the freezing and boiling points of water. To convert from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9/5 and add 32.,Celsius Scale refers to a scale of hotness, or temperature, first established by the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius (17011744) in 1742. On this s

12、cale, the unit of temperature is the degree Celsius (C); water freezes,Celsius Scale,at 0 C and boils at 100 C (under agreed standard atmospheric conditions), although when Celsius originally devised the scale he made 0 the boiling-point and 100 the freezing-point. The Celsius scale was formerly com

13、monly known as the centigrade scale because of the 100 divisions between the freezing- and boiling-points of water. To convert from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9/5 and add 32.,BR5.1,Buying Insurance,BR6.1,Sports Illustrated,Sports illustrated is a popular US sports magazine pub

14、lished each week by Time Inc, part of Time Warner. It first appeared in 1954, and is read mainly by men. The magazine also publishes the Sports Illustrated Sports Almanac every year.,BR7.1,Individual Retirement Account,Individual Retirement Account refers to a US government plan that allows people t

15、o put part of their income into special bank accounts. No tax has to be paid on this money until they retire. In fact, “ IRA” is used more often.,Back,Text Organization,Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the countryside as _ and _. Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the countryside is _ yet som

16、etimes _. Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job, the writers income was reduced, but he and his family _. Part Four paras 12-15 _ and _ have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.,self-reliant,satisfying,good,hard,can manage to get by,A tolerance for solitude,a lo

17、t of energy,Part Division of the Text,Parts,Lines,Main Ideas,1,2,3,114,1544,4577,The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one.,Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.,After quitting his job, the writers income was reduced, but he and his family can manag

18、e to get by.,4,78101,A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.,GR-1-text,Back,After-1.useful-1,Useful Expressions,1. 過得去,get by,2. 尋覓心靈的滿足,find contentment,3.自力更生的生活,a self-reliant life,4. 艱苦的生活,a tough life,5.日常的家務(wù),househol

19、d routine,Useful Expressions,6. 正如老話說的那樣,as the old saying goes,7. 溫馨快樂每一分鐘,Love / enjoy every minute of sth.,8. 過冬,get through the winter,9. 常青藤聯(lián)合會(huì)學(xué)校,Ivy League schools,10. 帶著的祝福,with sb.s blessings,11. 總的來說,on balance,12. 擔(dān)任全職工作,be employed full time,13. 貸款按揭,mortgage payments,14. 至于 ,When it come

20、s to ,15. 除以外,apart from ,Useful Expressions,16. 外出吃飯,dine out,17. 生活水準(zhǔn)/水平,standard of living / living standard,18. 彌補(bǔ)收入差額,make up the difference in income,19. 聽歌劇看芭蕾演出,attend the opera and ballet,20. 耐得住寂寞,a tolerance for solitude,Useful Expressions,21. 自給自足,self-sufficiency,22. 抵制誘惑,resist temptat

21、ion,23. 愴然離去,leave with a feeling of sorrow,24. 自豪感,a sense of pride,25. 一旦形勢好轉(zhuǎn),once economic conditions improve,Useful Expressions,26. 賺錢,earn money,Back,Language Study,1. get by: be good enough but not very good 過得去，尚可 How can he get by on such low wages? It is a little bit difficult for the old t

22、o get by on such a small pension. 2. make it: be successful，fulfill ones purpose 成功，達(dá)到目的 Hes never really made it as an actor. It was a terrible journey but we finally made it.,Language Study,3. haul: v.1) transport, as with a truck, cart, etc. 搬運(yùn) The farmers haul vegetables to the market on a truck

23、 every day. The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded village. 2) pull or drag sth. with effort or force 用力拖拉 I got stuck in the mud and the others had to haul me out. Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the bombed commuter train.,Language Study,4. improvement: n. the act o

24、r an instance of improving or being improved. 改進(jìn)，改善 Internet service providers should develop security improvement services for their customers. improvement in 表示原物有改進(jìn)，好轉(zhuǎn) It shows that you have made much improvement in packing in the last decade. 這表明貴方在過去十年在包裝方面有了很大的改進(jìn)。 improve in （=get better） 有改進(jìn)，

25、 好些,Language Study,5. supplement: vt. to add to or complete with sth else. 補(bǔ)充，改善 My doctor suggested a diet supplemented with vitamin tablets. He works in the evenings to supplement his student grant. n. a quantity added (e.g. to make up for a deficiency)補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)遺；補(bǔ)充物；附錄 Newspapers and magazines often i

26、nclude free supplement. 報(bào)紙和雜志經(jīng)常有免費(fèi)增刊.,Language Study,6.indoor:a. situated or used inside a building 室內(nèi)的 Indoor pollution has been found to be as much as five to ten times higher inside some skyscrapers than outside. The Mall of America, the biggest mall in USA includes the worlds largest indoor amus

27、ement park. an indoor plant 一種室內(nèi)植物 c.f. outdoor 戶外的；露天的；野外的,Language Study,7. spray v. 1) force out liquid in small drops upon 噴灑 The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by planes. The wall was sprayed with colored paints. 這面墻是經(jīng)彩噴處理的。 2) scatter in a mass 散發(fā)；散布 Many papers were spray

28、ed on the floor. 許多文件散落在地板上。,Language Study,8.pursue: v. to strive to gain or accomplish努力去獲得（或完成），追求 pursue lofty political goals / pleasure / ones studies After graduation Martin chose to pursue the same career as his father as a minister. n. pursuit: the pursuit of higher education hell-for-leath

29、er pursuit全力追擊 be in pursuit of 追求；追擊，追趕,Language Study,9. stack: v. make into a pile 將堆起來 After she did the dishes, Mom started stacking them on the draining-board. The cereals should be stacked when drying up. 谷物應(yīng)在徹底干透后再堆起。 Usage: blow ones stack俚語發(fā)脾氣，大怒 stack the cards 洗牌作弊,暗中做手腳,Language Study,1

30、0.wicked: a. evil or bad 邪惡的；壞的 We are born good, but can be taught to be wicked. 設(shè)計(jì)誣陷一個(gè)清白的人是很敗壞的行為。 It is a wicked thing to frame an innocent person. Wicked men obey from fear; good men, from love. 壞人服從出于怕，好人服從出于愛。 n. wickedness 邪惡；卑鄙；罪惡,Language Study,11.get through: 1)come successfully to the end

31、 通過，度過 我不知道他們是如何熬過這些寒冷的冬天的。 I dont know how they get through these cold winters. She got through the entrance examination, and was accepted by the college. 2) to make sth. understood (使)被理解；(使)被接受 We cant get it through to him that using drugs is bad for his health.,Language Study,12.on balance: wit

32、h all things considered 總的來說 Their suggestion has, on balance, proved practicable. On balance, its probably not advisable to change the companys name. a favorable balance順差 an unfavorable balance逆差 be in the balance懸而未決 keep ones balance保持(身體)平衡 lose ones balance身體失去平衡 strike a balance 找出折中辦法；妥協(xié),Lan

33、guage Study,13.illustrate: v. provide with visual feature; clarify by use of examples, etc.加插圖于；舉例說明 The editor has illustrated the book with black-and-white photographs. His story illustrates her true generosity very clearly. Sports Illustrated: a popular US sports magazine published each week by T

34、ime Inc, part of Time Warner. It first appeared in 1954, and is read mainly by men.,Language Study,14.digest: n. a short account of written materials or data 文摘；摘要 a digest of the weeks news 一周新聞?wù)?The world smiles with Readers Digest. 讀者文摘給全世界帶來歡笑。 vt. 1)convert food into absorbable substances 消化 T

35、he baby had a hard time digesting such rich food. 2) to think about and understand sth. 理解，明白 It took me some time to digest what I had heard. n. digestion 消化，吸收；理解，明白 (反)indigestion,Language Study,15.generate: v. bring into being; give rise to形成，產(chǎn)生 generate heat / power / employment / enthusiasm Th

36、e accident generated a lot of public interest in the nuclear power issue. 這次事故引起公眾對核動(dòng)力問題的廣泛關(guān)注。 n. generator generation 一代（人） generation gap 代溝 a. generative 生產(chǎn)的，有生產(chǎn)能力的,Language Study,16. insurance: n. promise of reimbursement in the case of loss; protection against future loss 保險(xiǎn)（費(fèi)） an insurance com

37、pany 保險(xiǎn)公司 life insurance 人壽保險(xiǎn) household insurance 家庭保險(xiǎn) an insurance against fire 火險(xiǎn) Air freight and insurance will be paid by you. 空運(yùn)費(fèi)用及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)將由貴公司支付。,Language Study,17. policy: n. 1) a written statement of the details of an agreement with an insurance company 保險(xiǎn)單 an all-risks policy 綜合險(xiǎn)保單 policy-holde

38、rs 投保人 2) a course of action for dealing with a particular matter or situation 政策，方針 big stick policy 大棒政策，實(shí)力政策 open-door policy 門戶開放政策 wait-and-see policy 觀望政策 The policy of a great power is sustained by respect, not compassion. 一個(gè)大國的政策是靠敬重，而不是靠憐憫來維持的。,Language Study,18. pick up: be ready to pay 付（

39、賬） If he loses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs. He picked up his hat and went away. 拿起，撿起 Will you please pick up my parcel at the post office as you pass by? 把帶走 We picked up speed as we went downhill. 增加 I picked up Radio Beijing last night. 收聽，收看 The shipwrecked sa

40、ilors were picked up by a passing boat. 救起，解救 Her health soon picked up after a few days rest.好轉(zhuǎn) Ill pick you up at six. 用汽車接/搭載 She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. Pick up bad habits / a cold 染病惡習(xí),Language Study,19.minor: a. smaller, less serious or less important than others

41、 較小的，較少的，較次要的 minor repairs / operations / injuries / role in a play On the face of it, the problem seems minor. 單從表面上判斷，這個(gè)問題似乎較小。 她說這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤只是一個(gè)小小的失誤。 She says the mistake was just a minor slip. Aside/Apart from physical problems, these patients also show a lot of hostility.,Language Study,20.cut back:

42、 reduce in size or amount 減少，消減 If we dont sell more goods, well have to cut back (on) production. After NPC, the government decided to cut back military spending to ensure more on infrastructure. C.f. The gardener cut back all the bushes. 園丁把所有的灌木叢都修剪了。,Language Study,21.lower: v. cause to drop or

43、sink 降低 Lower the window shade, please. 請拉下遮光窗簾。 Prices have lowered. 物價(jià)已下跌了。 Collocations: lower the quality of life降低生活質(zhì)量 lower oneself 失身份；自甘墮落 lower ones voice 壓低聲音,Language Study,22.dine out: eat a meal away from home ( usu. in a restaurant) 外出吃飯 to dine out to celebrate ones birthday 去外面吃飯慶祝某人

44、生日 As more working mothers appear, many families have to dine out. With the improvement of living standards, more people dine out at weekends. More people have accepted the growing trend of dining out on weekend.,Language Study,23.patronize: go to as a customer. 光顧，惠顧 The restaurant featuring French

45、 dishes is patronized by a lot of politicians and journalists. When he was a student, Mark often patronized the little shop near the college due to its inexpensive goods. N. patron 顧客,贊助人,Language Study,24.suspect:v.believe to be true, likely or probable; feel doubt about 相信；懷疑 n. 嫌疑犯 suspect sb. of

46、 (doing) sth. 懷疑某人(做)某事 suspect that 懷疑 It was perfect that the police had not suspected him of anything. It was too late for him when he suspected he had fallen into the trap. 當(dāng)他覺出上了當(dāng)時(shí)，已為時(shí)晚矣。 n. suspicion 懷疑；疑心 above/beyond suspicion 無可置疑的 under suspicion 受到懷疑的,Language Study,25.budget: v. a system

47、atic plan for the expenditure of a usually fixed resource, such as money or time, during a given period 預(yù)算 Keep the budget under control A new car will not be part of our budget this year. 我們已經(jīng)削減了這個(gè)月的預(yù)算。 We have cut our budget this month. project budget 項(xiàng)目預(yù)算 balanced budget 平衡預(yù)算 defense budget 國防預(yù)算

48、on a budget 避免不必要的開支，節(jié)省費(fèi)用 on a tight budget 預(yù)算緊張,Language Study,26.requirement: n. sth. needed or asked for 要求；必備條件 Can this computer handle the requirements of the wages department? 這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)能處理工資部門的要求嗎？ meet/satisfy ones requirements 符合/達(dá)到某人的要求 Candidates who fail to meet these requirements will not b

49、e admitted to the university. 不符合這些要求的應(yīng)考生不能上這所大學(xué)。,Language Study,27.scale: n. a relative level or degree ( usu. used in the phrase: on a scale of ) 規(guī)模，等級 On a scale of one to ten, how do you rate his performance? 按照從一到十的等級，你怎么來評定他的表現(xiàn)? on a small/large scale ?。ù螅┮?guī)模地 a large-scale business operation 大

50、規(guī)模的商業(yè)行動(dòng) We are now seeing unemployment on an unprecedented scale. 我們現(xiàn)在正看到規(guī)?？涨暗氖I(yè)現(xiàn)象。,Language Study,28.resist: v. keep from giving in to or enjoying 抵制 resist sth./doing sth. I was unable to resist laughing at the sight of the funny clown. Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist dise

51、ase. 營養(yǎng)不良降低了他們抵抗疾病的能力。 Collocation: resist temptation 抵制誘惑 n. resistance 抵抗（力），反抗 a. resistant 有抵抗力的，抵抗的,Language Study,29.profit: n. an advantageous gain or return 收益，利潤 at a profit獲利，賺錢/ fat profit巨額利潤 reap profits at the expense of others損人利己 small profits and quick returns薄利多銷 This new invention

52、 will bring you great profits like a goldmine. V. to be of advantage to 獲利，得益 profit by / from 得益于，從中得到益處 The students do hope to profit by / from the teachers comments on their compositions.,Language Study,30.invest:v. commit (money or capital) in order to gain a financial return 投資 He invested 10,

53、000 dollars in an oil company. 他在一家石油公司投資了一萬美元。 我已經(jīng)在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上花費(fèi)了許多時(shí)間和精力。 I have invested a lot of time and effort in this plan. invest in: to buy 買進(jìn) I have decided to invest in a new car. 我已經(jīng)決定買輛新車。 n. investment 投資 make an investment in sth.,Back,Text Translation:,A decade ago, Nancy did what so many A

54、mericans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/due to /owing to their desire to improve the quality of their lives. But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. With

55、out her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses.,Text Translation:,Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money. Fortuna

56、tely, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her version of a better life.,Text Translation:,Resist, primarily, patronize, dine out, profit, indoor, patronize, on balance, on a large scale 相當(dāng)多的孩子體重越來越重，這個(gè)趨勢正日益明顯。這個(gè)現(xiàn)象主要可以用以下兩

57、個(gè)原因來解釋。隨著人們生活水平的提高，孩子們有更多的機(jī)會(huì)外出就餐。他們無法抵制麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基或者是必勝客的誘惑。這些快餐公司在針對孩子的廣告花了上百萬的錢。 這些廣告又反過來給公司帶來了巨大的利潤。,孩子們經(jīng)常光顧這些快餐連鎖店，結(jié)果不可避免的胖起來。第二個(gè)原因是缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)。今天的孩子們忙于學(xué)習(xí)，有的甚至整天呆在屋里。 卡路里攝入的增加，運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間的減少，導(dǎo)致了孩子肥胖的危險(xiǎn)?？偟恼f來，我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注孩子們的健康問題。應(yīng)該大規(guī)模的開展一項(xiàng)反對西方快餐瘋狂進(jìn)攻中國的運(yùn)動(dòng)。,Key to translation,There is a growing trend that quite a number

58、 of children are getting overweight. This fact can be primarily accounted for by the following two reasons. With great improvement in peoples living standard, children now have much more chances to dine out. They just cant resist the temptation of Mc Donald, KFC or Pizza hut, which have spent millio

59、ns of dollars on advertising directed at kids. This in turn brings about great profits to these companies.,Children patronize these fast food outlets so often that they are inevitably getting obese. The second reason is lack of sports. Children today are extremely occupied by their studies, and some

60、 even go so far as to stay indoor all day long. Increased calorie intake and decreased exercise time leads to obesity risk in children. On balance more attention should be paid on childrens health problem, and a campaign, on a large scale, against crazy aggression of western fast food should be laun

61、ched.,Back,Additional Translation,1.The product is so successful that its name _ (已經(jīng)家喻戶曉). 2.(就工作道德而言) _， there can be no compromises. 3.(不是所有的教育者都持有同一種觀點(diǎn)） _ that examination is the best way to test students.,has become a household word,When it comes to work ethic,Not all the educators hold the same

62、 idea,Additional Translation,4.她在追求自己的目標(biāo)時(shí)表現(xiàn)出堅(jiān)定性與勇氣。 5.我們沒法使他明白吸毒對他健康的危害。,Back,She showed steadiness and courage in the pursuit of her aims.,We cant get it through to him that using drugs is bad for his health.,Text B Language Study,1. at one time: 曾經(jīng), 一度 At one time, I wanted to be an actor. 他一度當(dāng)過老師

63、, 但現(xiàn)在在外貿(mào)工作 He was a teacher at one time, but now he works for foreign trade. 2. get along: (生活) 過得去, 過日子 Dont worry about him, hes getting along quite well. We can just get along on my fathers salary.,Text B Language Study,3. percentage: n. 百分比；部分 a high/large/small percentage 高/大/小百分率 in percentage

64、 terms 按百分比 The numbers are small, in percentage terms, but significant. 按百分比來說，這些數(shù)字是小的，但意義卻重大。,Text B Language Study,4. miss out (on sth.): 缺少, 未得到 I missed out on last weeks lecture, can you tell me something about it? 你在報(bào)告里漏掉了重要的兩點(diǎn). You have missed out two important points in your report. 5. gasp

65、(因驚訝等)倒抽一口氣 gasp in amazement 驚訝地倒抽一口氣 at the last gasp 最后時(shí)刻 Lily fainted with pain at the last gasp.,Text B Language Study,mute: 每日乘車往返 commuter. n. 乘交通車上下班的人 He commutes from Oxford to London every day. 他每天往返在松江和浦東之間。 He commutes from Songjiang to Pudong every day. 7.whip up: make quickly 快速完成 He whipped up a report in half an hour. 再有10分鐘就上課了, 我必須把面包趕快吃完。 I have to whip up the bread as the class is just 10 minutes away.,Text B Language Study,8.go with： 與搭配, 與和諧 There are quite a lot of