必修三Unit 1 Festivals around the world Period 3 Learning about language Grammar

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1、 Unit 1　Festivals around the world Period 3　Learning about language: Grammar 整體設(shè)計(jì) 教材分析 This is the third teaching period of this unit. To test whether students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the teacher should first offer them some rev

2、ision exercises. Then lead in the new lesson. This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: modal verbs—the use of can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t. Students often feel modal verbs abstract and difficult, so it is necessary to make the lesson interesting and con

3、nect it with their daily life in order to make it easy to accept and understand. Firstly, the teacher can ask students to read the reading passage FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS again, tick out the sentences using modal verbs from the reading passage and translate them into Chinese. Secondly, compare an

4、d discover the uses of each modal verb by giving a lot of example sentences. Thirdly, do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 5 and more exercises for students to master the related modal verbs. Finally, summarize the use of can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must,

5、 can’t. At the end of the class, ask students to do the exercises in Using structures on Page 43 and additional exercises for consolidation. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn) Get students to learn and master the use of can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn) Enable students to learn how to use

6、 some modal verbs correctly. 三維目標(biāo) 知識目標(biāo) 1. Get students to know the characters of modal verbs. 2. Let students learn the use of can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t. 能力目標(biāo) Enable students to use modal verbs correctly and properly according to the context. 情感目標(biāo) 1. Get

7、 students to become interested in grammar learning. 2. Develop students’ sense of group cooperation. 教學(xué)過程 設(shè)計(jì)方案(一) →Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Dictate some new words and expressions. →Step 2 Leading-in by a guessing game The teacher prepares some little gifts wrappe

8、d in paper and let students guess what the gifts are, who will be given the gifts and answer why they guess so. Tell students they can use such modal verbs as may, must, can’t, and so on. The teacher may write some sentences on the blackboard according to what students say and explain how to use mo

9、dal verbs to express speculation, possibility, etc. Suggested sentences: 1. It must be a toy. (speculation) 2. It may be a book about how to learn English. (possibility) 3. Can it be a pen? (guessing) 4. You will give it to student who can speak English well. (promise; ability) 5. What you gu

10、essed can’t be true. (guessing) →Step 3 Grammar learning 1. Reading and discovering Ask students to turn back to Page 1 to read through the passage FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS, let them pick out the sentences using modal verbs and translate them into Chinese. Suggested answers: 1. The most ancie

11、nt festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的節(jié)日總是慶祝嚴(yán)寒的結(jié)束、春季的種植和秋天的收獲。 2. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些節(jié)日, 是為了紀(jì)念死者, 或者使祖先得到滿足, 因?yàn)樽嫦葌冇锌赡芑氐绞郎希ńo人們）提供幫助, 也有

12、可能帶來危害。 3. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂蘭盆節(jié), 人們要掃墓、燒香, 以緬懷祖先。 4. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他們也點(diǎn)起燈籠, 奏響樂曲, 因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這樣可以把祖先引回到世上。 5

13、. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets. 它（萬圣節(jié)前夕）現(xiàn)在是兒童們的節(jié)日, 他們可以喬裝打扮, 到鄰居家要糖吃。 6. If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果鄰居們不給糖果, 孩子們可能會捉弄他們。 7. Festivals can also be held to honor f

14、amous people. 有些節(jié)日也可以是紀(jì)念名人的。 8. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收獲節(jié)和感恩節(jié)是非常喜慶的節(jié)日。 9. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人可能因?yàn)樗麄兊霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品（參加評選）而獲獎, 比如最大的西瓜或最帥的公雞。 10. These carnivals might inclu

15、de parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. 狂歡節(jié)也許包括街頭游行、晝夜跳舞、鼓噪的音樂和各種艷麗的盛裝。 2. Thinking and discussing Let students read the sentences they picked out, think over and discuss with a partner how each of these modal verbs is being used in the sit

16、uations. If students have some difficulty, give them a hand. 3. Summing up: the use of can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must and can’t. 情態(tài)動詞 (Modal Verbs) 情態(tài)動詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、意愿、態(tài)度等。從用法上來說, 它有如下幾個特點(diǎn): 1)情態(tài)動詞本身都有一定的詞義; 2)情態(tài)動詞單獨(dú)不能在句子中充當(dāng)謂語; 3)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化; 4)情態(tài)動詞后接都不帶to的不定式（除ough

17、t外）, 即接動詞原形。 常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 1. can/could 1)表示腦力或體力上的能力 Nobody can stop the development of science. 誰也無法阻止科學(xué)的發(fā)展。 She can sing that song in English. 她能用英文唱那首歌。 He could hardly support his family before he found the new job. 他在找到那份新工作前幾乎無法養(yǎng)家糊口。 I could not understand the lecture on the computer g

18、iven by Mr. Smith. 我聽不懂史密斯先生作的那個關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)的講座。 2)表示客觀上的可能性 You can borrow this useful book from the library. 你可以從圖書館借到這種有用的書。 A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found. 不可能找到比他更適合這份工作的人了。 When the storm stopped, the plane could take off. 當(dāng)風(fēng)暴停下來時, 飛機(jī)可以起飛了。 3)表示主觀上的允許 Can I ask

19、 you some questions about it? 我可以問你有關(guān)這件事的幾個問題嗎？ You can not leave here till I come back. 直到我回來你才能離開。 Such kind of thing can’t happen any more later. 這類事以后不準(zhǔn)再發(fā)生了。 Can/Could you tell me how to get to the airport? 你能告訴我怎么去機(jī)場嗎？ 4)（用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中）表示猜測、懷疑或驚詫 How can/could you be here? 你怎么會在這兒

20、？ She couldn’t/can’t be so stupid to do that. 她不可能蠢得去做那種事吧。 Where could/can the boy be now? 那孩子現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢？ 另外, could還常用于表示客氣委婉的看法、提問以及用于虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中。這時could就不可以看作是can的過去式了, 而是could自己獨(dú)特的用法。例如: Could you speak a little slowly? 您能說慢一點(diǎn)兒嗎？ I’m afraid that we couldn’t give you any definite answer at th

21、is moment. 恐怕我們這時候還無法給予您確切的答復(fù)。 I could come earlier if asked. 如果要讓我早一點(diǎn)來, 我可以來早一點(diǎn)。 2. may/might 1)表示可能性 I may be busy from tomorrow on. 從明天起我可能會忙起來。 You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning. 你在早晨五點(diǎn)鐘以前起來, 或許能從這兒看到日出。 I wondered if they might agree

22、with the idea. 我想知道他們是否會同意這種想法。 She thought it might be wise to try her luck here. 她認(rèn)為在這兒碰碰運(yùn)氣也不錯。 2)表示允許 May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？ I’d like to have a smoke here if I may. 如果可以的話我想在這兒抽一支煙。 The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days. 圖書管理員告訴她說, 她可以在三天后還那本

23、書。 3)may用來表示祝愿 May that day come soon. 但愿這天早日到來。 May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game. 祝愿你比賽奪冠成功。 4)might也常用于一些狀語從句中或虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中 I could not convince him, try as I might. 我無論用什么樣的辦法也不能說服他。 They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train. 那天, 他們?yōu)榱粟s上頭

24、班車動身早一些。 He died so that the others might live. 為了其他的人能活下去, 他自己犧牲了。 If you had made better use of your time, you might have learned more. 假若你將自己的時間利用得更好一些, 你本可以學(xué)到更多東西的。 注意: 在回答以may引導(dǎo)的問句時, 一般避免使用may, 以免顯得太嚴(yán)厲、或不太客氣, 而改用其他方式。例如: —May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？ —Yes, please. /Sure. /Certainly. 請進(jìn)。 —Ple

25、ase don’t. 請不要進(jìn)來。/—No, you mustn’t. 不能進(jìn)來。 3. must 1)表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事 We must protect the people’s rights. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)人民的利益。 Everyone must be loyal to his motherland. 每個人都應(yīng)該忠于自己的祖國。 Students must work hard at their study. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2)表示出于主觀意識而必須要做某事 We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.

26、 我們必須加速經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐。 We must keep steps to the scientific development. 我們一定要與科學(xué)的發(fā)展保持步調(diào)一致。 You must hurry up or you’ll be late. 你必須得快點(diǎn)兒, 不然會遲到的。 注意: (1)must和have to的區(qū)別: must表示出于主觀意識而必須要做某事; have to卻表示由于某種客觀原因而不得不做某事, 另外have to還有時態(tài)的變化。例如: I have to go now for I’ve got a meeting 15 minutes later. 我現(xiàn)

27、在必須要走了, 因?yàn)槲?5分鐘后有個會要開。 He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten. 他必須在五點(diǎn)鐘前回家去幼兒園接他的兒子。 (2)在回答以must引導(dǎo)的問句時, 若是否定答復(fù), 不用mustn’t, 而用needn’t 或don’t have to, 因?yàn)閙ustn’t表示禁止, 意思是“絕不能”“一定不要”, 而沒有“不必”的意思。例如: —Must we hand in our exercises today? 我們今天必須交作業(yè)嗎？ —Yes, you must. 是的, 必須

28、交。 —No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 不, 沒必要。 3)用于否定句, 表示禁止 Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 嚴(yán)禁在辦公室吸煙。 You mustn’t talk to girls like that. 你絕不能那樣對女孩子說話。 4)表示推測（用于肯定句） You must be tired after working so long. 你工作這么久了, 肯定累了吧。 It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside.

29、外面這么濕, 昨晚肯定下雨了。 4. shall 用作情態(tài)動詞時, 適用于第二人稱和第三人稱。 1)表示允諾 The Fairy said, “Whatever you want, you shall have. ” 仙女說: “你想得到什么, 你就可以有什么?！? I don’t want to be hard on your daughter; she shan’t be pressed. 我不想對你女兒太嚴(yán)厲, 她不會太受壓的。 2)表示命令 You shall come to my office immediately. 你必須馬上來我的辦公室。 She shall

30、 not stay in my garden. 她不許呆在我的花園里。 3)表示必然 That day shall come. 那一天一定會到來。 This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2007. 這項(xiàng)法律于2007年元月1日生效。 4)表示約定 The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state. 租賃者要保持房屋整潔有序。 The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchase

31、r shall make payment within 15 days after receipt of the goods. 賣方十月以前裝運(yùn), 買方在收到貨物后十五天內(nèi)付款。 5. should 1)表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事 You shouldn’t come to such a decision hastily. 你不應(yīng)該匆匆忙忙地作出這么一個決定。 We should read English aloud every morning. 我們應(yīng)該每天早晨朗讀英文。 2)表示對某種情況的估計(jì) She shouldn’t be out in such an early

32、morning. 她不會這么一大早就出去了吧。 This book should be published in two months at most. 這本書最多兩個月后就會出版的。 3)用于某些從句中表示虛擬語氣 The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized. 大夫堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為那個女孩要住院治療。 If it had not been for the doctor’s care, the girl should not be speaking to you now. 要不是由于大夫的精心照料, 這個女孩現(xiàn)在就

33、不能與你說話了。 6. will/would 1)用于第二人稱的疑問句, 表示請求（would更客氣、委婉） Will you tell her that I’ll be back in twenty minutes? 請告訴她我二十分鐘后回來, 好嗎？ Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center? 您能告訴我怎么去購物中心嗎？ 2)表示愿望 Go where you will. 去你想去的地方吧。 He wouldn’t let the doctor take his blood pressure. 他不愿意

34、讓大夫給他量血壓。 3)表示習(xí)慣、傾向 Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon. 有時候, 那只貓總是整個下午都躺在那兒。 He would sit there for hours, doing nothing at all. 他總是在那兒一坐就是幾個小時, 什么都不干。 4）表示決心 We will never talk about that subject again. 我們決不會再談?wù)撨@個話題了。 He said he would make this computer work even if he had to s

35、tay up all night. 他說他即使整晚不睡覺也一定要讓這臺計(jì)算機(jī)工作起來。 →Step 4 Grammar practice 1. Turn to Page 5. Ask students to do Exercise 2 in Discovering useful structures. First let them discuss in pairs how each of these modal verbs is being used in the situations. Then check the answers with the whole class. Give

36、some explanations if necessary. 2. Turn to Page 43. Ask students to do Exercise 1 and Exercise 2. Check the answers after most of them finish. →Step 5 Dialogues Show the following on the screen. Working in pairs, complete the dialogues using modal verbs and then be ready to present your dialogue

37、s to the class. 1. A: ______________ you like to go to a special event with us on Sunday? B: Yes, I __________________________. 2. A: ______________ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he __________________________. 3. A: _______________ I go with my friends to the harve

38、st festival? B: Yes, you __________________________. 4. A: If I want to be a doctor _____________ I study science? B: Yes, you . 5. A: He is very handsome. ______________ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he __________________________. 6. A: The neighbors’ children are older this year.

39、______________ they stop playing tricks at Halloween? B: Perhaps, they __________________________. The following procedures may be followed: 1. Let students complete the dialogues using modal verbs individually. 2. Check the answers with the whole class. 3. Ask students to practice their dialo

40、gues in pairs. 4. Let some pairs perform their dialogues in the front. Suggested answers: 1. A: Would B: ‘d like to go with you on Sunday 2. A: Could B: couldn’t find it 3. A: May B: may go (with your friends) 4. A: should B: should study science 5. A: Can B: can’t play the role of the p

41、rince 6. A: Might/Should B: might/should stop playing tricks at Halloween →Step 6 Closing down by a quiz Show the following exercises on the screen. Let students finish them within five minutes to see if they have mastered the use of modal verbs. Five minutes later, check the answers with the wh

42、ole class. 1. Peter ______________ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 2. Michael ______________ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may 3. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______________ be here at any mome

43、nt. A. must B. need C. should D. can 4. John, you ______________ play with the knife; you ______________ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 5. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They ______________ be ready

44、 by 12: 00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 6. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I ______________ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 7. I didn’t see her in the meeting this morning. She ______________ have spoken at the meeting. A. mustn’t B.

45、 shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 8. Susan ______________ written a report like this. A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought to not have 9. Sorry, I’m late. I ______________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 10. J

46、enny ______________ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would 11. We ______________ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 12. —Will you stay for lunch? —Sorr

47、y, ______________. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t 13. Mary ______________ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not 14. A computer ______________ think for itself; it must be told wha

48、t to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not 15. —Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, of course, you ______________. A. might B. will C. can D. should Suggested answers: 1～5 BBCBB　6～10 DDCAB　11～15 CBCAC →Step 7 Homework 1. Finish off the workbook exercises. 2. Preview the p

49、assage A SAD LOVE STORY on Page 7, find the sentences in which modal verbs are used, and see if you can understand the situations. 設(shè)計(jì)方案(二) →Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Translate the following into English. 1)紀(jì)念; 追念 2)盛裝; 打扮 3)搞惡作劇; 詐騙; 開玩笑 4)期望; 期待; 盼望 5)日夜; 晝夜; 整天

50、6)人們喜歡聚在一起, 吃吃喝喝, 互相玩得開心。(have fun with) 7)她的婚禮下周舉行。(take place) 8)她看上去好像生病了。(as though/as if) →Step 2 Warming up Tell students that modal verbs such as may, might, will, would, can, could, shall, should and must are used for many purposes. Ask them to read through the reading passage and find o

51、ut at least ten sentences that contain modal verbs. Then let them explain the meaning and discuss in pairs how each of the modal verbs is being used in the situations. →Step 3 Learning the use of modal verbs 1. Ask students to turn to Page 89 and learn the grammar Modal Verbs by themselves. 2. En

52、courage them to ask as many questions as possible. Give them explanations if necessary. 3. Solve the problems students meet during their study. 4. Sum up. →Step 4 Practice 1. Ask students to do Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 in Discovering useful structures on Page 5. 2. Let students do the followin

53、g additional exercise. Working in pairs, complete the dialogues using modal verbs and then be ready to present your dialogues to the class. 1. A: ______________ you like to go to a special event with us on Sunday? B: Yes, I __________________________. 2. A: ______________ Xiao Feng find the ori

54、gin of Easter from that book? B: No, he __________________________. 3. A: _____________ I go with my friends to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you __________________________. 4. A: If I want to be a doctor ________________ I study science? B: Yes, you __________________________. 5. A: He is

55、very handsome. ______________ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he __________________________. 6. A: The neighbors’ children are older this year. ______________ they stop playing tricks at Halloween? B: Perhaps, they __________________________ . →Step 5 Consolidation Ask students to finis

56、h the following exercises within 8 minutes. Then check the answers with the whole class. 1. 單句改錯 1)Mr. Smith looks pale. He can be ill. 2)You must be joking. That mustn’t be true. 3)Come to take the photos tomorrow morning. It may be ready by then. 4)The fire spread so fast that only one-third

57、of the people could escape the fire. 2. Exercise 1 and Exercise 2 in Using structures on Page 43. →Step 6 Homework 1. Finish off the Workbook exercises. 2. Read through the part Modal Verbs on Pages 89-91 again and take notes in your exercise book. 板書設(shè)計(jì) Unit 1　Festivals around the world Modal

58、 verbs Modal verbs Examples can/could —Can/Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, you can. may/might —May/Might I come in? —Yes, please. /Sure. /Certainly. —Please don’t. /—No, you mustn’t. must/mustn’t —Must we hand in our exercises today? —Yes, you must. —No, you needn’t/don’t have t

59、o. You mustn’t talk to girls like that. must/can’t You must be tired after working so long. She can’t be so stupid to do that. will/would Will/Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center? He will/would sit there for hours, doing nothing at all. shall/should You shall come to my offi

60、ce immediately. We should read English aloud every morning. 活動與探究 Suppose Xiao Gang is absent today. Your teacher wants to know why he is absent, but no one knows the reason exactly. Make up a dialogue between the teacher, you and some of your classmates. Try to use as many modal verbs as possibl

61、e. Be ready to present your dialogue to the class. This activity is designed not only to help students know how to use modal verbs they have learned but also to make for the development of students’ writing and speaking ability. The teacher should make proper remarks after each group present the dialogue. 11