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1、三年(2017-2019)年高考真題分項(xiàng)匯編
專題01 冠詞、名詞
一、2019年高考真題
1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)今,旅行的重點(diǎn)從購(gòu)物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A. priority優(yōu)先;優(yōu)先權(quán);B. potential潛在的,可能的;C. propo
2、rtion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,撫恤金。故選A。
2.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的影響。 statement“陳述說(shuō)明”; impact“強(qiáng)烈的影響,沖擊力”
3、; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。
3.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指,意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”,故填the。
4【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò)】Suddenly football
4、feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞,前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn),故在football前加a;考查連詞。句意:突然一個(gè)足球落在我前邊并且差點(diǎn)打到我。“足球落下來(lái)”與“打到我”兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是順承關(guān)系,不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。
5.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered
5、different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. …
【答案】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different (1)I would like to do. First, I wanted t
6、o be a fireman, whose uniform looked so (2). Then, when I was in the (3) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher (4) much.
【解析】(1) 考查名詞的數(shù)?!癹ob(工作;職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞,用different(不同的)修飾時(shí)意思為不同種類的工作,應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。
(2)考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked(看起來(lái)…樣)”為系動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞后需用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故將coolly改為cool
7、。
(3)考查序數(shù)詞。年級(jí)、班級(jí)是按數(shù)字順序排列的,所以“在幾年級(jí)”中的數(shù)詞需要用序數(shù)詞。故將five改為fifth。
(4)考查副詞。句意:在五年級(jí)的時(shí)候,因?yàn)槲曳浅O矚g我的英語(yǔ)老師,所以我想變成一名老師?!皊o much”在句中一般表達(dá)肯定意思,可與that連用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多,一般與to搭配,表達(dá)否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句話表達(dá)肯定意思,非常so much 或very much,故將too改為very/so。
6.【2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【
8、答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞,意思是“相同的”,常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。
二、2018年高考真題
1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【
9、解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵(lì)科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A. advice建議;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀請(qǐng)。故選C。
【解題指導(dǎo)】本題考查名詞辨析。名詞和動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)的考查是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。本題語(yǔ)法上是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,從句that there is life on other planets in the universe是來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明前面所選擇的名詞。根據(jù)常識(shí)可以判斷,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一種可能性,目前無(wú)法證明,從而選出正確答案。
2.【2018·江蘇】32. Tr
10、y?to?understand?what’s?actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解題指導(dǎo)】本題考查名詞辨析。名詞考查是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。本題抓住句中的關(guān)鍵詞actually happening實(shí)際發(fā)生和instead of而不是,可知是假設(shè),從而選出正確答案。
3. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語(yǔ)法填空】Two of the
11、authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。
4. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改
12、錯(cuò)】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下,故加定冠詞the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下,故加定冠詞the。
5. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語(yǔ)法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over
13、 ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長(zhǎng)了近125%,而大米只增長(zhǎng)了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。
6. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語(yǔ)法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then
14、 a 400-pound male appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語(yǔ)at the top of,此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
7. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語(yǔ)法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,我是一名科
2.【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with
15、a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】試題分析:句意:天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)今天會(huì)是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影響;B.感覺;C.改變;D.機(jī)會(huì),可能性。故選D。
考點(diǎn):考查名詞辨析。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】詞匯辨析是每次試卷中必然出現(xiàn)的題型,所以平時(shí)一定要把詞匯放在句中進(jìn)行記憶。在復(fù)習(xí)詞匯的時(shí)候,要依據(jù)語(yǔ)言的橫向組合和縱向聚合,按照點(diǎn)-線-面順序,構(gòu)建知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境,對(duì)知識(shí)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行鞏固、深化和提升,這樣才能提高復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
16、的效率。這樣,再做單項(xiàng)填空題時(shí),就會(huì)覺得游刃有余。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)中的詞匯用法,平時(shí)要多歸納總結(jié),詞匯用法的特殊語(yǔ)法規(guī)則更要特別記憶。最好把詞匯放在句子中,連同句子一起記憶,這樣能夠加強(qiáng)記憶。
3.【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析: 句意:這個(gè)比賽獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)品是一個(gè)巴黎的兩個(gè)星期的假期。第一空填t
17、he,是特指“獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)品”,用定冠詞,第二空是泛指“一個(gè)兩周的假期”,用不定冠詞a。故選A。
考點(diǎn):考查冠詞。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題著重理解定冠詞和不定冠詞的區(qū)別,定冠詞the表示特指,不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;對(duì)于冠詞特指和泛指的考查是歷年來(lái)高考的必考點(diǎn),平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)要多進(jìn)行積累,仔細(xì)分析特指還是泛指。同時(shí),更為重要的是要多去積累習(xí)慣表達(dá),特殊表達(dá),這也是近幾年高考習(xí)慣考的地方??偠灾?,多解題、多理解、多積累才是關(guān)鍵。做冠詞的題目語(yǔ)感非常重要,平時(shí)閱讀的時(shí)候,注意出現(xiàn)冠詞的地方,體會(huì)是特指還是泛指。
4.【2016·江蘇】24. — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
考點(diǎn):考查名詞辨析
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