2015年電大《績效與薪酬實務(wù)》專科期末備考復習題及參考答案資料.doc
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電大《績效與薪酬實務(wù)》期末備考復習題及參考答案 1、 單項選擇題(在各題的備選答案中,只有1項是正確的,請將正確答案的序號填寫在題中的括號內(nèi),每小題2分。) 1.( B )環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)定績效指標和績效標準。 A.績效考核 B.績效計劃 C.績效實施 D.績效反饋 2.( C )理論認為,人的行為受到內(nèi)在需求的激勵。 A. 赫茲伯格的雙因素理論 B. 強化理論 C. 馬斯洛的需求層次理論 D. 期望理論 二、多選選擇題(在各題的備選答案中,有2個或2個以上的答案是正確的,請將正確答案的序號填寫在題中的括號內(nèi),多選或錯選均不得分) 1.平衡計分卡法從(A )、內(nèi)部流程、客戶、( D )四個方面衡量績效。 A.財務(wù) B.服務(wù) C.組織行為 D.組織學習 2.下列選項正確的是( C、D )。 A.績效加薪、一次性獎金計入基本薪酬,會引起勞動力成本的長期上漲。 B.計件工資、傭金操作復雜,管理成本較大。 C.一次性獎金、特殊績效獎金、計件工資、傭金以客觀的績效指標為依據(jù),能夠比較準確、全面地體現(xiàn)員工的工作表現(xiàn)。 D.計件工資、傭金使員工過分關(guān)注個人績效,忽視了一些對組織重要的、但對員工個人績效沒有直接關(guān)系的方面。 3. 企業(yè)福利資金的籌集方式有(A?。隆。? )。 A.組織自己籌集福利資金 B.通過組織和員工共同承擔福利費用籌集C.向社會募集 D.通過員工承擔某些福利的全部資金籌集 4. 薪酬調(diào)查的目的包括( A B?。谩。? ) A.了解勞動力市場和競爭對手的薪酬狀況,有針對性地制定本組織的薪酬水平,增強本組織薪酬水平在勞動力市場上的競爭力。 B.了解競爭對手的薪酬結(jié)構(gòu)狀況,為調(diào)整本組織的薪酬結(jié)構(gòu)提供依據(jù)。C.學習競爭對手的薪酬管理經(jīng)驗,提高本組織的薪酬管理能力。D.評估競爭對手的勞動力成本,有效控制本組織的勞動力成本。 三、判斷題(在你認為正確的命題的括號里打“√”,在錯誤的命題的括號里打“”) 1.在績效計劃環(huán)節(jié),要設(shè)計績效指標和績效標準。(√ ) 2.績效管理就是績效考核。( ) 3.基本薪酬以崗位為依據(jù)決定。( ) 4.大多數(shù)福利具有普惠性。( √ ) 四、名詞解釋 1、特征法 特征法把人格特征作為決定績效的重要因素,通過界定有利于帶來高績效的人格特征,評價員工在多大程度上具有這些人格特征,以此來推斷員工的績效。 2、津貼 津貼是指為了補償員工額外或特殊的勞動消耗,保證員工的工資水平不受特殊條件影響而支付的報酬。 五、簡答題 1.簡述技能薪酬模式的優(yōu)勢。 技能薪酬模式的優(yōu)勢體現(xiàn)在以下五個方面:第一,能夠激勵員工學習技能,形成高水平技能;第二,技能薪酬模式有利于提高員工應(yīng)對環(huán)境變化的能力;第三,技能薪酬模式為員工全面、深刻地認識業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)功能提供了機會;第四,技能薪酬模式有利于降低勞動成本;第五,技能薪酬模式有利于新技術(shù)的引進。 2.簡述績效考核的原則 組織在績效考核中應(yīng)遵循以下四個原則:(1)績效考核內(nèi)容與工作績效一致原則;(2)績效考核指標的可觀察原則;(3)績效考核體系的結(jié)構(gòu)性原則;(4)績效考核指標的獨立性原則。 3.薪酬調(diào)查的主要內(nèi)容有哪些?應(yīng)該如何做好薪酬調(diào)查? 薪酬調(diào)查的項目主要包括基準崗位描述、最低小時工資、平均小時工資、中位數(shù)小時工資、最高小時工資、基本薪酬及其結(jié)構(gòu)、獎金、其他績效薪酬、各種補充福利計劃、薪酬政策等。薪酬調(diào)查的程序:(1)確定薪酬調(diào)查的目的與方法;(2)選擇調(diào)查崗位;(3)選擇調(diào)查范圍;(4)確定調(diào)查項目;(5)設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷及實施調(diào)查;(6)分析調(diào)查結(jié)果;(7)繪制市場薪酬曲線。 重要名詞解釋及簡答題精匯: 1. 績效標準:衡量績效指標實現(xiàn)程度的尺度,包括績效實現(xiàn)程度的等級以及各等級的定義。 2. 利潤分享計劃:以盈利狀況作為員工所在部門或整個組織績效的衡量指標,以超過盈利目標的部分作為獎金基數(shù),以現(xiàn)金或公司股票形式,在全體員工之間進行分配的制度。 3. 福利:組織為了吸引、保留和激勵員工,以員工及其家庭為對象,在工資等基本工作條件以外的生活條件方面,提供的法定或非法定的報酬。 4. 簡述績效管理的主要環(huán)節(jié)及作用: (1)績效管理的主要環(huán)節(jié)包括績效計劃、績效實施、績效考核、績效反饋。 (2)績效計劃是績效管理的開始環(huán)節(jié),其任務(wù)是設(shè)定績效指標和績效標準??冃嵤┦菍? 現(xiàn)績效指標和達到標準的過程??冃Э己谁h(huán)節(jié)要對員工的工作結(jié)果和工作行為進行評價。在績效反饋環(huán)節(jié),要將考核得到的結(jié)果反饋給兩個方面:一是反饋給員工本人,二是反饋給其他的管理程序。 5. 簡述長期績效薪酬的主要形式及優(yōu)點。 (1)長期績效薪酬是指薪酬衡量周期超過一年的績效薪酬。它一般以股票或股權(quán)作為激勵員工的手段,是員工分享組織所有權(quán)和未來收益權(quán)的一種形式。長期績效薪酬的常見類型有員工持股計劃、股權(quán)激勵計劃和延期薪酬計劃。 (2)對組織來講,第一,它能夠促使員工關(guān)心組織的財務(wù)價值,引導員工提高績效。第二,它能夠吸引和留住高績效員工,第三,長期績效薪酬不計入員工的基本薪酬,并且都有期限,因此不會長期影響組織的勞動力成本,第四,長期績效薪酬計劃在有的國家可以得到減免稅收的優(yōu)惠,第五,長期績效薪酬計劃有資本積累和資金籌集功能,第六,讓員工持有本組織股份有利于防止惡意收購。 對員工來說,第一,能夠體現(xiàn)員工對組織的貢獻,滿足員工參與管理的需求,第二,向員工提供了股票投資機會,為其提高收入、累積財富創(chuàng)造了條件,第三,不要求員工支出資金或者只需支出部分資金,員工在股票分配之前也不需要付稅。 重點案例分析資料匯總: 1. 高興在一家合資公司工作將近5年了,他是一個比較“內(nèi)向”的人,出了工作上的問題,不愿意,也不好意思同他的上司交流。幾年來,這家公司依靠自己擁有的資源,公司發(fā)展得很快,但是,一直不是很重視績效考評。 去年,公司從外部引進了一名人力資源總監(jiān),至此,公司才開始正式施行績效考評制度,大多數(shù)員工也開始知道了一些有關(guān)員工績效管理的具體要求。 在這年年終考評時,高興的上司要同他談話,高興很是不安。雖然他對一年來的工作很滿意,但是不知道他的上司對此怎么看。 這整個談話過程是令人愉快的。高興在談話中,上司對他的表現(xiàn)總體來講是肯定的,同時,指出了他在工作中需要改善的地方。高興也同意此看法,他知道自己有一些缺點。離開上司辦公室時感覺不錯。 但是,當他拿到上司給他的年終考評書面報告時,高興感到非常震驚,且難以置信,書面報告中寫了他很多問題、缺點等負面東西,而他的成績、優(yōu)點等只有一點點。高興覺得這樣的結(jié)果好像有點“不可理喻”。高興從公司公布的“績效考評規(guī)則”上知道,書面考評報告是要長期存檔的,這對高興今后在公司的工作影響很大,他感到很不安且苦惱。 請結(jié)合本案例回答下列問題: (1)績效面談在績效管理中有什么作用?(2)經(jīng)過績效面談后高興感到不安和苦惱,導致這樣的結(jié)果其原因何在?怎樣做才能避免這種問題的產(chǎn)生? 參考答案: (1)說明員工績效面談的作用: ①使考評者與被考評者對績效管理有更加全面深入的認識。通過績效面談,使得考評者對績效管理的目標、考評方法、程序有進一步的認識,有利于下一輪績效考評工作的開展。 ②將員工績效考評的情況的反饋給員工。考評者要將員工績效的真實信息反饋給員工本人,對員工的成績、優(yōu)點進行表揚,要指出員工的問題、缺點,使之改正。 ③依據(jù)考評結(jié)果制定績效改進計劃。制定績效改進計劃是考評者與被考評者共同的事情,考評者要給被考評者一定的指導。 (2)分析問題產(chǎn)生原因表面上看,是“績效面談”使得高興感到苦惱和不安。實際上,產(chǎn)生這樣問題的原因可能有下列幾種情況:①公司績效考評系統(tǒng):公司上下對績效管理目的不清;②高興的上司對高興有偏見; ③高興的上司沒有很好的績效面談技巧,不敢對高興談?wù)搯栴}與缺點。 提出解決問題的對策: ①考評前績效目標制定要明確、客觀、量化。 ②考評過程中要公正、公開、公平、考評者要注意員工績效信息的收集。 ③考評結(jié)束后要注意考評結(jié)果的反饋,考評者與被考評者要就考評的最后結(jié)果達成一致,共同制定員工的績效改進計劃。 2. A公司的高層領(lǐng)導為本公司能夠更好地發(fā)展,去迎接新的挑戰(zhàn),支持公司的人事部門全面修訂了考評制度,重新編制了考評表,并開始實施,如下: 公司對普通員工的考評分為自我考評、上級考評和人事部門考評;對部門經(jīng)理的考評分為自我考評、人事部門考評和下級考評。 每月初,部門經(jīng)理在員工考評表上列出員工本月應(yīng)當完成的主要工作,將考評表發(fā)給員工??荚u表除了列出本月的工作要求外,還有固定的考評項目,如工作態(tài)度、工作品質(zhì)、紀律性、協(xié)調(diào)能力、團隊精神等,每項都說明了含義和分值,考評項目滿分為100分。月末員工填寫考評表為自己打分,交部門經(jīng)理。部門經(jīng)理在同一張考評表上為員工打分,交給人事部門。人事部門對員工進行最終的考評和分數(shù)匯總,并向員工通報當月的考評成績。員工對考評結(jié)果如有疑問,可直接向人事部反映。 普通員工的考評自評占30%,人事部門評分占10%,部門經(jīng)理評分占60%,部門經(jīng)理的考評自評占30%,下級考評占20%,人事部門占10%,上級考評占40%。 請根據(jù)案例回答下列問題: (1)請指出該公司績效管理方面存在的問題?(2)請說明運用績效分析方法確定培訓需求和培訓對象的主要內(nèi)容步驟。 1、參考答案:主要問題 ①員工只參與評價,沒有參與目標制定。 ②參與人員的評價權(quán)重不合理,一般而言,績效評價應(yīng)以上級評價為主。 ③人力資源部考評角色定位有問題,人事部不應(yīng)直接參與考評,而應(yīng)對整個考評的流程進行監(jiān)督。 ④考評期限不合理,部門經(jīng)理的考評期限不宜太短,應(yīng)按季度或年度考評。 ⑤考評反饋應(yīng)由員工的直接上級進行,人力資源部可以負責分數(shù)的匯總,但不能直接把結(jié)果反饋給員工。 2、參考答案:主要步驟 ①通過績效考評明確績效現(xiàn)狀。 ②根據(jù)工作說明書分析績效標準。③確認理想績效與實際績效的差距。④分析績效差距產(chǎn)生的原因。 ⑤在根據(jù)績效差距原因分析基礎(chǔ)上,確認培訓需求和培訓對象。⑥針對培訓需求和培訓對象擬定培訓計劃。 3、 某公司是山東一家著名企業(yè)。該公司在2007年由人力資源部主持開發(fā)和實施了一套績效評估系統(tǒng),試圖使人力資源管理工作走上正軌和高效。然而運行一年多來,效果并不理想: (1)績效評估往往以HR經(jīng)理或直線經(jīng)理與員工之間的非正式談話為基礎(chǔ)。 (2)績效評估的標準相當模糊,導致績效評分主觀經(jīng)常不正確。 (3)該績效評估系統(tǒng)無法向員工提供公司對其期望的信息,使員工對于要獲得有利評分而需要將工作做到什么程度一無所知。 (4)晉升、激勵、調(diào)動和薪酬決策等缺少可靠的信息和數(shù)據(jù)。該公司的人力資源部總監(jiān)想改善這一狀況,然而又苦于無從著手。 請根據(jù)案例回答下列問題: (1)一個有效的績效評估系統(tǒng)具有什么作用?(2)該公司要有效地實施上述績效評估系統(tǒng),通常要進行哪些工作? 1參考答案:一個有效的績效評估系統(tǒng)的作用①引導和激勵員工的行為趨向于組織的目標。 ②約束和監(jiān)督員工行為以確保組織的目標得以實現(xiàn)。良好的績效評估系統(tǒng)會提供一個系統(tǒng)的約束和監(jiān)督員工工作績效的方法。③為人力資源管理實踐提供決策的信息和數(shù)據(jù)。 2參考答案:該公司要有效地實施上述績效評估系統(tǒng),通常要進行一下三方面的工作: ①獲取對該系統(tǒng)的支持。 ②選擇評定者。很多企業(yè)認為績效評估是人力資源經(jīng)理負責的,而實際上,績效評估必須由人力資源經(jīng)理、部門經(jīng)理或者同事共同進行。人力資源部經(jīng)理主要負責評估系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)、監(jiān)督實施、培訓和批準備案等工作;而部門經(jīng)理是最熟悉員工的人,所以績效評估工作的98%是部門經(jīng)理來完成的。 ③確定恰當?shù)脑u估時間安排。 4、 某公司自從2007年7月份開始實行目標管理,到現(xiàn)在運行了將近一年的時間了。然而,它的執(zhí)行過程并不順利,每個月目標管理卡的填寫或制作似乎成了各個部門經(jīng)理的任務(wù)或者說是累贅,總感覺占了他們大部分的時間或者說是浪費了他們的許多時間。每個月都是由辦公室督促大家寫目標管理卡。該公司目標管理的程序如下: (一)目標的制定1.總目標的確定 前一年年末,公司老總在職工大會上作總結(jié)報告,并向全體職工講明下一年度大體的工作目標。然后,在年初的部門經(jīng)理會議上,總經(jīng)理和副總經(jīng)理、各部門經(jīng)理討論協(xié)商確定該年的目標。2.部門目標的制定 每個部門在前一個月的20日之前確定出下一個月的工作目標,并以目標管理卡的形式報告給總經(jīng)理,總經(jīng)理辦公室留存一份,本部門留存一份。目標分別為各個工作的權(quán)重以及完成的質(zhì)量與效率,由權(quán)重、質(zhì)量和效率共同來決定。最后由總經(jīng)理審批,經(jīng)批閱以后方可作為部門的工作最后得分。3.目標的分解各個部門的目標確定以后,由部門經(jīng)理根據(jù)部門內(nèi)部的具體的崗位職責以及內(nèi)部分工協(xié)作情況進行分配。 (二)目標的實施 目標的實施過程主要采用監(jiān)督、督促并協(xié)調(diào)的方式,每個月月中由總經(jīng)理辦公室主任與人力資源部績效主管共同或是分別到各個部門詢問或是了解目標進行的情況,直接與各部門的負責人溝通,在這個過程中了解到哪些項目進行到什么地步,哪些項目沒有按規(guī)定的時間、質(zhì)量完成,為什么沒有完成,并督促其完成項目。 (三)目標結(jié)果的評定與運用 1.目標管理卡首先由各部門的負責人自評,自評過程受人力資源部與辦公室的監(jiān)督,最后報總經(jīng)理審批,總經(jīng)理根據(jù)每個月各部門的工作情況,對目標管理卡進行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整以及自評的調(diào)整。 2.目標管理卡最后以考評得分的形式作為部門負責人的月考評分數(shù),部門的員工的月考評分數(shù)的一部分來源于部門目標管理卡。這些考評分數(shù)作為月工資的發(fā)放的主要依據(jù)之一。但是,在最近部門領(lǐng)導人大多數(shù)反映不愿意每個月填寫目標管理卡,認為這沒必要,但是明顯地在執(zhí)行過程中,部門員工能夠了解到本月自己應(yīng)該完成的項目,而且每一個項目應(yīng)該到什么樣的程度是最完美的。還有在最近的一次與部門員工的座談中了解到,有的部門員工對本部門的目標管理卡不是很明確,其中的原因主要就是部門的辦公環(huán)境不允許把目標管理卡張貼出來(個別的部門),如果領(lǐng)導每個月不對本部門員工解釋明白,他們根本就不知道他們的工作目標是什么,只是每個月領(lǐng)導叫干什么就干什么,顯得很被動??可是部門領(lǐng)導如今不愿意作目標管理這一塊,而且有一定數(shù)目的員工也不明白目標管理分解到他們那里的應(yīng)該是什么。 目前人力資源部的人數(shù)有限,而且各司其職。面對以上存在的問題,人力資源部應(yīng)該怎樣處理? 請根據(jù)案例回答下列問題: (1)該公司的目標管理總體上存在哪些問題? (2)假設(shè)你是該公司的人力資源經(jīng)理,你會采取哪些措施? 1參考答案:問題 ①目標的設(shè)置沒有下屬的參與,主觀性較強,且缺少應(yīng)有的層次。②上下級缺少有效的溝通,各級員工對目標體系不甚了解。③為各部門設(shè)置目標難以把握。 ④考核的結(jié)果沒能公開,員工不知道自己的前景怎樣,該向什么方向前進。 2參考答案:措施 ①取得公司高層領(lǐng)導的支持。 ②充分溝通,讓各部門經(jīng)理及全體員工進一步詳盡地了解“目標管理法”。 ③在確立目標和考核時,必須有下屬充分參與,這樣可以提高員工的工作積極性,降低決策失誤的風險。 ④執(zhí)行目標管理,必須要向下屬充分授權(quán),授予下屬完成目標所必須的權(quán)力,下屬在目標的引導下開展工作。 ⑤努力營造積極的組織環(huán)境,創(chuàng)造良好的工作氛圍,提倡充分而公開的信息交流,讓員工了解考核的結(jié)果,使員工明確什么使被組織承認的和如何努力得到組織承認,MBO導向績效管理鼓勵通過團隊的努力實現(xiàn)目標,注重在目標牽引下的個人能力的成長。 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?!2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過小抄Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’s living conditions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissancestyle. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf where dinner and afternoonteaare available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees. Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for commercialfashionphoto shoots. New Tian’an Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place that’s more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot ofmovies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. "Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because it’s the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. It’s like a family tradition," says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. "Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle," says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. "Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didn’t know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall," says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. "So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low incomes would live in that area," she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous former Saint John’s University, China’s first-ever modern institution of higher education established by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elements. Address: 1575 Wanhangdu Road, Changning district The old residential area After you leave the university from its east gate you will enter a shabby neighborhood that retains its original look. The alleys are narrow and the houses are overcrowded. Some things have not changed for many generations, such as raising chickens at home. Address: West Guangfu Road Moganshan Road This is anartsy street that has become very popular among artists and fashionistas in recent years. Graffiti covers the walls on the winding street, where you can find a cluster of art galleries and creative industry offices. Sihang Warehouse Four banks jointly funded the construction of this warehouse, so it is named sihang, or four banks. The warehouse, built in 1931, was used for the storage of food, first-aid supplies and ammunition during the years of war. The building, which is also a masterpiece left by the Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec in the 1930s, has been recently transformed into a center of creative industry workshops. Address: 1 Guangfu Road, Zhabei district- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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