全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版1單詞UNIT.doc

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UNIT2TEXTAbe lost in / lose oneself in: be absorbed in; be fully occupied with - He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room. - I had lost myself in thought. - 他忙于這項(xiàng)工作而對(duì)周圍的一切都很漠然。(He was lost to the world in this task.)available: adj.1. able to be got, obtained, used, etc.- If you dont want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions available in the book.- We have already used up all the available space. - 對(duì)不起,這種外套沒(méi)有你要的顏色和尺碼。(Im sorry. Those overcoats are not available in your color and size. )2. able to be visited or seen; not too busy- 律師現(xiàn)在沒(méi)空。 (The lawyer is not available now.)or something: used when you are not very sure about what you have just said - The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something. - Heres some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something.NB:同義的短語(yǔ)：or something like that go ahead: continue; begin (sometimes followed by with + n.)- The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan. - Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway. estimate: 1. vt. form a judgment about (a quantity or value)- Bills personal riches were estimated at $368 million. - I estimate that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.- 我估計(jì)她有35歲。 (I estimate her age at 35. )2. n. approximate calculation or judgment made about a quantity or value- According to some estimates, the number of farms has increased by 50 percent. - My estimate of her character was wrong. CF: estimate, evaluate & value這組詞都有“估計(jì)”或“估價(jià)”的意思。estimate 指先于實(shí)際的測(cè)量、計(jì)算或測(cè)試而作的某種估計(jì)或估價(jià)，可以是經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮，也可以是隨意的。- He estimated he would do the hundred miles by noon. (他估計(jì)自已到中午時(shí)能走完這一百英里路。)- I asked three building firms to estimate for the repairs to the house. (我請(qǐng)三個(gè)建筑公司估計(jì)修繕?lè)课莸馁M(fèi)用。)evaluate 很少表示用金錢來(lái)估計(jì)某物的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值，而是對(duì)其相對(duì)或內(nèi)在價(jià)值的評(píng)定。 - The research project has only been under way for three months, so its too early to evaluate its success. (這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了不過(guò)三個(gè)月，所以要對(duì)它的效果作出評(píng)價(jià)為時(shí)尚早。)value 指估計(jì)某物的價(jià)值、價(jià)格。 - He valued the house for me at 3,500. (他為我給這幢房子估價(jià)，價(jià)值3,500英鎊。)Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary. 1. How do teachers evaluate their students work? 2. It was estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field. 3. They have gone to have their jewels valued.might / may (just) as well: If you say that you might / may (just) as well do sth., you mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.- Anyway, youre here; you might as well stay. - The post office is really busy. Well have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.- 這道甜食我還是不吃了吧。 (I might as well give the sweet course a miss.)not much of: not a good - 天氣不是很好。(It is not much of a day. )- Some people may think that doing housework for others is not much of a career. - He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor. keep up: continue without stopping - They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repayments. - I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month. Collocation:keep t堅(jiān)持；信守keep up with跟上；趕上keep on繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；反復(fù)地做keep out of躲開(kāi)；（使）置身于之外keep off避開(kāi)；不讓接近Put into each gap one of the above phrases. Change the form where necessary. 1. Keep off the grass! 2. If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined. 3. Try to keep out of trouble. 4. Dont run I cant keep up with you. 5. He just kept on writing, paying no attention to the cry of the baby. 6. He always keeps to his promises. correspondence: n.1. the act of writing, receiving or sending letters (often followed by with + n.)- His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.- 敵人空襲后通信中斷了。(The correspondence dropped after the enemys air raid. )2. the letters that sb. receives or sends (used as an uncountable noun)- Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence. - The library bought all the correspondence between Queen Victoria and her daughters.Collocation:carry on correspondence進(jìn)行通信break off correspondence中斷通信 business / commercial correspondence商業(yè)書(shū)信personal correspondence私人通信 in correspondence with與有通信聯(lián)系practically: adv. almost, but not completely or exactly - 她幾乎每天上班遲到。(Shes practically always late for work. )- Hed known the old man for practically ten years.- I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking. kind of / sort of: (“kind of” esp. AmE, “sort of” esp. BrE) a little bit; in some way or degree (used before verb or after a link verb) - The boys description kind of gives us an idea of whats happening. - She wasnt beautiful. But she was kind of cute. - 她有點(diǎn)希望能受到邀請(qǐng)。 (She kind of hoped to be invited. )lose touch (with sb.): meet and contact sb. less and less often, gradually stop writing to, telephoning, or visiting them- I lost touch with my former classmates after graduation. - In my job one tends to lose touch with friends.a couple of: a few; more than one but not many- Do you have a moment? There are a couple of things Id like to talk to you about. - They promised the students that they would find a substitute teacher in a couple of days. on ones mind: in ones thoughts; of concern to one (If sth. is on your mind, you are worried or concerned about it and think about it a lot.)- Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time. - This travel plan has been on my mind all week.- You are always on my mind. keep in touch (with sb.): If you keep in touch with someone, you write to, phone, or visit each other regularly.- The old man kept in touch with his children while living in a nursing home.- While doing the research work in the Antarctic, the professor kept in touch with his students via email. Collocation:stay in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系get in touch with 與取得聯(lián)系come up: 1. happen or occur, esp. unexpectedly- Sorry, I am late something came up at home. - Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work changed. 2. be mentioned or discussed- The issue of safety came up twice during the meeting.- News about Project Hope has come up a lot after the earthquake in various media.Collocation:come across 偶遇，碰到 come along 進(jìn)展；出現(xiàn) come down 流傳下來(lái)；落魄，失勢(shì)come over 從遠(yuǎn)處來(lái)，過(guò)來(lái)；短暫造訪 come through 經(jīng)歷（困難），安然度過(guò) come up with 想出（計(jì)劃、答案、回答等） Put into each gap one of the phrases. Change the form where necessary.1. He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 2. Hows your work coming along? 3. These legends came down to us from the 15th century. 4. The old man was 90 years old and lucky to come through his operation. 5. Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages. 6. Come over and see us sometime. urge: vt. try very hard to persuade - They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform program. - Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.- 當(dāng)老朋友布賴恩慫恿我接受一支香煙時(shí)，我實(shí)在忍不住了。(When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. )Pattern: urge sb. to do sth. urge + that-clause. (In the that-clause, “should” or the base form of a verb is used.)postpone: vt. delay (usu. followed by n. / gerund) - The couple had postponed having children to establish their careers.- 我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。 (We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. )CF: postpone & delay 這組詞都有“延緩”或“耽擱”的意思。postpone 指將某事推遲或耽擱延后進(jìn)行，也可以用來(lái)比喻將某人或某物置于次要地位。例如：- The ball game was postponed because of the rain. (球賽因雨延期。 )- It is not right for him to postpone the public interest. (他將公眾利益放在后面是不對(duì)的。 )delay 指由于干擾或意外事故而延誤，特別是延誤了某事的預(yù)期完成或某人某物的按時(shí)到達(dá)。有時(shí)也可能是由于主觀原因故意造成的拖延或耽擱。例如： - The flood seriously delayed the train service. (洪水嚴(yán)重延誤了鐵路運(yùn)輸。 )- Our debtor delays payment from day to day. (欠我們債的人一天又一天地拖延還款。 )Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary. 1. The ship was delayed two hours. 2. We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer. reference: n. 1. the act of talking about sb. / sth., or mentioning them (usu. followed by to) - It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume. - His recent book makes references to the political events of those days. 2. sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of another place in a book- Make a note of the reference number shown on the form. 3. the act of looking at sth. for information- Use the dictionary for easy reference. - Keep their price list for further reference. Collocation: a reference book參考書(shū)，工具書(shū)a reference library （不外借書(shū)的）參考書(shū)閱覽室 for reference 作參考in / with reference to 關(guān)于 reunion: n. a party attended by members of the same family, school, or other group who have not seen each other for a long time- Before she went abroad for further study, the whole family had a big family reunion. - The soccer club holds an annual / a yearly reunion. Collocation: a class reunion 畢業(yè)后的同班同學(xué)聚會(huì)a family reunion 家人團(tuán)聚 hang out: 1. (infml; used mainly in AmE) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much- I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemployed. - We can just hang out and have a good time.- Thats the corner where all the kids hang out.2. hang clothes on a piece of string outside in order to dry them- I was worried that I had no time to hang out my washing. - What a pain! Its raining and Ive just hung the washing out. Collocation: hang about / around （在）閑逛 hang on （打電話時(shí)用語(yǔ)）不掛斷；堅(jiān)持下去 hang over 掛在上；籠罩，威脅hang up 掛斷電話；擱置，拖延 Put into each gap one of the above phrases. Change the form where necessary. 1. I was so angry that I hung up on her. 2. Im afraid that the line is busy. Would you like to hang on? 3. The danger of war hung over Europe for 21 years. 4. Dont hang about / around. We have a train to catch! (every) now and then: (every) now and again; sometimes; at times- Every now and then I have a desire to quit my tedious job. - I still see Jane for lunch every now and then, but not as often as I used to.Collocation:now and again 不時(shí)地now or never 勿失良機(jī) NB:表示“偶爾、有時(shí)”的詞和短語(yǔ)： 1. at times5. from time to time2. (every) now and then6. sometimes3. (every) now and again7. on occasion4. (every) once in a while8. occasionallymostly: adv. almost all; generally - They have invested their money mostly in expensive real estate. - The guests at the wedding party are mostly friends of the bride. awful: adj. (used to add force) very great; very bad or unpleasant- I have got an awful lot of work to do. - I cant bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke.choke up: become too upset to speak- Losing my job left me completely choked up. - When he learned the news of his friends sudden death, he was so choked up that he couldnt say a thing.skip: vt. pass from (one point, etc.) to another, disregarding or failing to act on what comes between - 報(bào)紙讀者可以選擇自己感興趣的新聞,略過(guò)自己認(rèn)為是枯燥的或無(wú)關(guān)的消息。 (A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and skip what he thinks is boring or irrelevant. )- The teacher said: “First skim the text to obtain a general impression of it. Then scan the first three paragraphs and locate the birth dates of the main characters. And as time is limited, we will have to skip some of the exercises.”right away: at once - Tom has got a high fever; he should go and see a doctor right away. - I wrote him a letter and posted it right away. NB:表示“立即、馬上”的詞和短語(yǔ)：1. at once5. promptly2. directly6. right away3. immediately7. straight away4. instantlyTEXTBpeer: vi. look closely or carefully - The doctor peered at the patients X-ray for a minute. - 他透過(guò)霧仔細(xì)張望, 想找出正確的路。(He peered through the mist, trying to find the right path.)uneasy: adj. feeling anxious or uncertain- I feel a bit uneasy about asking her to do me such a big favor. - 她與她婆婆的關(guān)系相當(dāng)緊張。(She has a rather uneasy relationship with her mother-in-law.)be (the) best of friends: close friends- Since Michael moved to our neighborhood, we have been (the) best of friends. in search of: trying to find - He disappeared in the direction of the car park, in search of the missing ticket. - 當(dāng)她出去尋找木柴時(shí)，被一名狙擊手打中了。(She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood.)scrape a living: only earn enough money to provide yourself with food, clothing and a place to live - The writer scraped a living by sending articles to newspapers when she was unknown. - 我不想僅僅維持生活；我要賺大把大把的錢。(I dont just want to scrape a living; I want to make buckets of money! )get rid of: destroy; become free of- Lisa is trying to get rid of the mice in her house.- 他打開(kāi)窗戶，好讓陳腐煙草的氣味散去。 (He opened the windows to get rid of the smell of stale tobacco.)stuff: n. matter; material- Theres some sticky stuff on the floor. - 她所說(shuō)的關(guān)于李的一切都是瞎說(shuō)。(All that stuff she has been saying about Lee is rubbish.)soak: v. become or make completely wet- Youd better wipe up that red wine youve spilt before it soaks (= is absorbed) into the rug. - 風(fēng)把雨吹進(jìn)來(lái)了，打濕了地毯。(The wind had blown the rain in and soaked the carpet.)swing: v. turn around quickly or make sth. turn around quickly - He swung around and yelled “thats a damn lie!”- He sat there swinging his legs.burst into: start suddenly- Lily burst into tears when she learned that she didnt pass the exam. - 天氣突然變暖，樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出葉子來(lái)了。(The weather turned warm unexpectedly, making the trees burst into leaf.)fling: vt. throw violently - The audience cheered and flung their hats into the air when the Jamaican athlete broke the world record. - 我們用力將安全繩扔給他。 (We flung him the safety rope.)crash: v. fall or strike suddenly, violently, and noisily - He lost control of his car at the first bend and crashed.- 這架飛機(jī)起飛后墜毀了。(The plane crashed after take-off.)bare: adj. without clothing - She felt the sun warm on her bare arms. - 那個(gè)男孩光著腳踩在軟軟的沙子上，一絲聲音都沒(méi)有。 (The boys bare feet made no sound in the soft sand.)extent: n. rea or length; amount- From the top of the Empire State Building, you can see the full extent of Manhattan. - 我們尚不知道他受傷的程度。(We dont yet know the extent of his injuries.)worse still: to be worse - She broke her leg skiing. Worse still, she lost her job a month later. in bad / good shape: in bad / good physical condition- He bought up businesses that were in bad / poor shape, and then sold them off bit by bit.- 我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)星期沒(méi)鍛煉了，現(xiàn)在的身體狀況真的很糟糕。(I havent had any exercise for weeks, and Im really in bad shape.)despair: n. the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or troubling situation- Theyre in the depths of despair over / about the money theyve lost.- 令老師絕望的是，諾頓對(duì)于要求他做的工作從來(lái)不做。 (To his teachers despair, Norton never does the work that hes been told to do.)draw on: use part of a supply of- A company as big as Sinopec has a great amount of expertise to draw on. - 他的小說(shuō)大多取材自他的童年經(jīng)歷。 (His novels draw heavily on his childhood.)lean: vi. 1. move or bend your body in a particular direction- I leaned back on the pillows and closed my eyes. - 喬靠在學(xué)校的墻上，抽著香煙。(Joe was leaning against the school wall, smoking a cigarette. )2. depend on someone for support and encouragement- The old couple leaned on each other for support. - 邁克爾一直有他哥哥撐腰。(Michael has always had his brother to lean on.)rescue:1. vt. help (sb. or sth.) out of a dangerous, harmful or unpleasant situation - The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat. - 政府已經(jīng)拒絕挽救該公司，使其免于破產(chǎn)。 (The government has refused to rescue the company from bankruptcy.)2. n. an act of rescuing- I didnt know anybody at the party, but the hostess came to my rescue (= helped me out of a difficult situation) by introducing me to a few people. - 我們?cè)谇捅诘氖律蠑D成一團(tuán)，等待救援。(We huddled together on the cliff ledge, waiting for rescue.)highlight: 1. n. the best or most exciting or interesting part- Highlights of the match will be shown after the news.- 在威尼斯的那個(gè)周末絕對(duì)是我們這次旅行的高潮。(That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip.)2. vt. give special attention to- The report highlights the need for improved safety. - 課文中的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤已經(jīng)用綠色突出顯示了。(The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.)After Reading Useful Expressions完全沉浸于be completely lost in引起的注意get sb.s attention坐進(jìn)后座settle into the back seat得了感冒什么的have a cold or something不著急in no hurry接著，繼續(xù) go ahead記住了，能背出來(lái)know sth. by heart家書(shū)抵萬(wàn)金。Letters from home always mean a lot.老是在外旅行 be on the road so much不大會(huì) not much of a hand at 保持通信往來(lái)keep up correspondence從小學(xué)一直到高中all the way through both grade and high school老街坊an old neighborhood沉默in silence失去聯(lián)系lose touch老同學(xué)聚會(huì)a class reunion時(shí)間不饒人。Time goes by.在一起閑逛hang out on the same corner點(diǎn)頭稱是nod in agreement在遠(yuǎn)處in the distance