中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八 飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康（含解析）.doc

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時(shí)間：8～10分鐘/篇　　分值：2分/小題 Passage 1(xx天津) Many people travel to different places in the world by air. Usually it takes a long time, perhaps half a day, for passengers to stay in the plane. So airlines(航空公司) offer passengers food. But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree? To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food. They would like to do so because they dont want to lose customers. However, according to scientific research, part of the reason why plane food tastes bad is that at high altitude(海拔) we can not taste things as well as we do on the ground. Also scientists have found that our noses become very dry even before a plane takes off. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure(氣壓) reduces one third of the sensibility(感覺) of our taste buds(味蕾). So our taste buds become senseless. The sad fact, however, is that our noses dont know it. All of these help explain why food on the plane tastes so bad. They also help explain why airlines choose to offer passengers salty and spicy(辛辣的) food. Without doing so, the food would be tasteless. Now there are many researches on this. According to one of them, some volunteers are asked to lie with their feet higher than their heads for weeks. And scientists write down their feelings about food taste. Though scientists try their best, it is not as easy as they thought. Because they cant deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them. (　　)1. In Paragraph 2, “this problem” means ________． A. passengers stay long in the plane B. food on the plane tastes bad C. passengers have no food to eat D. food on the plane is expensive (　　)2. What do airlines do to solve this problem? A. Get more customers.　　　B. Offer more food. C. Improve their food. D. Reduce the ticket price. (　　)3. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure reduces ________ of the sensibility of our taste buds. A. half　　B. one third　　C. one fourth　　D. one fifth (　　)4. Why do scientists feel it hard to make food on the plane taste good? A. The volunteers dont know about food taste. B. The volunteers dont understand them. C. They cant find enough volunteers. D. They cant deal with the special environment successfully. (　　)5. What is the best title of the passage? A. Taste of Airplane Food B. Airplane Travel C. Scientific Research on Noses D. The Change in Air Pressure Passage 2(xx東營(yíng)) It seems that school children all over the world complain(抱怨)about their school food. What do students of your age eat for lunch at school in other countries? Japan High schools have dining rooms. They serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from home, such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(泡菜)and vegetables. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food. United States A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one third of the daily amount(總量)of necessary nutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))，such as, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium(鈣)． Australia Meat pies, sausage rolls(香腸卷)and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the country pays more attention to childrens health, healthier foods have started to appear on school menus. Many schools have used a traffic light system. The sale of red labeled(標(biāo)注)foods, including cookies, chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green labeled foods such as sushi, sandwiches, corn and watermelons, however, are available every day. South Africa Most of South African schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1：30 p．m. and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches. Fast food and fried food sell the best among students. As a result, it has caused a rise in obesity(肥胖)among children. But as more people began to realize that being too fat may cause different kinds of serious illnesses, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. Now students at these schools are offered lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbage, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes. (　　)1. High schools in Japan serve________． A. noodles and rice B. burgers and rice balls C. chips and vegetables D. fish and roast chicken (　　)2. From the passage, we know the typical menu from a US school is________． A. delicious B. quite healthy C. not very healthy D. popular in South Africa (　　)3. Which are traditional dishes in Australia? A. Meat pies and hotdogs. B. Chocolate and soft drinks. C. Cookies and sushi. D. Sandwiches and corn. (　　)4. In South Africa，________． A. most students have sandwiches and vegetables for lunch B. students like fast food and fried food very much C. more and more students become ill D. students realized that fast food and fried food were bad for their health (　　)5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. Parents in Japan are invited to taste the food twice a year. B. In the United States, school lunches must provide at least one third of the daily amount of necessary nutrition. C. In Australia, many schools have used a traffic light system. D. In South Africa, schools dont serve meals. Passage 3(xx長(zhǎng)沙) Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(衛(wèi)生)conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(有機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利使用) clean water to improve their health. Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12yearold girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of handwashing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldnt eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “Its not up to you to tell me what to do！” Stunned(目瞪口呆的), Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,_Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjaras head teacher, he understood the importance of handwashing and his daughters intentions(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives. For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, lets avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world. (　　)1. According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause ________． A. traffic problems　　B. forest fires　　C. many illnesses (　　)2. The key to improving peoples health in developing countries is ________ in Paragraph 1. A. to get clean water B. to exercise often C. to refuse drugs (　　)3. What can we infer(推斷) from Paragraph 2? A. Hadjara laughed at her fathers foolishness. B. Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight. C. Hadjaras father understood his daughters love and care for him later. (　　)4. The underlined word “protest” in this passage means ________． A. 抗議 B. 保護(hù) C. 節(jié)約 (　　)5. The purpose of the writer is to ________． A. teach people how to wash hands B. call on people all over the world to save water C. show developing countries rich in clean water 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八 飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章講述了為什么我們會(huì)覺得飛機(jī)上的食物不好吃的原因。 1. B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：在第二段中“this problem”指的是。根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句“But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree? ”可知答案。故選B。 2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：航空公司是如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的？根據(jù)文中第二段第一句“To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food.”可知選C。 3. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：隨著飛機(jī)的上升，氣壓的改變降低我們味蕾敏感度的。根據(jù)文中第三段第三句“As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure(氣壓) reduces one third of the sensibility(感覺) of our taste buds(味蕾)．”可知選B。 4. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：為什么科學(xué)家認(rèn)為把飛機(jī)上的食物味道變好很困難？根據(jù)文中最后一段最后一句“Because they cant deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them.”可知選D。 5. A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？A項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)上食物的味道；B項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)旅行；C項(xiàng)：關(guān)于鼻子的科學(xué)研究；D項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)氣壓的變化。通讀本文可知主要講述的是飛機(jī)上食物的味道，故選A。 Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了日本、美國(guó)、澳大利亞、南非四個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)生在學(xué)校的午餐情況。 1. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：日本中學(xué)會(huì)提供。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“They serve everything from noodles to rice...”可知日本學(xué)校的食堂提供面條和米飯。故選A。 2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：從短文中，我們知道美國(guó)學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)的菜單是。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken...”可知傳統(tǒng)的美國(guó)校餐主要包括漢堡、炸薯?xiàng)l和烤雞，這些都是不健康的食品。故選C。 3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：哪些是澳大利亞的傳統(tǒng)菜肴？根據(jù)文章第四段第一句的“Meat pies, sausage rolls (香腸卷) and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops.”可知肉餡餅和熱狗是澳大利亞的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。故選A。 4. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在南非，。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“Fast food and fried food sell the best among students.”可知學(xué)生都喜歡快餐和油炸食品。故選B。 5. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：下列哪項(xiàng)是不正確的？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food.”可知A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句的“School lunches must also provide at least one third of the daily amount (總量) of necessary nutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))．..”可知B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第四段第三句“Many schools have used a traffic light system.”可知C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)文章的最后一句“Now students at these schools are offered lunches...”可知現(xiàn)在南非的這些學(xué)校已經(jīng)提供午飯，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選D。 Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中主要講述了凈水資源對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家人們健康的重要性，號(hào)召我們采取行動(dòng)，節(jié)約用水。 1. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)最近的報(bào)道，水質(zhì)差的水和衛(wèi)生狀況差可能引起。第一段第二句“A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation (衛(wèi)生) conditions.”可知大約80%的疾病都是由水質(zhì)差的水和衛(wèi)生狀況差引起的。故選C。 2. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在第一段中，改善發(fā)展中國(guó)家人們健康狀況的關(guān)鍵是。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“In this case, there is an urgent (迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to (有機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利使用) clean water to improve their health.”可知使用凈水是改善人們健康的關(guān)鍵，故選A。 3. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從第二段中我們能推斷出什么？根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“After her father questioned Hadjaras headteacher, he understood the importance of handwashing and his daughters intentions (目的)．”可知Hadjara的父親最終明白了女兒對(duì)他的關(guān)心和愛。故選C。 4. A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：這篇短文中劃線單詞“protest”的意思是。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“...Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night.”可知此處指她為了抗議拒絕吃晚餐。故選A。 5. B【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：作者的目的是。根據(jù)短文最后一句“So, from now on, lets avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.”可知作者寫本文的目的主要是號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水。故選B。