張雙樓煤礦1.8 Mta新井設(shè)計(jì)含5張CAD圖-采礦工程.zip

張雙樓煤礦1.8 Mta新井設(shè)計(jì)含5張CAD圖-采礦工程.zip,張雙樓煤礦1.8,Mta新井設(shè)計(jì)含5張CAD圖-采礦工程,張雙樓,煤礦,1.8,Mta,設(shè)計(jì),CAD,采礦工程 任務(wù)書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)題目： 張雙樓煤礦 1.8 Mt/a 新井設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)專題題目： 煤巖沖擊傾向性及物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)測(cè)定設(shè)計(jì)主要內(nèi)容和要求：以實(shí)習(xí)礦井張雙樓煤礦條件為基礎(chǔ)，完成張雙樓煤礦 1.8 Mt/a 新井設(shè)計(jì)。主要內(nèi)容包括：礦井概況、礦井工作制度及設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力、井田開(kāi)拓、首采區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)、采煤方法、礦井通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、礦井運(yùn)輸提升等。結(jié)合煤礦生產(chǎn)前沿及礦井設(shè)計(jì)情況，撰寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于煤巖沖擊傾向性及物 理力學(xué)性質(zhì)測(cè)定的專題論文。完成沖擊礦壓電磁輻射監(jiān)測(cè)方面的科技論文翻譯一篇，題目為“EME rock burst monitoring in coal mine huafeng”。院長(zhǎng)簽字：指導(dǎo)教師簽字：英文原文EME rock burst monitoring in coal mine huafeng(Dou lin ming ，china university of mining and technology, Xu fangjun,Zhang xiufeng，huafeng mine,shan dong, china)AbstractThe electromagnetic emission is caused by the inhomogeneous variable speed and the deformation of various parts of the coal and the variable speeding movement of electrical particles during crack expansion. This article is about the EME rules before and after the coal sample failure in 4# coal seam of HuaFeng mine by experiments. some methods to monitor and forecast .KBD5 apparatus has been used to monitor the 4# coal seam which has high danger of burst in Huafeng mine, many times rock pressure were forecasted according to the EME rules. Therefore EME technique can be applied in coal mines.1 EME mechanism of rock burst failure1.1 EME Mechanism of Rock Burst FailureThe research shows that the EME is the result of the deformation and the failure of the loaded inhomogeneous materials, such as coal and rock, and is formed in the variable speeding movement of electrical particles during crack expansion caused by the inhomogeneous variable speed and the deformation of various parts of the coal.Variable deformation of various parts of the variously loaded coal and rock makes the free and escaping electrons move from the high-stress zones to the low-stress zones. At the same time, a lot of charges are covering the coal samples surface, thus coulombs field or low frequency EME comes into being. Before the crack expands, there are a great number of charges or electrons on it. After the crack expansion, parts of the coal around the crack contract, meantime the Coulombs field is formed because of the high concentration of electrons are accelerated with EME radiated. EME are ionized.1.2 EME Phenomena and Experiment Result of Rock BurstThe EME characteristic of HuaFeng coal was described by the experiment in lab. Fig 1 represents the typical curves of the stress distribution, EME impulse distribution and EME amplitude distribution of HuaFeng coal sample, which has high danger of Rock Burst.From the experiment results we know that EME signals appear in the process of deformation and failure udder loading the various coal and rock. EME amplitude is below a certain value before the brittle failure, while it suddenly increase of loading and the rate of deformation in coal. EME amplitude is below a certain value before the brittle failure, while it suddenly increases during the brittle failure of the loaded coal sample.If the 80% of the maximum failure stress of the coal sample is considered as the warning EME value of Rock Burst, then it can be figured out on the basis of EME experiment. Thewarning EME value of Rock Burst of the 4# coal seam in HuaFeng Mine are listed as Tab 1 shows:Tab 1The warning EME value of Rock BurstCoal seamThe stress value of brittlefailure/MpaThe EME value of coal failureMaximumWarning valueAmplitude/mvImpulsemaximumWarning valuemaximumWarning value4#16.112.9433346610488a. The relationship between EAE load and time of 5# coal sampleb. The relationship between EAE amplitude and time of 5#coal samplec. The relationship between EAE impulse and time of 5#coal sample Fig.1 the result of coal sample experimentThe experiment results show EME impulse basically increased with the increase of loading and the rate of deformation in coal. The higher the stress and the rate of deformation are, the stronger the EME signal is.2 forecastinf of rock burst2.1 The principle of EMEs forecasting Rock BurstThe coal on the working face is in an unstable state when its stress balance is broken after the heading and working space has been formed. There is EME radiated in the process of the rib coals deformation and cracks forming to have a new stress balance, causing the coal to deform and to crack.The higher the stress in the coal is , the stronger the EME value is. The higher the EME frequency is, the greater the danger of Rock Burst is. From the low-stress zone to the high-stress zone with the working face advancement, the EME signal is becoming stronger. In the abutment area, the stress sis the highest, and the deformation of the coal is also great, therefore the EME signal is the strongest. In the low-stress zone, the EME amplitude decrease and intends to the balance. The EME signal received by isolated way is a collectivity of the ones if both low-stress zone and high-stress zone. When the stress in the monitored zone is high ,the EME signal gives the just character of high stress zone, therefore we can use the EME signal to describe the high stress zone and then forecast the Rock Burst.The research of the on-site test and the analysis in theory all shows that the deformation value-(t) vary with EME amplitude and impulse. Before the Rock Burst, the EME value is higher, then it decreases, bur during this period of time the value reaches or exceeds critical value. The change of the EME value and impulse reflects the process of the failures growth.2.2 Methods of the Forecasting Rock Burst2.2.1 The EME parametersThe EME maximum amplitude, the average amplitude and the impulse is applied for describing high-stress zone in coal seam.2.2.2 Method of the forecasting Rock BurstThe EME critical point, deviation values, fractal character can be used to forecast the Rock Burst.The EME critical point is a method that 1.5 average values measured on the place where there is mo danger of coal failure or in normal condition are considered as the critical values. When the EME value monitored exceeds the critical value, the danger of rock burst increases. The formula is:Ecri=1.5EaveEME Fractal character is a method of analysis of fractal dimension of the EME data by time. Practice proves that under normal conditions the change of fractal dimension of the EME value is small, but before or after the rock burst, it much changes. When this change is from little to much of from much to little, it has high danger of Rock Burst when mining.D=(E-Eave)/Eave100%2.2.3 The principle of the forecastingThe factors influencing the Rock Burst include geography conditions, mining technology and so on. Based on kinds of factors influence on Rock Burst, the danger classification of rock burst is decided.Tab 2 The classification of Rock BurstDanger classification Of Rock BurstDanger state of Rock burstDanger index of Rock BurstANo danger0.25BWeak danger0.250.5CMiddle danger0.50.75DGreat danger0.750.95Eunsafe0.953 Application of the eme technique3.1 The Condition of the Tested Working FaceEME technique was used in Huafeng Mine on 3406(1) working face, which is located in District 2 of mining area 3 of layer 4 at level-750m. Seam 4 which is 6.5m thick has high danger of Rock Burst. It has 3 layers, the first layer is 2.2m thick, and its dip angle is 34.3406(1) working face is neighbored by Fault 51 pillar in the west and Mining areas 2 separating pillar in the east. Below the working face 3406 is the virgin coal seam, and above if is the goal of mining area3 at level 3. the air road2ay is 537m above the sea level, the drawing roadway 616m, the stride length of working face is 650m. The immediate roof is siltstone with the thickness of 2.0m.3.2 The KBD5 apparatusKBD5 apparatus is used to monitored the EME on the working face, in the way of non-touched directional testing, accepting, accepting a wide range of frequency to the top of 500HZ, testing a distance from 7m to 22m, and the tested point is 10m far from each other.3.3 Application of the EME TechniqueThe research show the change of the EME on the tested working face and in the roadway is usually small, and there is less EME impulse. The EME amplitude in different area of the working face is different. It is high where the pressure and the danger of Rock burst is high. There are obvious signs of the greatly after the reliving shot. This proves that there is great deformation in the coal wall, it is very likely to have Rock Burst.Fig3 is about the results of the EME of the middle of the 3406(1) working face.Fig4 is about the regularity of the fractal character of the three features. Fig 5 is about the regularity of the deviation values of the three features parameters. According to these figures, the three feature parameters have all exceeded the critical value before the Rock Burst.Fig.3 The Regularity of the EME Amplitude Before and after Rock BurstFig.4 The relationship between the EME fractal dimension and time of 130th prop of the working faceFig.5 The change of EME deviation of 130th prop of the working face3.4 The EME Forecasting Guideline of Rock Burst on the Working FaceAccording to many times of EME practice, the EME forecasting guideline of Rock Burst on the 3406(1) working face is decided. Tab 3 shows the forecasting guideline in the way of critical point and deviation value.Tab 3. The forecasting guideline of Rock BurstMaximum amplitudeAverage amplitudeImpulseCritical point17310422Deviation value35%15%150%We have successfully forecasted many times of Rock Burst by using the guideline, and protected us from many accidents.3.5 EME Forecasting AccuracyIf the monitored Rock BURST C is considered as the forecasting the 1.0 or above vibration and rock burst is 100%. If Rock Burst D is considered as the forecasting criterion, the accuracy is 73%.4 conclusions(1) EME signals appear in the process of deformation and failure under loading the coal and rock. EME basically grows stronger with the increase of loading and the rate of deformation in coal.(2) EME amplitude is below a certain value before the brittle failure, while it suddenly increases during the brittle failure of the loaded coal sample. EME impulse is increased with the increase of the load and the deformation.(3) The of-site practice shows that the maximum EME amplitude, average amplitude and the impulse increase with the increase of the danger of rock burst. The EME character of different state of working face and the forecasting guideline cha forecast many times of rock burst.(4) If the monitored rock burst C is considered as the forecasting criterion, the accuracy of forecasting the 1.0 of above vibration and ROCK BURST is 100%.References1 Dou Lin ming, He xue qiu burst control theory and technology, China Mining University Press, 20012 Dou Lin ming Electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission in coal and rock burst on the application PhD thesis, China University of Mining, 2001,33 Dou lin ming,Hexueqiu coal electromagnetic radiation when the rock mass failure of Tsinghua University,December 2001 414 Dou Lin ming, He xue qiu: Rock Burst Control Theory and Technology, China Mining University Press, 20015 Fang huan ming: burst of production of the mine and its prevention, Coal Library, 20026 Wang sheng shen: Mine Disaster Control Theory and Technology, China Mining University Press, 19897 Jiang guo an, Lv jia li: Mining Engineering English, 19988 The National Natural Science Terminology Committee: Coal Science and Technology Foundation, 19969 ChenyanGuang, Xu yong qi: Chinas coal mining approach, China Mining University Press, 199110 Feng chang rong: Coal Mine Mining Design Manual, Coal Industry Press, 198411 Feng chang rong: Mining Engineering graduate design guidance, China Mining University Press, 1996中文譯文華豐煤礦沖擊礦壓電磁輻射監(jiān)測(cè)竇林名 1，徐方軍 2，張秀峰 2（1.中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)；2.中國(guó)山東華豐煤礦）摘要電磁輻射是由煤的裂縫在擴(kuò)大的過(guò)程中，變速運(yùn)動(dòng)和不同部分的變形以及電子變速運(yùn)動(dòng)引起的。這篇論文是關(guān)于華豐煤礦 4#煤層破壞前后的電磁輻射實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。一些關(guān)鍵的、有價(jià)值的監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)報(bào)沖擊礦壓的方法已經(jīng)被認(rèn)可。KBD5 裝置已經(jīng)被用來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)華豐煤礦有高沖擊礦壓的 4#煤層。多次預(yù)報(bào)的沖擊礦壓同電磁輻射 規(guī)律完全一致。因此，電磁輻射技術(shù)能被用在煤礦中。1 沖擊礦壓的電磁輻射機(jī)理1.1 沖擊礦壓的電磁輻射機(jī)理研究表明電磁輻射是煤巖體非均勻物質(zhì)在加載過(guò)程中變形破壞引起的，是在裂縫擴(kuò)大過(guò)程中由變速運(yùn)動(dòng)和煤不同部分變形引起電子變速運(yùn)動(dòng)形成的。不同部分受到不同載荷引起不同的變形，煤巖使自由電子由高壓區(qū)移到低壓區(qū)。同時(shí)， 大量的電子積聚在煤樣表面，因此，在庫(kù)侖力的作用下，低頻率的電磁輻射就產(chǎn)生了，在裂縫擴(kuò)大之前，大量的電子在樣品上，在裂縫變速擴(kuò)大的過(guò)程中，電子被釋放出，電磁輻射和聲發(fā)射同時(shí)放出。在裂縫擴(kuò)大后，部分集中在裂縫的四周，同時(shí)，由于電子高度集中在裂縫的兩邊，庫(kù)侖力形成了。庫(kù)侖力的影響下，自由電子運(yùn)動(dòng)加速了電磁輻射。當(dāng)分子和原子被減速、被電離時(shí)，電磁輻射被放出。1.2 沖擊礦壓的電磁輻射現(xiàn)象和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果下面是實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試的華豐煤礦煤樣的電磁輻射特征。圖 1 為華豐礦 5#煤樣的典型應(yīng)力時(shí)間、電磁輻射脈沖數(shù)時(shí)間、電磁輻射幅值時(shí)間的曲線圖。從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得到，5# 煤層有很高的沖擊礦壓危險(xiǎn)性。從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果我們可以得出：不同類型的煤巖體在載荷作用下變形及破壞過(guò)程中都有電磁輻射信號(hào)產(chǎn)生。電磁輻射基本上隨著載荷的增加而增加。在加載煤樣發(fā)生沖擊破壞之前， 電磁輻射幅值總低于一個(gè)特定值，而在沖擊破壞時(shí)，電磁輻射幅值會(huì)突然增加。（a）5#煤層煤樣變形破壞的 PT 曲線圖（b） 5#煤層煤樣電磁輻射幅值時(shí)間曲線圖（c） 5#煤層煤樣電磁輻射脈沖數(shù)時(shí)間曲線圖圖 1 煤樣實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果根據(jù)電磁輻射實(shí)驗(yàn)，假如煤樣破壞最大壓力的 80%作為沖擊破壞的預(yù)警值，表 1 列出了華豐煤礦 4#煤層電磁輻射值與巖體沖擊破壞預(yù)警值。表 1電磁輻射值與沖擊破壞預(yù)警值煤層沖擊破壞力/MPa煤沖擊破壞時(shí)的電磁輻射值最大值預(yù)警值幅值/mv脈沖數(shù)最大值預(yù)警值最大值預(yù)警值4#16.112.9433346610488實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：煤體電磁輻射脈沖數(shù)隨著載荷的增大及變形速度的增強(qiáng)而增大，載荷越大，加載速度越大，煤樣的變形破壞越強(qiáng)烈，電磁輻射信號(hào)越強(qiáng)。2 沖擊礦壓的預(yù)報(bào)2.1 電磁輻射預(yù)報(bào)沖擊礦壓的原則在工作面形成之后，工作面煤的壓力平衡狀態(tài)被打破了，處在一種不平衡狀態(tài)，在煤變形和斷裂形成新的壓力平衡過(guò)程中，電磁輻射被防出。煤中壓力越高，電磁輻射值越高。電磁輻射頻率越高，發(fā)生沖擊礦壓的危險(xiǎn)性就越高。隨著工作面的推進(jìn)，由低應(yīng)力區(qū)到高應(yīng)力區(qū)，電磁輻射信號(hào)變得更加強(qiáng)烈。在臨近區(qū)，壓力最高，煤的變形最大，因此，電磁輻射信號(hào)最強(qiáng)。在低應(yīng)力區(qū)，電磁輻射幅值減小，趨于平衡。通過(guò)隔離方法，收集低應(yīng)力區(qū)與高應(yīng)力區(qū)的電磁輻射信號(hào)，當(dāng)監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)的應(yīng)力增大時(shí)，電磁輻射信號(hào)正好提供了高應(yīng)力區(qū)的特征。因此，我們可以用電磁輻射信號(hào)來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)高應(yīng)力區(qū)和預(yù)報(bào)沖擊礦壓。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)和理論分析發(fā)現(xiàn)變形值（t）和變形能W（t）與電磁輻射幅值、脈沖數(shù)并不一致。在沖擊破壞之前，電磁輻射值非常高，接著降低。但是在這一階段，電磁輻射只會(huì)達(dá)到或超過(guò)臨界值，電磁輻射幅值和電磁輻射頻率的改變，反映了煤巖逐步破壞的過(guò)程。2.2 沖擊礦壓預(yù)報(bào)方法2.2.1 電磁輻射參數(shù)電磁輻射最大幅值、平均幅值和脈沖數(shù)被用來(lái)描述煤層高壓力區(qū)。2.2.2 預(yù)報(bào)沖擊礦壓的方法電磁輻射臨界點(diǎn)，偏差值，不連續(xù)特征能被用來(lái)預(yù)報(bào)沖擊礦壓。電磁輻射臨界點(diǎn)是在煤還沒(méi)有破壞危險(xiǎn)或自然條件下測(cè)得的平均值的 1.5 倍，當(dāng)電磁輻射監(jiān)測(cè)值超過(guò)臨界點(diǎn)，沖擊礦壓的危險(xiǎn)性就會(huì)增加。公式為：Ecri=1.5Eave磁輻射不連續(xù)特征是分析電磁輻射數(shù)據(jù)隨時(shí)間而變化的一種方法，實(shí)踐證明了，在自然條件下電磁輻射不連續(xù)值是很小的，但是，在沖擊礦壓發(fā)生前后，它會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化， 當(dāng)這變化由小變大，或由大變小，在采礦過(guò)程中就會(huì)有沖擊礦壓發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)。電磁輻射偏差值是通過(guò)分析平均值和檢測(cè)值之間的不同，來(lái)預(yù)報(bào)沖擊礦壓的一種方法。實(shí)踐證明在沖擊礦壓發(fā)生前偏差值變化非常大。公式為：D=(E-Eave)/Eave100%2.2.3 預(yù)報(bào)原則地質(zhì)條件、采礦工藝等多方面的因素影響了沖擊礦壓。根據(jù)影響沖擊礦壓的因素，規(guī)定了沖擊礦壓危險(xiǎn)性等級(jí)。表 2沖擊礦壓等級(jí)沖擊礦壓等級(jí)沖擊礦壓危險(xiǎn)性狀態(tài)沖擊礦壓指標(biāo)A沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)0.25B有危險(xiǎn)0.250.5C中等危險(xiǎn)0.50.75D非常危險(xiǎn)0.750.95E不安全0.953 電磁輻射技術(shù)的應(yīng)用3.1 被測(cè)工作面的地質(zhì)條件電磁輻射技術(shù)被用在華豐煤礦 3406（1）工作面，3402 工作面位于-750 水平，3 采區(qū)2 區(qū)段 4#煤層。4#煤層厚 6.5m，有高沖擊礦壓危險(xiǎn)性。它有三個(gè)分層，第一層是 2.2m 厚， 角度為 34，3406（1）工作面的西邊是遺留下的 51 個(gè)煤柱，和東邊 2 采區(qū)的煤柱。3406（1）工作面下面是未開(kāi)采煤層，在它的上面 3 水平 3 采區(qū)?；仫L(fēng)巷標(biāo)高-537m，運(yùn)輸巷標(biāo)高-616m，工作面走向長(zhǎng)度 650m。直接頂是厚 2.0m 的泥巖。3.2 KBD5 裝置KBD5 裝置被用來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)工作面的電磁輻射幅值，通過(guò)非接觸直接測(cè)試最高范圍到 500赫茲的電磁輻射。測(cè)試距離從 7m 到 22m，每個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)之間的距離都在十米以上。3.3 電磁輻射技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究表明被測(cè)工作面和巷道的電磁輻射通常變化非常小，很少有電磁輻射脈沖。在工作面不同位置，電磁輻射幅值不同，壓力越高，沖擊礦壓的危險(xiǎn)性越高，電磁輻射幅值越高。在發(fā)生沖擊礦壓之前，電磁輻射幅值電磁輻射脈沖數(shù)快速增加，這是要發(fā)生沖擊礦壓的信號(hào)。沖擊礦壓再一次發(fā)生時(shí)，電磁輻射脈沖又巨大變化。這證明了在煤壁中發(fā)生了巨大變形，很有可能發(fā)生了沖擊礦壓。圖 3 是 3406（1）工作面中部的電磁輻射結(jié)果。圖 4 是電磁輻射不完整特征的三個(gè)規(guī)律。圖 5 是電磁輻射偏差值的三個(gè)特征參數(shù)規(guī)律。根據(jù)這些圖，在沖擊礦壓發(fā)生前，三個(gè)特征參數(shù)都超過(guò)臨界值，它們的偏差值，不連續(xù)值變化很大，因此，用電磁輻射技術(shù)和其它方法能很大提高預(yù)測(cè)沖擊礦壓的準(zhǔn)確性。圖 3沖擊礦壓前后電磁輻射脈沖規(guī)律圖 4工作面 130 支柱電磁輻射不連續(xù)關(guān)系圖 5電磁輻射偏差值3.4 電磁輻射預(yù)報(bào)工作面沖擊礦壓指標(biāo)根據(jù)多次的電磁輻射實(shí)驗(yàn)，規(guī)定了 3406（1）工作面沖擊礦壓電磁輻射預(yù)報(bào)指標(biāo)。表3 列出了臨界值和偏差值指標(biāo)。通過(guò)利用以上指標(biāo)，我們已經(jīng)成功預(yù)測(cè)了多次沖擊礦壓，在多次沖擊礦壓中保護(hù)了我們自己。表 3沖擊礦壓預(yù)報(bào)指標(biāo)最大幅值平均幅值脈沖臨界點(diǎn)17310422偏差值35%15%150%3.5 電磁輻射預(yù)報(bào)的精確性假如，被監(jiān)測(cè)到的沖擊礦壓的 C 級(jí)作為臨界點(diǎn)，則預(yù)測(cè)沖擊礦壓的精確度為 100%。假如，沖擊礦壓的 D 級(jí)作為臨界點(diǎn)，則預(yù)測(cè)沖擊礦的精確度為 73%。4 結(jié)論（1）在煤巖體加載變形和破壞過(guò)程中會(huì)有電磁輻射信號(hào)放出。電磁輻射基本上隨著載荷的增加而增大，隨著加載及變形速率的增加而增大。（2）在加載煤樣發(fā)生沖擊破壞之前，電磁輻射幅值總低于一個(gè)特定值，而在沖擊破壞時(shí)，電磁輻射幅值會(huì)突然增加，電磁輻射脈沖會(huì)隨著加載及變形的增加而增大。（3）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)顯示了電磁輻射脈沖最大值，平均值和電磁輻射脈沖數(shù)會(huì)隨著沖擊礦 壓危險(xiǎn)性的增加而增加。工作面不同地點(diǎn)的電磁輻射特征和預(yù)報(bào)指標(biāo)預(yù)報(bào)了多次沖擊礦壓。（4）假如，被監(jiān)測(cè)到的沖擊礦壓的C 級(jí)作為臨界點(diǎn)，則預(yù)測(cè)沖擊礦壓的精確度為100%。假如，沖擊礦壓的 D 級(jí)作為臨界點(diǎn)，則預(yù)測(cè)沖擊礦的精確度為 73%。參考文獻(xiàn)1 竇林名,何學(xué)秋 沖擊礦壓防治理論與技術(shù) ，中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,20012 竇林名 . 電磁輻射和聲發(fā)射在煤礦和沖擊礦壓上的應(yīng)用博士生論文， 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué),2001,33 竇林名,何學(xué)秋 煤巖體破壞時(shí)的電磁輻射清華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)， 2001 年 12 月 41 期4.竇林名，何學(xué)秋：沖擊礦壓防治理論與技術(shù)，中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2001 5.方煥明：淺談生產(chǎn)礦井沖擊礦壓及其防治，煤炭圖書(shū)館，20026. 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