2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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選修8Unit 1A land of diversity【短文語(yǔ)法填空】We live in a world where snapping (抓拍) photos of your kids and posting them to social media is about as natural to parents as kissing them.But when enjoying _1_ (they) with little ones, sharing pictures at birthday parties, or wearing new _2_ (cloth), parents should keep some moments private.Otherwise, you may put kids into embarrassment, or even _3_ (bad), make them a potential target for child traders._4_， children at certain stages hate their photos to be made public too.Now, parents _5_ post pictures of their children on social media could be accused by their sons or daughters under Frances privacy laws.Mothers and fathers are likely _6_ (face) a year in prison and a fine of 35,000, if they _7_ (find) guilty of posting details of their childrens private lives without their permission.And adults, who accuse that their parents damaged their right to privacy when they _8_ (be) children, could receive a large amount of money from their parents.In February, Eric Delcroix，_9_ expert on Internet law, posted a message on WeChat, reading：“Please stop _10_ (post) pictures of your kids on WeChat.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要呼吁父母不要輕易將孩子的照片放到社交媒體上以保護(hù)其隱私。1themselvesenjoy oneself為固定搭配，意為“玩得高興”，故用反身代詞themselves。2clothesclothes是名詞，意為“衣服”，這里指“穿新衣服”，故用clothes。cloth意為“布料”。3worseeven用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，故用worse，意為“甚至更糟糕的是”。4Besides/Furthermore/Moreover根據(jù)對(duì)空格前后語(yǔ)境的理解可知，這里并列敘述了將孩子的照片放到社交媒體上的兩個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，所以這兩點(diǎn)之間應(yīng)用承接副詞Besides/Furthermore/Moreover，意為“此外”。注意首字母大寫(xiě)。5who/thatparents后為定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞是parents，指人，故用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)從句。6to facebe likely to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“很可能做某事”，故用to face。7are foundfind與前面的主語(yǔ)they之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且全文時(shí)態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用are found。8were根據(jù)前面的“And adults, who accuse that their parents damaged their right to privacy .”可知，此處指當(dāng)他們是孩子的時(shí)候，是過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填were。9anan expert on Internet law為同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明了Eric Delcroix。同位語(yǔ)中常用不定冠詞，表示 “一”；因?yàn)閑xpert的讀音是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的，故用an。10postingstop doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“停止做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。故填posting。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P183)一高考單詞識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用1核心詞匯elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉 _election_ n選擇；選舉_grasp_ vt.& n抓??；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)_customs_ n海關(guān)；關(guān)稅 _custom_ n風(fēng)俗_occur_ vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 _indication_ n標(biāo)示；表明；暗示_hire_ vt.& n租用；雇用_reform_ vt.& vi.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良means n方法；手段_mean_ vt.意味著 _meaning_ n意義2?？荚~匯majority n_大多數(shù)；大半_minority n_少數(shù)_applicant n_申請(qǐng)人_apply vi._申請(qǐng)_application n_申請(qǐng)書(shū)；申請(qǐng)_apparent adj._顯而易見(jiàn)的；顯然的_apparently adv._顯然地；顯而易見(jiàn)地_conductor n_列車(chē)員，指揮_conduct vt._指揮，指導(dǎo)_boom n& vi._(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展_用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Just last year，I _was conducting_ (conduct) a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.(2017全國(guó)卷)2In the north of India，the population _is booming_ (boom) due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.(2017江蘇卷)3Taylor _will apply_ (application) to college soon.She wants to be a nurse.(2017北京卷)4Jack was working in the lab when the power cut _occurred_ (occur)(2016北京卷)5Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，_was hired_ (hire) to make the images，most of which have never before been published.(2016全國(guó)卷)6When Im writing a textbook，it has bee second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its _meaning_ (mean)(2016江蘇卷)7Research findings seem _to indicate_ (indicate) that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.(2015重慶卷)8Besides，I have such a good mand of English that I _am elected_ (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.(2015陜西卷)“抓住”家族grasp 抓住，掌握，領(lǐng)會(huì)master 抓住，掌握，領(lǐng)會(huì)seize 抓；捉；捕；奪；搶；劫掠；掠奪snatch 搶，抓??；搶去，奪去，攫取(away；off；up；down；from)take hold of 抓住grab 攫取，抓??；抓?。粨寠Z，霸占capture 捕獲，奪得；俘獲，擄掠，掠奪“選擇”速覽choose vt.選擇choice n選擇select vt.選擇；挑選；選拔elect vt.推選；選(舉)某人任某職election n選舉，選出，當(dāng)選option n選擇，取舍，選擇權(quán)；可選擇的東西pick out 選出vote vt.& vi.選舉；投票學(xué)會(huì)“道歉與原諒”apologise/apologize vi.道歉；謝罪apology n道歉；辯解excuse vt.原諒，寬恕forgive vt.原諒，饒恕，寬恕pardon n原諒，饒恕，寬恕regret n遺憾，抱歉forget it 不要介意never mind 不介意take it easy 放松，不要緊張【完形填空】My fianc(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It _1_ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much _2_.I didnt want the whole day to be about wanting to _3_ the office for the uping(即將到來(lái)的)_4_ and I didnt want it to be just another romantic night for two，_5_ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy.I began in small ways.I _6_ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next _7_ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave _8_ instructions on how to smile as _9_ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my _10_ ，so that any colleague who came by might just_11_ for a moment，read，and _12_ change their feeling.When it came time for our lovely dinner to _13_ that night，I left the server a big _14_ and a wellwishing note for her to have a _15_ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress _16_ tears beside us.We asked her to _17_ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mothertobe，I _18_ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for _19_.It was a day that was not _20_ ours，but it was the waitressday，my coworkers day，and now its your day too!1A.startedBadaptedCdisappeared Dfinished2A.later BworseCmore Dearlier3A.apply BleaveCfind Dstay4A.party BpicnicCbanquet Ddinner5A.if BthoughCso Dbecause6A.turned BputCmade Dhid7A.full BsleepyCangry Dhungry8A.few BcleanCclear Dpuzzling9A.employees BmanagersCfriends Dbosses10A.home BofficeCrestaurant Dbedroom11A.stop BrunCeat Dbuy12A.never BhardlyCfrequently Dperhaps13A.change BbeginCarise Dend14A.bill BtipCorder Dmenu15A.wonderful BcarefulCbusy Danxious16A.looked into Bcame intoCmade into Dburst into17A.stand up Bsit downCgo away Dstay up18A.smiled BshoutedCcried Dcheered19A.three BfourCfive Dsix20A.ever BusualCjust Deven【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者和她的未婚夫決定一起共進(jìn)晚餐。在這本該屬于他們自己的特殊一天里，作者卻選擇把關(guān)愛(ài)和歡樂(lè)一同送給同事、餐廳服務(wù)員、甚至是未曾謀面的陌生人，讓愛(ài)和溫暖滋潤(rùn)他人。1A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much _”及下文內(nèi)容可知，這頓晚餐一開(kāi)始只屬于我們。start意為“開(kāi)始”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。2C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)最后一段中的“but it was the waitress day，my coworkers day, and now its your day too”可知，“我們”的這一天最后卻變得更有意義，是更多人的一天。more 意為“更多”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。3B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指吃晚飯前先離開(kāi)辦公室。leave意為“離開(kāi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。4D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此處指即將到來(lái)的晚餐。故選D。5C考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指作者不想這一天只屬于她和未婚夫，她也想給他人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。本句與上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選C。6B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，硬幣應(yīng)該是放入自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)。B項(xiàng)意為“放，安置”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。7D考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“food vending machines(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))”可知，此處指在自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)里放入多一些的硬幣，是為了讓下一個(gè)肚子餓了來(lái)買(mǎi)食物的同事有東西吃。hungry意為“饑餓的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。8C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此處指作者在大廳里貼出清晰易懂的笑臉示范。clear意為“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。9A考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此處應(yīng)指雇員。故選A。10B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者裝飾的是辦公室。故選B。11A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路過(guò)的同事們看到激勵(lì)的話會(huì)停下來(lái)讀一讀。故選A。12D考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者覺(jué)得這些激勵(lì)的話可能會(huì)改變同事們的心情。此處表推測(cè)。故選D。13D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“I left the server.”可推知，此處應(yīng)表示在晚餐結(jié)束要離開(kāi)的時(shí)候。end意為“結(jié)束，終止”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。14B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，在離開(kāi)之前作者給服務(wù)員留下了很豐厚的小費(fèi)。B項(xiàng)意為“小費(fèi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。15A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及“a wellwishing note”可知，作者的便條是祝愿服務(wù)員有美好的一天。wonderful意為“精彩的，絕妙的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。16D考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，服務(wù)員看到作者的便條感動(dòng)得哭了。burst into tears意為“突然哭了”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。17B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀請(qǐng)服務(wù)員坐下來(lái)，聽(tīng)她傾訴。B項(xiàng)意為“坐下”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。18C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“As an emotional mothertobe”及語(yǔ)境可知，服務(wù)員突然哭起來(lái)，而作者作為一名感性的孕婦也陪她哭了起來(lái)。故選C。19A考查數(shù)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，作者夫婦和服務(wù)員一起坐著，因此一共是三個(gè)人。故選A。20C考查副詞辨析。句意為：這一天已經(jīng)不僅僅是屬于我們的，也是屬于服務(wù)員的、我的同事的而且現(xiàn)在也是你們的。just意為“僅僅”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。二重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用1動(dòng)詞介詞(副詞)live _on_ 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存keep _up_ 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)mark _out_ 用線畫(huà)出范圍；標(biāo)出界線take _in_ 包括；吸收apply _for_ 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到team up _with_ 與合作或一起工作2其他形式_a_ great/good many 許多；很多_by_ means of.用辦法；借助_make_ a life 謀生；習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等back to _back_ 背靠背用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1Whom should you contact if you want to _apply for_ the job in Rockville？(2016四川卷)2It is honorable to _make a life_ with your hands while depending on others is a shame.3After seeing _a great many_ homeless people in the streets，I thought I should do something for them.4To _keep up_ good relationships with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them.5John preferred to go into business alone rather than _marked out_ anyone else.6The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house _by means of_ a ladder.“很多”再回顧a lot of；lots of；a number of；a quantity of；quantities of；a good/great many；dozens of；scores of；many a；more than one；the/a majority of“動(dòng)詞out”短語(yǔ)再記bring out 闡釋；說(shuō)明；出版carry out 完成；實(shí)施計(jì)劃e out 出現(xiàn)；傳出：表露；達(dá)到help out 幫助克服困難give out 用盡；耗盡turn out 證明work out 計(jì)算出；擬定出；解決run out 用完set out 啟程；出發(fā)三佳句選粹在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫(xiě)中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫(xiě)1.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。it is likely that.“有可能”。對(duì)我們學(xué)生而言參觀長(zhǎng)城有可能是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。_It is likely that_ a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。That is why.“那就是的原因”。他迷戀電腦游戲，那就是他不得不輟學(xué)的原因。He is addicted to puter games，and _that is why he has to_ drop out of school.3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯的、主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。It is believed that.“人們認(rèn)為/相信”，其構(gòu)成為：Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句。人們認(rèn)為澳大利亞的歷史始于18世紀(jì)末期。_It is believed that_ Australian history began at the end of the eighteenth century.【短文改錯(cuò)】The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me.【答案】The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something .As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day， I decided to call her and her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions， were very useful，and I read carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me.第一處：most前加the?？疾楣谠~。母親節(jié)前一天，我周?chē)乃腥硕荚谡務(wù)撌裁词撬麄儗槟赣H買(mǎi)的最合適的禮物。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為形容詞的最高級(jí)，故在most前加the。第二處：werewas?？疾橹髦^一致。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Buying flowers作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式，故將were改為was。第三處：differentlydifferent?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾不定代詞something需用形容詞。注意：different在此作后置定語(yǔ)。第四處：去掉so?？疾檫B詞。as“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，故后面的so多余。第五處：sentsend?？疾閯?dòng)詞。and連接的不是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是不定式，第二個(gè)不定式前的to承前省略了。第六處：whatwhich?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為suggestions，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。注意：what不可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。第七處：itthem?？疾榇~。指代前面的suggestions，需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞them。第八處：feelfeeling?？疾槊~。feel作名詞表示“觸覺(jué)，印象”，而feeling作名詞表示“想法，意見(jiàn)，感覺(jué)”，顯然此處要用feeling。第九處：inup?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。give in是“讓步，屈服”的意思，與語(yǔ)義不符。give up意為“放棄”，符合語(yǔ)境要求。第十處：tofor?？疾榻樵~。此處表示我感謝媽媽為我做過(guò)的一切。thank sb.for sth.“為某事感謝某人”為固定用法。